学校文化建设的PCOLT模式及其启示

PCOLT模式认为,学校文化的三种文化特质——专业共同体、组织学习以及信任,都与学生学习有着密切的联系。PCOLT模式强调,在学校文化建设过程中,应该发挥校长作为文化变革驱动者的作用,应该通过专业共同体强化教师之间的信任,应该构建网络学习共同体,应该加强与地方政府、社区之间的联系。PCOLT模式可以为我国校园文化建设带来积极启示：通过提高校长文化领导力促进学校文化建设;通过发展教师专业共同体促进学校文化建设;通过提升群体意识促进学校文化建设。     

The Rise of the New Professionals? The restructuring of primary teachers’ work and professionalism

This article explores teachers’ reactions to changing management cultures and argues for a complex reading of their responses. Data from an ethnographic study of a primary school are used to illustrate the restructuring of the teachers’ work since the mid‐1980s. Different teacher strategies were developed in response to changes in the managerial control of their work and dominant management constructions of professionalism. Whereas teachers in an occupational culture, the ‘old professionals’, largely resisted the changes but subsequently left the school or left teaching, the ‘new professionals’ complied with some of management's changed expectations of them, but resisted others. In the new managerialist culture the teachers experienced new forms of control and their roles increasingly included managerial tasks. The article concludes by suggesting that measures for policing teachers’ work, such as inspection and school self‐management may limit the spaces in which teachers can use strategies of resistance within accommodation.     

Teaching in the periphery: Teacher identity in community language schools

Community language schools are unique educational language providers developed as grassroots initiatives by immigrant communities worldwide. However, little is known about community language school teachers’ work or their sense of identity. The present study uses narrative inquiry to explore the experiences and challenges of one Swedish community language school teacher in Australia. Key findings show that community language school teachers’ sense of teacher identity is situated and negotiated in the intersection of people, power relations, and language ideologies which can lead to a lack of job satisfaction, a sense of failure, and marginalisation in wider educational contexts.     

Successful implementation of information and communication technology integration in Malaysian public schools: An activity systems analysis approach

This multiple-case study drew upon Engeström's (1987) activity theory (AT) to understand the conditions and explain the systematic contradictions that facilitate successful Information and Communication Technology (ICT) integration in schools. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and document analysis from one primary and one secondary public school in Malaysia. In-depth interviews were carried out with nine participants, including principals, ICT coordinators, and teachers. Findings revealed three conditions that led to successful ICT integration: 1) types of ICT tools in the school, 2) rules and regulations in the school that shape the ICT culture, and 3) division of labour within the school community. The findings indicate that school stakeholders must work together to resolve tensions introduced by systemic contradictions in different activity systems, which shape school ICT culture. The study aims to enrich the discourse on ICT integration by assisting school stakeholders to reflect on their own ICT integration strategies.     

Novice teachers in the Czech Republic and their drop-out intentions

The current paper presents the results of the first research study of drop-out intentions of novice teachers in the Czech Republic. The study focuses on the reported satisfaction of novice teachers in primary and lower secondary schools with external factors that influence their socialisation and that can be seen as predictors of novice teachers' decision to stay in their current school. In the paper we present the results of quantitative research conducted in 2015–2017. Our main findings include the key significance of factors at the school level, especially the influence of school culture and climate, cooperation with colleagues and leadership. We conclude that in the Czech context teachers tend to stay in schools provided that they work in a well-functioning school, with cooperative colleagues and good head teachers.     

Action research as a school-based strategy in intercultural professional development for teachers

Teacher professional development is a key factor for transforming professional and school culture. This article describes a case study undertaken in a Spanish school during the 2007-2008 academic year. Our aim is to explain how action research methodology was applied to encourage professional and school culture towards an intercultural and inclusive approach. Our results show that the training process challenged teachers’ pre-existing deficit theory perspectives and empowered them as leaders for school change. The conclusions identify the key factors that enabled teachers to engage in critical reflection, and to implement strategies for collaborative work and community participation in school.     

Fostering teacher community development: A review of design principles and a case study of an innovative interdisciplinary team

To deal with recent reforms and the accompanying complexity of work in secondary education, ongoing collaboration between teachers has become more important. A community is seen as a promising learning environment to support and embed collaboration into the culture of the school. However, community theory for the design of teacher communities seems underdeveloped. Therefore, this study aims to formulate a set of design principles to foster the development of teacher communities in secondary education. The set of design principles is based on a review of literature, as well as on a best-practice case. The case study was used to validate design principles from the literature in the target context. The resulting design principles were based on context-intervention-mechanism-outcome logic that takes into account the context-dependency of interventions as well as the mechanisms that help with understanding of how interventions produce certain outcomes. Implications for practice relate to ownership and co-design of the arrangement. The set of design principles provides a practical basis for teachers and administrators aiming to facilitate community building in their school. Future research is recommended on testing the effectiveness of the arrangement in the target context by means of a multiple case study.     

学校变革中的“教师领导”

依靠源自学校内部的力量而进行的持久的学校革新,应该采取不同于以往的革新方式;促成教师基于角色转型和职业生活方式改变的专业力量的兴起,是决定学校变革成败的关键因素。教师领导这一新的角色被视为教师增权、促进变革和教师专业社群建设的必然选择。教师领导意味着教师要成为促进学生学业发展的领导者,要推动其他教师改进教育教学实践,促进学校内部领导群体的形成。教师领导的途径包括"参与"、"互动"和致力于生成"合作文化"。     

Where the two shall meet: Exploring the relationship between teacher professional culture and student learning culture

This study focuses on the understudied connection between teachers’ and students’ perceptions of school culture. Utilizing a longitudinal sample of approximately 130,000 students and 9000 teachers in 225 New York City traditional public schools, we investigate how professional culture among teachers intersects with students’ collective emotional engagement—that is, the extent students together view the school environment as trusting and respectful, both between teachers and students and among students (i.e., student learning culture). We find that when the teachers report a strong collaborative culture, believe they have adequate materials, and feel physically safe, students report a stronger and more positive learning culture. Our results thus fill a gap in prior research on school change that has looked at either teacher or student perceptions of school culture but not the two together. Here, because our results demonstrate such a positive relationship between the collective views of teachers and the collective views of students regarding the environment in which these groups work, they suggest new avenues for research to examine how such subcultures within a school may, together, act as critical and interdependent levers for school change.     

Pedagogical well‐being: reflecting learning and well‐being in teachers’ work

Teachers’ learning and occupational well‐being is crucial in attaining educational goals both in the classroom and at the school community level. In this article teachers’ occupational well‐being that is constructed in teaching–learning processes within the school community is referred to as pedagogical well‐being. The article focuses on exploring teachers’ experienced pedagogical well‐being by examining the kinds of situations that teachers themselves find either empowering and engaging or burdening and stressful in their work. The study aims to: (1) identify the primary contexts of teachers’ experienced critical incidents of pedagogical well‐being; and (2) determine the kind of action strategies teachers have adopted in these contexts when they are reported as empowering and engaging. The study included data collected from the teachers of nine case‐schools around Finland. Altogether, a selected group of 68 comprehensive school teachers, including both primary and secondary school teachers, were interviewed. Our results suggested that interaction with pupils in socially and pedagogically challenging situations constitutes the core of teachers’ pedagogical well‐being. Success in both the pedagogical goals and more general social goals seem to be fundamental preconditions for teachers’ experienced pedagogical well‐being. Further investigation showed that teachers’ approaches to socially challenging situations varied. Results suggest that teachers’ pedagogical well‐being is centrally generated in the challenging social interactions of their work. Moreover, the way in which a teacher acts in the situation is found to be a regulator for experienced pedagogical well‐being.     

职业教育工学结合课程实施的主体要素研究

职业教育工学结合课程实施的主体要素是学生、教师、学校和企业。工学结合课程实施中的学生主要应关注在校学习与企业工作的过渡,工作体验与知识学习的平衡;教师主要关注鼓励教师参与课程变革,教师专业发展;学校主要是校内实训基地建设和学校文化建设。企业主要是实习基地选择和校企合作长效机制的建立。     

The teacher as a ‘colony’: a case study of agentive responses to ‘colonising’ education policy in Vietnam

Neo-liberal educational policies that are being implemented globally work to foster competition among schools and teachers, as well as among children. In this situation, teachers must often come to accept the dominant representations of curricular policy developed by higher authorities. In this study, a case study design is used to describe how one school in Vietnam shifted away from this state of ‘colonisation’ by reforming the school under the framework of lesson study for learning community (LSLC). This paper subsequently argues that there is a need for school-level policies that democratise school culture and practices, resisting the negative impacts of colonising policies.     

新手—熟手—专家型教师的教师文化比较研究

立足于教师文化,从生态取向的角度研究教师成长,采用访谈法和问卷法,随机选取387名中学教师,考察教师文化对教师成长的影响。结果表明：（1）新手型教师能感受到学校领导的关心和支持;对学校的经济条件较满意;有良好的新老教师互动。（2）熟手型教师需要领导对其专业发展给予更多的支持和帮助;考虑到学校经济条件对其成长的支持不足;有了自己比较稳定的人际圈子,同事之间的互动不够。（3）专家型教师得到领导的高度关注和大力支持;对学校的物质支持感到满意;学校的人际关系融洽,与同事实现了积极的互动。（4）总体上看,熟手型教师的教师文化水平低于新手和专家型教师。     

The introduction of electronic portfolios to teach and assess english as a foreign language in Taiwan

Conclusion The use of electronic portfolios to teach and assess EFL affects both teachers and students who are accustomed to traditional methods of teaching and learning English in Taiwan. This new innovation also stimulates teachers and students to think about ways to connect their work, their school and the island communities of Taiwan. Ultimately, it will help teachers and students to look beyond the Taiwan community to interact with a more globalized world community.     

农村中小学教师心理压力的社会学探析

对福建省宁德市农村中小学5120名教师心理压力情况的调查表明:教师是一个高压力的职业群体。农村中小学教师承受着升学、工作、经济生活、竞争、社会等方面的压力,从社会学的角度探析农村中小学教师扮演普通社会成员、学校成员、学生社会文化传承者和自身社会化承受者四种不同角色所承担的义务与享有的权利、分析其心理压力产生机制,通过建立合理的评价体系、减轻负担和提高待遇的方式、建立社会环境的支持系统、农村教师自身的努力等方面的措施来缓解农村中小教师心理压力。     

北京市中小学学校组织文化的现状调查

基于对北京市5255名教师的问卷调查,本研究考察中小学学校组织文化的现状及其特点。研究表明:中小学学校组织文化的三个因素:教师文化、学校文化认同、校长文化,能较好地解释学校组织文化的结构;不同职业生涯发展阶段教师对学校组织文化的认知有所差异,其中6-10年教龄教师对学校组织文化的认同最低;中学和小学教师在学校组织文化的认知上有所差异,小学教师对于学校组织文化的认同度要普遍高于中学教师;不同性质的学校教师在学校组织文化的认知也有所差异,重点学校和薄弱学校教师对学校组织文化的认同度要明显高于普通学校的教师。     

Jocks,Teckers, and Nerds: The role of the adolescent peer group in the formation and maintenance of secondary school institutional culture

The adolescent peer group constitutes a vital component of the institutional culture of the contemporary secondary school. Formed among students and reinforced by administrators and teachers, it takes the form of a structured status hierarchy whose membership and boundaries are clearly understood within the school community. Individual students' perceptions of their positions within that hierarchy have the potential to impact significantly on their attitudes towards the institution they attend as well as the process of formal education. This study focuses on the attitudes and opinions expressed by 268 students attending two composite secondary schools in a mid‐sized Canadian city, and attempts to provide an insight into an aspect of secondary school education that is not often acknowledged by educators.     

Peer Mentoring by resource teachers in Zimbabwean schools

Mentoring is a learning and instructional strategy that could be used effectively, especially in the area of continuing professional development. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential and the capacity of teachers who function as resource teachers within the Zimbabwean secondary school system to mentor their peers. Nine case studies of active resource teachers were examined through in-depth interviews. It was found that the resource teachers were doing minimal mentoring activity in their everyday work as resource teachers. The activity is mostly in the form of dispensing information and organising workshops and demonstrating instructional strategies. Their potential as mentors could be enhanced by simply improving their work environment, developing critical personality traits that embody humility and ‘a culture to serve others’, and raising the level of professionalism among themselves, their peers, and their school managers through education.