全球化视域下中国体育发展的反思

近半个世纪以来,在"与国际接轨"的口号号召下,中国体育发展呈现出追随全球化潮流的趋势。目前,中国体育发展基本上是以欧美体育标准为主,而中国民族传统体育处于弱势地位。针对中国体育在全球化环境里的发展现状,反思中国现代体育发展存在的问题及民族传统体育人文缺失的状况。面对全球化中不可避免的体育同质化现象,构思中国未来体育的发展方向。     

海德格尔的存在主义思想与中国体育教育学研究

海德格尔的存在主义思想作为一种深刻的人本思想,重视人在研究中的地位与作用,关注人的生命价值,这与体育教育学的研究有着交集点。本研究运用文献资料法等,概要介绍了海德格尔的存在主义思想,并从海德格尔存在主义思想的视角就体育教育学研究中的概念理解、研究对象、研究内容、研究方法等基本理论问题进行了探讨,对中国体育教育学研究提出建设性意见。     

Applying the tourist area life cycle within sport tourism: the case of Stellenbosch and German athletes

The popular tourist town of Stellenbosch in South Africa has long been a favoured training destination for European athletes during the northern hemisphere winter months. This paper considers the case study of German athletes – one of the most prominent groups to train in Stellenbosch since the early 1990s. The analysis involves the application of the concept of the Tourist Area Life Cycle (TALC) to the town’s sport tourism offering. In this regard Stellenbosch continues to experience notable demographic changes, not all of which are related to tourism. The impact of these changes is considered in the context of the factors which have historically made the town a sought-after destination for high performance athletics training camps. Consequently this paper offers an analysis of Stellenbosch’s current and future attractiveness as far as this particular dimension of sport tourism is concerned. This is an important consideration given the availability of alternative training destinations both in South Africa and internationally.     

我国大学竞技体育可持续发展的对策研究

根据大学竞技体育运行和发展的规律,运用可持续发展的理念,对制约我国大学竞技体育可持续发展的因素进行分析.借鉴美国大学竞技体育发展的成功经验,结合我国的国情,立足于对我国高等教育和竞技体育管理体制进行锐意改革,探讨实现可持续发展目标的主要途径,构建大学竞技体育可持续发展的理论框架,论述发展机遇,提出战略措施与相应对策.     

20世纪80年代以来中国男子体操实力演变

对20世纪80年代以来中国男子体操的实力变化进行了研究。结果表明：中国男子体操实力变化经历了5个阶段：繁荣发展阶段、缓慢发展阶段、团体实力优势突显阶段、技术水平不稳定阶段和综合实力提升阶段。不断发展难新动作、时刻强化动作质量；加强梯队建设、培植科学合理的人才层次结构；善于从失败中总结经验是我国男子体操不断走向成功的关键所在。     

体育为何而存在?--20世纪80年代以来我国体育本质研究综述

体育为何而存在,其本质是什么?关于体育本质问题由来已久,国内外学者对之认识研究一直争论不一。文章就国内学者的诸多观点进行了总结分析,以使我们更好地认识体育的本质,推进体育学的研究。     

20世纪20年代我国体育话语权诉求的历史回顾

从历史学的角度,探讨了发生于20世纪20年代,我国为争取体育话语权的历时性过程.在这一过程中,通过发掘民族体育资源,以唤醒人们对我国近代体育话语权的广泛觉醒;通过各方努力,积极争取体育权益,打破了西方体育精英的组织垄断,强化了国人对体育活动的参与意识,从而促进了我国体育话语权的全面收回.     

Reliability and validity of the German language version of Girls' Disinclination for Physical Activity Scale

Abstract

The high prevalence of insufficient physical activity (PA) among adolescents is an important public health issue. Studying reasons for disliking PA might help researchers better understand its underlying mechanisms, yet this psychological construct has been understudied. This study established the psychometric properties of the German language version of the Girls' Disinclination for Physical Activity Scale (G-DAS-Ger). Data were collected on a sample of 257 adolescent girls in Austria (mean age: 13.0 ± 0.7 years) using the G-DAS-Ger and the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale. One week after the first assessment, the questionnaires were re-administered to 78 girls. Between two administrations, PA of 215 girls was monitored for seven consecutive days using the ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers. Confirmatory factor analysis of G-DAS-Ger showed good fit for a three-factor model (χ²/df = 2.025; Bollen–Stine (B-S) p = 0.159; root mean square error of approximation = 0.063; standardised root mean square residual = 0.054; comparative fit index = 0.950). Cronbach's alphas for G-DAS-Ger factors/subscales ranged 0.64–0.76. The test–retest reliability assessed by Spearman's rank correlation ranged 0.62–0.75. Only one subscale correlated significantly with vigorous-intensity PA (Spearman's rho = ?0.16) and none with moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA, which indicated poor predictive validity of the G-DAS-Ger. Correlations between G-DAS-Ger subscales and enjoyment of PA ranged from ?0.29 to ?0.41, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. The G-DAS-Ger may be used in its present form to assess disinclination for PA among adolescent girls in German-speaking countries. However, our results put into question the stability of the originally proposed factor structure of the questionnaire and its predictive validity among German-speaking adolescent girls. Methodological refinements to the G-DAS-Ger may be required to improve its psychometric properties in this population.     

20世纪80年代以来我国体育人口研究述评

通过对我国体育人口概念、划分标准、规模和结构分布、影响因素及对策研究等的考察,对20世纪80年代以来我国体育人口研究基本情况进行系统梳理。研究认为,体育人口研究始终是我国学术界研究的热点之一,其研究领域和内容不断扩展与丰富,在一些问题的研究上既取得基本共识也存在明显分歧,对一些重要问题的研究也明显深化,指出了我国体育人口研究存在的缺陷以及今后应该努力的方向。     

20世纪80—90年代中国运动心理学研究与发展述评

从 8个方面对 2 0世纪 80与 90年代中国运动心理学的发展进行了回顾。指出我国运动心理学研究时限长、影响大的亚范型研究主要集中在运动员的心理诊断、心理特征与选材以及运动员的心理咨询与心理训练这两大领域。并分别阐述了这两大领域内的主要研究成果 ,指出了存在的问题 ,并就未来研究的方向进行了展望。     

‘Defnyddiwch y Gymraeg’1: community sport as a vehicle for encouraging the use of the Welsh language

Abstract

Despite cultural and statutory changes, including significant investment in Welsh medium education, latest census data show a drop in the percentage of Welsh speakers. Moreover there is a concern that many of those who are able to speak Welsh are not using it – the language is not ‘alive’. The Welsh Language Commissioner has identified sport as a space where Welsh can be used, encouraged and promoted. The aim of this study was to investigate whether community sport clubs can provide a space to encourage the use of Welsh. Using qualitative methods we found that strategies to promote Welsh in sports clubs are potentially divisive. The dominant and ‘operational’ language of many community sport clubs is English. Increasing the use of Welsh in these clubs risks excluding non-Welsh speakers, but ignoring the language denies Welsh speakers the opportunity to participate in Welsh.     

Sex,drugs and science: the IOC’s and IAAF’s attempts to control fairness in sport

Abstract

This paper traces the history of two important policies in sport: rules against drugs and ‘ambiguous’ athletes in women’s events. We identify three phases in the work of the International Olympic Committee’s and International Amateur Athletic Federation’s medical committees: (1) from the mid-1960s to the 1970s, the medical grounding of the committees and the members’ worldviews encouraged the groups to enlist scientific techniques to solve drug use and sex ambiguity issues; (2) from the 1970s to the 1980s, administrative confusion underscored both committees, but scientific personnel gained legitimacy and furthered their own agendas; and (3) from the 1980s to the mid-1980s, the seeds of diversion in sex and drug tests were sown. The central finding of this study is that the stakeholders who shaped anti-doping and sex testing policies took for granted concerns regarding ethics and instead increasingly relied upon medical, scientific, and technical practices to define and control fairness in sport.     

民族传统体育参与新农村体育建设研究

探讨民族传统体育参与新农村体育建设的相关问题.民族传统体育参与新农村体育建设的意义在于,提高农民健康水平,促进经济发展,促进农村体育资源最大化,有利于突出文化特色和促进“乡风文明”建设.在此基础上,对民族传统体育参与新农村建设的原则、目标和模式进行探索,并提出对策,为新农村体育建设提供参考.     

Should toddlers and preschoolers participate in organized sport? A scoping review of developmental outcomes associated with young children’s sport participation

ABSTRACT

Organized sport is offered at increasingly younger ages, with many programs geared towards preschoolers, toddlers, and infants. While sport is promoted as an amendable context for healthy development of school-age children, little is empirically known about potential benefits or risks associated with organized sport participation in early childhood. A scoping review of nine electronic databases identified English-language, peer-reviewed, original research articles which addressed psychological, emotional, social, cognitive, or intellectual developmental outcomes of organized sport involvement of children aged 2–5 years; included studies were appraised for quality. Findings offer preliminary evidence that early sport participation is related to primarily positive outcomes (e.g. enhanced social skills, pro-social behaviours, self-regulation), while negative and inconclusive outcomes were also identified. Results suggest limited existing research has primarily relied on parent or teacher proxy-report or assessment, and reinforces that little is known about toddler and preschooler organized sport participation as a distinct form of physical activity, despite pervasive availability of programming, and positive parental perceptions of early enrolment. Additional research with stronger methodological design and rigor is needed; recommendations to enhance the quality of future studies with young children are discussed.     

Scandinavian women’s football: the importance of male and female pioneers in the development of the sport

ABSTRACT

The importance of female and male pioneers in the development of women’s football in Scandinavia is in focus, where some of the female pioneers’ experiences presented. Sif Kalvø from Western Norway was the first known Scandinavian female football player who played abroad in Italy in 1971, and she was one of the pioneers. She was dependent on door openers in Norway and abroad. The door openers role, in making professional football possible; how the professional contracts came through; and why the Scandinavian female footballers went global in the early phases, discussed. To study this the Norwegian Mother of Women’s football, Målfrid Kuvås, and other female pioneer footballers are in-depth interviewed. Kuvås’ large collection of scrapbooks with media coverage, letters and other correspondence from the 1960s to 2000s are also studied. Qualitative in-depth interviews carried out, with five of the early professionals and five of the leaders involved in the migration processes. Secondary sources are academic literature and sport media. The dream about playing professional football, and to be able to live from football brought female players across the globe. Due to this, migration research is of interest when studying women’s football, and ‘push’- and ‘pull’- factors in migration are discussed.     

从日本健康体育行政机构谈我国全民健身计划的推广

基于借鉴、学习和发展的基本思考,介绍了日本现有的健康体育行政组织机构,并对我国全民健身计划推广提出个人的意见和看法.     

Ideologizing Nanga Parbat: High-Altitude Mountaineering and German Nationalism in the 1930s

In late 1998, the IOC was gripped in a state of crisis by allegations that the Salt Lake City bid committee used cash, college scholarships and other benefits to entice some IOC members to support the city in its ultimately successful quest to host the 2002 Olympic Winter Games. An engaged international media flayed the IOC relentlessly through to March 1999 until the organization expelled a number of its members who had contravened its rules. The IOC's recovery operation took a calendar year, and eventually encompassed fifty reform measures to its Olympic Charter. This paper explores the efforts of (then) IOC Vice-President and Marketing Commission Chairman Richard Pound to manage discussions with anxious CEOs of the IOC's major corporate sponsors. Pound dedicated much time to dialogue with the most vociferous, and critical, of the CEOs, John Hancock's David D'Alessandro. We examined archival and newspapers sources to assess the key roles Pound and D'Alessandro played in the IOC's efforts to confront the crisis. Pound's credibility with the sponsors and media served the IOC well, while D'Alessandro's strident criticism afforded the IOC leadership no opportunity to back away from meaningful reform.