Rugby and Revivalism: Sport and Religion in Edwardian Wales

At the turn of the twentieth century two great forces gripped Wales, a nation grappling to assert itself and discover its modern identity. A powerful rugby team captured the nation's imagination just as an unprecedented religious revival swept the land. The conflicts between these social trends would prove a battle for the heart and soul of Welsh people.     

Football,identity, place: The emergence of Rugby football in Brisbane

Today we accept that football in its various forms is the predominant winter sport in Brisbane; in fact, it is reasonable to state that this is true globally. This paper examines the construction of identity of Brisbane and its people through football in the colony of Queensland during the 1880s. It demonstrates the centrality of sport in this process. The struggle over the choice of football code illustrates how sport was a feature of contested social and cultural terrains and how support for a game was a source of the construction of the identity of initially Brisbane and later Queensland. The paper further illustrates the centrality of the role of sport in the cultural hegemony of British imperialism and of the predominance of the ideology of athleticism in the public schools of colonial Australia.     

The Archive,the Press and Victorian Football: The Case of the Glasgow Charity Cup1

History depends on sources. Using the local press and the limited archive of the Scottish Football Association, this article attempts to weigh up conflicting evidence on the origins of the Glasgow Charity Cup, a pioneering Scottish football tournament. While demonstrating the significance of Glasgow for the Victorian game in Britain, it highlights the difficulty of establishing ‘the facts’ from the fragmented, partisan and frequently contradictory material that historians work with.     

Ashbrooke Whit Sports,Sunderland and Its Records: A Case Study of Amateurism in Late Victorian and Edwardian Athletic and Cycling Competition

Ordinary sports clubs and their annual sports have been largely ignored by historians of sport, whose focus has been largely on more mega-events and on larger clubs, and on the twentieth century rather than earlier periods. This paper provides a rare case study of a local athletic sports meeting, in late Victorian and early Edwardian north-east England, using club records, newspaper, census and other record-linkage material, and setting it in its local and national context. By doing so it shows how it is possible to shed light on its organisation and club membership; the age, status and home locations of competitors, and the linkages with other athletic and cycling clubs in the area. More importantly it also explores the vexed question of the ways in which amateurism functioned in areas less influenced by the middle classes of the metropolis and elite clubs, which have hitherto dominated discussion.     

Establishing a professional Rugby Union Football League in the USA: Managing institutional pluralism in sport entrepreneurship

Given the growth of sport leagues globally, we sought to understand how sport entrepreneurs addressed institutional plurality as they worked to establish a new professional sport league in the USA. Drawing on institutional pluralism, we critically examine two efforts to establish professional rugby union football leagues in the USA. Pluralism resulted in tensions among rugby stakeholders. While both leagues sought to reconcile tensions through institutional infrastructure work, one of the leagues garnered more stakeholder support as it was attentive to more institutional contexts. The other league’s infrastructure work was limited and resulted in the alienation of many important rugby stakeholders. Our research demonstrates the theoretical and practical importance of institutional infrastructure work within sport entrepreneurship, especially when navigating institutional pluralism.     

从古典游戏到维多利亚时代风俗：英式足球在中国的复合式传播

现代足球在中国传播得并不顺畅,足球以游戏的方式深刻地干预了中国人的精神世界,并间接地影响到中国社会的现代化进程。足球在传入香港和上海时,一度有过体教不分离的情况,并融合有书卷气和尚武精神,这种传统在日后却遭遇到解体。足球流入中国有传教士、水手和学校3种动能和途径。3种足球的传输方式都带有一种柔化的文化风范,并有效地促进了中国体育乃至社会的进步,强化了中国人对英式法系的理解。现代足球产生于英国的维多利亚时期,维多利亚时期的英国缔造出了继古典奥运会之后人类体育发展的第二座高峰。快速实现了工业化的英国带动了橡胶业的发展,而橡胶工业对足球内胆的品质改进作用十分明显,足球在中国的传播自然带有维多利亚时代的风俗意味。现代足球对中国的影响主要体现在规则意识方面。足球在中国的传播显然超越了体育规程,具有综合性的社会与文化价值。     

高中足球选项课理论教学CAI课件的设计与应用

计算机多媒体辅助教学推动着现有体育教学模式向多元化、社会化及现代化发展,其必将成为高中体育教育中一种有效的、现代化的教学手段。通过对足球教学CAI课件的设计与应用的研究,探索在高中体育教学中应用多媒体CAI课件的教学模式。     

职业足球、社会足球和校园足球的关系研究

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法讨论职业足球、社会足球和校园足球的关系。认为:校园足球不仅可以为职业足球培养后备人才,还能丰富社会足球的人员组成结构;职业足球可以为社会足球和校园足球提供相应的指导;社会足球可以营造"足球热"气氛,使更多的人参与进来,扩大足球人口;促进足球产业发展,繁荣足球市场,为职业足球更好的发展提供了基础,并扩展校园足球的发展空间。     

It Wasn't Just Emily Davison! Sport,Suffrage and Society in Edwardian Britain

The suffragette Emily Davison was killed by King George V's horse during the 1913 Epsom Derby while trying to draw attention to the campaign for women's suffrage. However, this much-publicized and shocking incident was not the only connection between sport and political protest in the early twentieth century. This paper will show how British suffragettes carried out a series of violent acts against sport and sportsmen that were unparalleled in the English-speaking world. At the same time it will demonstrate that female suffragists, like many Edwardian women, took part in a wide variety of sports, suggesting that it was possible to be both a feminist and a sportswoman.     

学术研究与中国足球发展的关系

对 198 0年— 2 0 0 0年国内 30种体育期刊发表的有关足球技术、战术、体能、心理、体制、战略、伤病、训练方法 ,青少年足球 ,重大比赛统计分析三个研究方向的论文进行统计研究。研究结果显示 ,在 2 1年中我国这三个研究方向论文的发表量呈上升趋势 ,但发表总量偏低。对常规技术层面的问题研究较多 ,而忽视了对影响中国足球可持续发展的宏观战略、体制、青少年战术意识和传球、体能、犯规等中国足球较薄弱环节的深入研究。中国足球学术研究的相对滞后与中国足球 2 1年的进步速度有着密切的关系 ,应引起高度重视。     

Television match officials,referees, and home advantage: Evidence from the European Rugby Cup

The regulation of on-field competition by officials is an important aspect of the management of sport. Increasingly, sports are providing technological support for officials to aid their decision making. In this paper, the authors analyse the impact of such an innovation by exploring the impact of the introduction and subsequent extended role of the television match official on the award of sanctionable offences of players in matches played in the group stages of the European Rugby Cup (ERC) and European Rugby Champions Cup (ERCC) over 15 seasons from 2000/01 to 2015/16. Rugby Union is an important sport to reflect upon because of the central role that the referee plays in rule interpretation and game management and the level of home advantage tends to be relatively high in the sport. Indeed, 65% of all matches in the sample analysed resulted in home wins. Results suggest that crowd effects and referee experience influence referee decisions, but the effects vary depending on the type of incident being considered. The main finding and contribution of the paper is that the introduction of the television match official has influenced the incidence of sanctions issued to both teams. However, the increase in the number of yellow cards awarded to away teams implies that home bias has increased since the introduction of the television match official. This suggests that referees may have been consciously or unconsciously seeking to avoid contributing to home bias before the introduction of a further official who is remote from the effects of the crowd. Recognising that such an adjustment takes place according to the circumstances is important information for the training of officials; particularly as a television match official may not be present in all games that they will referee.     

Football,Masculinities and Health on the Gaza Strip

This analysis is built on two questions: first, what discourses of a masculinity of resistance maintaining a sense of normality under abnormal conditions are drawn from the interviews of the footballers referred to in this article, and second, to what extent is football experienced as and felt to be a ‘free space of health’ for the Gaza players in a context of war and blockade and in relation to the situation before 2007. To answer these questions, the author interviewed, during July 2011, male athletes, coaches and managers in nine football clubs in Khan Younis and Gaza City. She also conducted 18 qualitative interviews during November 2011 with footballers in the two top Gaza leagues in Rafah, Khan Younis, Gaza City and Shati Prison Camp.