A ‘Triumph of the Will’? Andrew Marton's Der Dämon des Himalaya and the National Socialist Need for Heroes

The article explores the appropriation of Andrew (Endré) Marton's 1935 feature film Der Dämon des Himalaya (Demon of the Himalayas), produced during Prof Dr Günter Oskar Dyhrenfurth's Internationale Himalaya Expedition 1934, for National Socialist propaganda purposes in the context of the tragic 1934 German Nanga Parbat expedition. Specifically, it demonstrates – via a detailed analysis of the film's genesis – the degree to which National Socialist sports and cultural officials would tolerate the work of an ‘un-German’ film production team in order to communicate the exemplary image of the new ‘heroic’ German mountaineer.     

高原训练对游泳运动员促红细胞生成素的影响

本文研究了高原训练对游泳运动员血液成分促红细胞生成素EPO及血红蛋白(Hb)的影响。结果表明:EPO在高原缺氧,运动强度及环境迅速改变刺激下均可升高,但维持时间较短,一般不超过一周。通过EPO的变化规律,可以指导高原训练负荷的安排。     

高空作业人员工伤预防指标模型研究

选取长期在电力配网运行、维护作业过程中技能、技术优秀、工作高效人员,对他们的身体形态、机能、素质等方面的体能测试数据进行科学的分析,建立更加适合电力系统高空作业人员的工伤预防评价指标体系。     

Climbing Beyond the Summits: Social and Global Aspects of Women's Expeditions in the Himalayas

This article investigates the conditions and circumstances that led to the emergence of Nepalese women's mountaineering. It draws a comparison and shows parallels with the development of Western female mountaineering. The special focus here is on so-called ‘women's expeditions’ in the Himalayas. In the last 20 years, these expeditions have played an important role for Nepalese women in gaining access to high-altitude climbing. An overview of the historical developments from the 1950s to the present illustrates the transnational and global involvement of high-altitude mountaineering in Nepal, as well as the impact of political and social programmes to foster gender equality and diversity.     

对大学生篮球运动损伤原因及预防的分析

篮球运动是一项集体性、综合性、围绕高空展开立体型攻守对抗的活动性游戏。篮球运动以其特有的魅力,吸引并深受广大学生的喜爱,是在校园里开展最好的体育活动之一。但由于篮球运动强度大、对抗激烈、身体接触多,以及在篮球教学和训练中缺乏足够的重视和有力的预防措施,各种损伤时有发生,严重困扰篮球教学和训练工作,更给学生日常生活学习带来诸多不便。因此,指导学生在篮球运动中预防运动损伤是十分必要的。     

German fußball—recent developments and origins

Fußball is the most popular sport in Germany. The reasons for this extraordinary status and success of association football in Germany are complex. In this article, answers are searched for in the context of the historical development of German society. After a review of the recent development of German football and football historiography, the paper focuses on two issues relating to the origins of German football. These are the transformation of football in the then dominant body culture of gymnastics, and secondly its impact on the German process of nation-building. Both processes are not only linked, but also related to the concept of manliness in German sport and society. This is the reason why women’s football in Germany was not accepted until the late 1960s in German society—and British as well.     

Football with Friends? How the German Sporting Press Covered the German–Danish Sports Collaboration, 1939–1944

Abstract

This paper concludes that a number of different discourses marked the coverage of Danish–German sports collaboration during the Second World War in German newspapers, sports magazines and newsreels. From the outbreak of the Second World War to the German occupation of Denmark on 9 April 1940, the discourses cover neutrality and friendship with Germany. After the invasion of Denmark, a discourse of Nordic sentiments became very important in the communications of the press, with Danish athletes portrayed as Nordic citizens, which some circles of German society could interpret as a euphemism for the Nazi idea of a strong Aryan Scandinavia. During the autumn of 1941, the rising strain on Germany’s resources made the sports media a supplier of success. The discourse of a strong Germany replaced the previous discourses. As German–Danish sporting events ceased in 1942, Danish sport alone would still make occasional appearances in the German media until 1944, providing a German audience with entertainment and distraction.     

基于库帕博士起源下的健美操发展研究

针对库帕博士创编健美操以来健美操的发展现状展开研究,认为库帕博士的创编对健美操基本功能的定位和基本形式的确立的起了重要作用,健美操的功能、类别与具体的知识和技术技能在此基础上得以发展与创新,并将在职业化与医疗保健方面得到快速发展。     

德国和原西德体育电视媒体发展特点分析

体育是德国电视媒体发展主要推动力,体育电视媒体的发展在经历了政府垄断和自治公立体制的两个历史阶段之后,形成了适应现代市场竞争需求的双轨制发展模式。德国体育电视媒体以电视广播和体育两大文化领域发展为基础,与德国的政治体制一脉相承,体现了高度自治、竞争制衡、公益福利性的特点,利用文献分析法,通过对于德国体育电视历史发展和现状的相关研究文献和资料进行理论分析,并以最具代表性的足球为例进行阐述。揭示了德国体育电视媒体社会化发展的特征。     

缘起德国足球华丽转身的思考

如果说2002年韩日世界杯德国足球还被怀疑是昙花一现,那么2006年和2010年世界杯的精彩让人们不得不惊叹强大的德国足球又回来了。健康的德国足球,有一群热情忠实的球迷始终拥趸自己热爱的足球,保持了极高的比赛上座率;有一套足够健全的政策制度支持并能够坚定执行的环境,提供了良好的发展空间;有一个连贯有序的后备人才培养计划,坚实的梯队建设和广泛布局的培训学校成就了德国足球的勃勃生机,总被认为与"激情"无关的德国足球有了华丽的蜕变。     

21世纪德国足球改革之路

通过文献资料法、逻辑分析法和归纳总结法对上世纪末德国足球的衰落进行梳理分析,并对新世纪以来德国足球管理层进行的一系列足球改革措施进行研究,探寻德国足球重新崛起的改革之路,以期为我国的足球发展改革提供理论参考。     

Leben und Werk Carl Diems

This research report details the origin and results of the project entitled“The Life and Work of Carl Diem,” which was made possible by the support of the German Sports Federation, the German National Olympic Committee, the German Sport University of Cologne, and the Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach Foundation from 2005 to 2007. Both the topic and the project were quite well received by the public. The project addressed the divergent topics of the history of sports science and the policy of dealing with the past of German sports. These aspects of the theoretical background are highlighted in an introductory section illustrating how they relate to the project. The core of the research report focuses on a contextual discussion of the goals and results of the project. The debate surrounding the culture of remembrance in German sports has thus gained new momentum.     

Rahmenbedingungen männlichen Gerätturnens im deutschen Spitzensportsystem: Disziplinspezifische Anmerkungen zur nationalen Debatte

In German sports science, the national elite sport promotion system is a steady topic of discussions. The federal government and the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) expect new impetus of the reformed elite sport system in the areas of, inter alia, young athlete promotion, scientific support, and the coaches’ situation in German elite sport. The present article is a discipline-specific approach to these three issues for men’s artistic gymnastics. The first author served in various functions in German gymnastics (former squad athlete, young athletes‘ coach, academic teaching) for several years and is familiar with essential problems due to close communication with gymnasts, coaches, scientists, and officials. The purpose of this article is to point out specific challenges in men’s artistic gymnastics in view of the present debate on the German elite sport promotion system. This is intended to stimulate further discussions on solution approaches concerning the common exploitation of potentials.     

Welcome to Norway!? The Discussions About German Participation in the 1952 Olympic Winter Games in Oslo

The German re-entry into the Olympic Movement after the Second World War took place at the 1952 Olympic Winter Games in Oslo – the capital of a country which had been occupied by Nazi Germany from 1940 to 1945. The wounds of war had by no means healed in Norway at the time of the Oslo event; thus, the 1952 Olympic Games became once more a political issue. In fact, prior to the event, the question of German participation had given rise to numerous discussions between Norway, the Federal Republic of Germany and the IOC. Therefore, the West German ‘Return to Olympia’ was a process which took two years and required patience and diplomatic tact. The objective of this article is to trace this process both from the Norwegian and German perspectives since the research results on the subject available to date emphasised either a Norwegian or a German perspective. This approach also seems interesting against the historical background of the onset of the Cold War.     

青年毛泽东与德国体育文化

运用献资料法和解释学的方法，对青年毛泽东与德国体育化的关系进行分析和研究，得出了德国体育化对他的哲学思想和人生观的启示、引发和映证的结论。     

Amerika: The Super Bowl and German Imagination

Abstract

The Super Bowl has played a central role in the diffusion of American football in Germany, as interviews with the ‘founding fathers’ of ‘gridiron’ football clubs and analysis of German media accounts reveal. American football and the Super Bowl have also played an important role in the construction of traditional German Amerikabilder – images, ideas, and symbols associated with America. German media rarely covered American football until the late 1970s. At that time, brief highlight shows of the Super Bowl on German television and broadcasts on the American Forces Network significantly contributed to the diffusion of American football and the emergence of an American football league in Germany in the late 1970s. In the process of covering the Super Bowl, German journalists reproduced Germany’s double-headed Amerikabild: America as a model of modernity on the one hand, and as a violent, cultureless society on the other. The press further invoked historical clashes between German Kultur and the dreaded Zivilisation of the West. This exploration of the social processes surrounding the reception of the Super Bowl in Germany employs the theories of cultural globalization, migration, and electronic mediation developed by the anthropologist Arjun Appadurai to explain the complexities of contemporary global cultural flows.     

The occupational socialization of German physical education teachers

To date, most of the work on the occupational socialization of physical education (PE) teachers has been completed in the United States and Britain. The purpose of this study was to examine and describe the occupational socialization of German PE teachers who were trained prior to unification of the two German states and worked in both their old nations and the new Germany. The two research questions we attempted to answer were (a) What were the perspectives and practices of West German (WG) and East German (EG) PE teachers? and (b) What factors influenced these perspectives and practices? Participants were five former WG and five former EG teachers. Data were collected using four qualitative techniques (formal and follow-up interviews, document analysis, film snippets) and analyzed by employing analytic induction and constant comparison. Findings indicated that there were distinct and different patterns of socialization for the former German states. The WG group possessed conservative teaching orientations nurtured during their childhood and youth and reinforced during their training and by their school cultures. Perceived changes in German society and culture led to slight modifications of these orientations over the teachers’ careers. Prior to reunification, the EG group possessed a high performance orientation primarily honed by the politics of the state. The perspectives and practices of WG teachers were relatively unaffected by reunification. In contrast, the transition to a new system was emancipating for four of the EG teachers who shifted to a teaching orientation. Conversely, the transition was particularly difficult for one of the former EG teachers who partially retained his high performance orientation and strategically complied with new national requirements.     

The yearbook for folk and youth games: a neglected source in German sports history

The article deals with the founding circumstances of German sport associations. It argues from a sociological point of view bringing together the structural changes of modern society and the development of youth as a societal group of its own. The author holds that the beginning of the German sport movement was closely connected to the phenomenon of group building processes furthered by the Central Board for Furthering Folk and Youth Games, a social initiative whose activities have been underestimated by sporthistorians as well as sportsociologists. In the organisation's publication organ The Yearbook for Folk and Youth Games many of the elements were first outlined which characterize German sport associations until today.     

德国高校体育的组织架构与功能 ——以德国波鸿—鲁尔大学为例

采用文献综述法和调查访问法,以德国波鸿-鲁尔大学为例,从机构设置、协会设置等两个方面来分析和解释高校体育的系统结构,对德国高校体育的组织架构与功能做了介绍和研究,并通过实例分析德国高校体育体系构制成熟和功能完善。     

The Munich Olympics 1972: Its Impact on the Relationship Between State,Sports and Anti-Doping Policy in West Germany

This article about doping and anti-doping measures and policy in West Germany in the context of the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich is part of a research project about ‘Doping and Anti-Doping in West-Germany’, supported by the German Government. The intention of this paper is to describe, analyse and discuss the process of changing relationships between state (including various governing sports bodies) and sport (including the German sport associations and federations) in West Germany in the context of the Munich Olympics, and how doping and anti-doping was dealt with in national and international high-level sports. The paper is based on relevant archives and documents from governmental and sports organizations, as well as on the current German and international state-of-the-art of doping (and anti-doping) research.