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1.
本文在西部甲省20个县(50个乡镇)的抽样调查基础上,对农村基层学区人事管理体制和教师激励机制进行实证分析。研究发现,人事权力的配置与教师激励机制存在密切关系。由县教育局任命学区校长、并且由学区校长调配学区内教师的权力格局,比较有利于基层教师激励机制的建立;而人事权力的过度集中,或者县教育局和乡镇政府进行交叉控制,都不利于基层学区对教师的管理与激励。  相似文献   

2.
This paper estimates the impact of the Michigan school finance reform, Proposal A, on education inputs and test scores. Using a difference-in-difference estimation strategy, I find that school districts in Michigan used the increase in educational spending generated through Proposal A to increase teacher salaries and reduce class size to a smaller extent. Then, using the foundation allowance created by Proposal A as an instrument, I estimate the causal effect of increased spending on 4th and 7th grade math scores for two test measures – a scaled score and a percent satisfactory measure – and find positive effects of increased spending on 4th grade test scores. A 60% increase in spending increases the percent satisfactory score by one standard deviation. The positive impact of expenditures on test performance seems largely due to higher teacher salaries.  相似文献   

3.
This paper is a reflection on the way that a background in sociocultural theory and research actually saved my teaching career by allowing me to shift from being a dispenser of knowledge to a cultural neophyte attempting to understand where he is. Teaching then is understood as a reading exercise which is undertaken in a particular place which itself needs to be read by the effective teacher. This is a narrative inquiry into practice which represents an attempt to understand my own teaching career in the light of Frank Smith's (1984) provocative essay “How education backed the wrong horse” in which he argues that anthropology would have made a better choice for a foundational discipline for education than psychology. I conclude with some thoughts on what this perspective implies for literacy instruction.  相似文献   

4.
《教育世界》是我国最早的教育专业杂志,是第一个向国人系统地传播西方教育的窗口。它积极引入西方的教育制度、教育思想、极大地冲南啊旧的封建教育思想和教育体制,对清末新教育的发展起了重要作用。  相似文献   

5.
Teacher education and development takes place within an encompassing local system of education and ongoing forms of school improvement. Critical to successful teacher development when Western ideas are being adopted in other cultures is narratively linking development programmes to this local education system, such as in China, and to its culturally established ways of knowing and being. This paper presents a narrative inquiry approach to teacher development that builds on the existing educational system, ongoing school reforms, and culturally established ways of knowing and being. The paper concludes with the potential of teacher development to shape global values that may be shared among cultures.  相似文献   

6.
We discuss the eight papers in this issue of Cultural Studies of Science Education focusing on the debate over conceptual change in science education and explore the issues that have emerged for us as we consider how conceptual change research relates to our practice as science educators. In presenting our interpretations of this research, we consider the role of participants in the research process and contextual factors in conducting research on science conceptions, and draw implications for the teaching of science.
Christina SiryEmail:

Christina Siry   is a PhD student in the Urban Education program of the City University of New York, and an instructor at Manhattanville College. Her research interests focus on pre-service and in-service preparation for the teaching of science and she is currently researching the use of coteaching and cogenerative dialogue in elementary teacher preparation for the teaching of science. In particular, she is exploring the role that shared, supported teaching experiences can have in the construction of new teacher identity and solidarity. She has worked as an elementary science specialist teaching children in grades K-5, and in museum settings developing science programs for teachers and children. In addition to the position at Manhattanville College, Chris is a lecturer in the University of Pennsylvania’s Science Teacher Institute where she teaches science pedagogy to middle school teachers. Gail Horowitz   is an instructor of chemistry at Yeshiva University, and a doctoral candidate in science education at Teachers College. For many years, she has been involved in research and curricular design within the organic chemistry laboratory setting, focusing specifically on the design of discovery or puzzle based experiments. Her doctoral research focuses on the intrinsic motivation of pre-med students. She is interested in trying to characterize and describe the academic goal orientations of pre-med students, and is interested in exploring how the curricular elements embedded in project based laboratory curricula may or may not serve to enhance their intrinsic motivation. Femi S. Otulaja   is currently a PhD student and an adjunct professor of science teacher education at Queens College of the City University of New York. As a science teacher educator, his research interests focus on the use of cogenerative dialoguing and its residuals, such as coteaching, distributed leadership, culturally responsive pedagogy, as research and pedagogical tools for engaging, training and apprenticing urban middle and high schools pre- and in-service science teachers as legitimate peripheral participants. He also encourages the use of these modalities as assessment, evaluation and professional development tools for teaching and learning science and for realigning cultural misalignments in urban classrooms. His theoretical framework consists of a bricolage of participatory action research, constructivism, critical ethnography, cultural sociology, sociology of emotions, indigenous epistemology, culturally responsive pedagogy, critical pedagogy and conversation analyses. In addition, he advocates the use of technologies as assistive tools in teaching science. Nicole Gillespie   is a Senior Program Officer at the Knowles Science Teaching Foundation (KSTF). She is a former naval officer and high school physics teacher. Nicole received her PhD in science education from the University of California, Berkeley in 2004 where she was supported by a Spencer Dissertation Fellowship. She worked with the Physics Education Group at the University of Washington and conducted research on students’ intuitive ideas about force and model-based reasoning and argumentation among undergraduate physics students at Berkeley. In addition to her work at KSTF, Nicole is an instructor in the University of Pennsylvania’s Science Teacher Institute. Ashraf Shady   is a PhD candidate in the Urban Education program at the City University of New York Graduate Center; his strand of concentration is science, math, and technology. In his research he is currently using theoretical frameworks from cultural sociology and the sociology of emotion to examine how learning and teaching of science are enacted when students and their teachers are able to co-participate in culturally adaptive ways and use their social and symbolic capital successfully. His research interests focus on the use of cogenerative dialogues as a methodology to navigate cultural fields in urban education. Central to his philosophy as a science educator is the notion that teaching is a form of cultural enactment. As such, teaching, and learning are regarded as cultural production, reproduction, and transformation. This triple dialectic affirms that elements of culture are associated with the sociocultural backgrounds of participating stakeholders. Line A. Augustin   received her doctorate degree in Chemistry (with a chapter of her dissertation on a case study of enactment of chemical knowledge of a high school student) and did a post-doc on Science Education at the Graduate Center, CUNY. She is currently teaching science content and methods courses in the Elementary and Early Childhood Education Department of Queens College, CUNY. She is interesting in investigating how racial, cultural, class and gender issues affect the ways that teaching and learning occurs in elementary classrooms, in understanding these issues and developing mechanism by which they can be utilized to promote better teaching and learning environment and greater dispositions towards science. She is also interested in what influences science teachers to change and/or to improve their teaching practices.  相似文献   

7.
In 2001 the Italian tertiary education system embarked in a broad process of reform. The main novelty brought by the reform was a reduction of the length of study to get a first level degree together with the introduction of a two-years, second level, master degree. This paper aims at studying the effects of the reform in terms of fairness. To this end, we first define fairness criteria following a well developed theory of equality of opportunity, we then discuss existing inequality measures consistent with these criteria, we show their relationship, and adapt them to the educational framework. We finally employ this set of measures to show the evolution of fairness in the access to university in Italy before and after the reform. Although not all fairness measures we estimated show a higher degree of fairness after the reform, the large majority does, suggesting a positive effect of the reform under a vast range of possible definitions of fairness.  相似文献   

8.
Much of VET policy internationally draws on a toolkit that has been seriously questioned for its logic, international relevance and effectiveness by considerable amounts of academic research. Reflecting primarily on our experiences of leading a complex, multi-country policy study, we develop an account that seeks to explore ways in which the apparent incommensurability between academic and policy knowledge can be addressed. This leads on to a broader discussion of key issues of contestation in the debates about knowledge for policy as they relate to international education and development more generally. We consider three key turns in the discourse of international education policy and research: to “governing by numbers”, “what works” and policy learning, and ask what happens when these discursive trends travel to Southern and VET contexts. We suggest that this analysis implies that policymakers need both to be more modest and reflexive in their expectations of what knowledge can be mobilised for policy purposes and more serious in their commitment to supporting the generation of the types of knowledge that they claim to value. For international and comparative educators, we stress the importance of being clearer in seeking to shape research agendas; more rigorous in our approaches to research; and better in our external communication of our findings. Given the particular focus of this special issue on VET, we end by reiterating the particular challenge of reawakening research on VET-for-development from twenty years of slumber.  相似文献   

9.
10.
教师作为影响学生发展的重要他人,其在以创新为目标的学校教育中的关系及作用机制日益受到关注,从师源性的角度去剖析影响学生创新的障碍,主要包括:培养内容的失衡、教育观念的偏见、培育环境的专制、评价方式的单一、创新人格的缺失、情感的匮乏以及情绪的焦虑,解读这些核心因素及对策,并明确教师创新的激励机制,从而调动教师的创新积极性,以期促进创新教育的实施。  相似文献   

11.
教育扩展与教育分配:中国经验研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
利用我国31个省(自治区、直辖市)1996~2003年的混合截面数据,对我国教育扩展过程中的教育分配问题进行实证研究。研究结果表明,我国教育扩展与教育分配不平等之间存在显著的倒U型关系,并且目前我国正处在教育扩展的中间阶段。各地区在倒U型曲线上所处的位置会影响其教育和收入分配政策的有效性,因此,各地区应依据其在倒U型曲线上的位置,制定未来经济发展中的教育政策。  相似文献   

12.
近年来,中国在承接发达国家外包的同时,又大量进口发达国家产品作为中间投入,目前外包已经成为我国加速融入全球分工体系的重要媒介。但是,相比发达国家,我们对外包冲击劳动力市场的认识还很模糊,国外发展外包过程中劳动力市场的对应性调整会否也在中国这样一个劳动力禀赋丰裕的国家再次出现尚无定论。本文以中国发包方的视角,整体和分组检验了材料外包、服务外包和狭义材料外包对中国28个制造业行业内部工资差距的影响。结果表明,材料外包和狭义材料外包显著提升了我国制造业熟练劳动力的工资份额,而服务外包的影响不显著。随着制造业对进口中间投入品,特别是在技术密集型产品生产行业中来自本行业的中间投入品的需求迅速增加,熟练劳动力的需求和工资进一步上升。在初级产品生产行业中,国内R&D投资的增加扩大了相对工资差距,而技术进步的作用不显著;在劳动和资源密集型产品生产行业以及技术密集型产品生产行业中,资本节约型技术进步能够缩小相对工资差距,而进口贸易的R&D溢出对行业工资差距的扩大有显著的促进作用。  相似文献   

13.
利用2008年全国综合调查数据,本研究考察并计量了1978-2008年我国各级教育个人收益中的文凭效应,并对不同劳动力市场及工作经历下的文凭效应进行了比较分析。研究发现,我国个人教育收益中存在显著的文凭效应,高中、大专以及本科毕业的文凭效应分别为29.6%、27.6%、35.3%;个人教育收益率存在不连续跳跃现象,受教育的第13年的收益率增幅最大,第16年的收益率最高;各级教育的文凭效应在次要劳动力市场并不明显,大专和本科教育的文凭效应在主要劳动力市场显著;工作经历对文凭效应具有调节作用,降低了较低层级和提高了较高层级教育的文凭效应。本研究发现对国家教育经济政策和学生个人的教育选择具有参考价值。  相似文献   

14.
In this paper, two teacher educators work to understand their attempts to transform teacher–student relations by altering traditional grading practices. Using actor-network theory, the authors examine the social effects produced across and throughout a school of education when they changed the meaning and significance of grades. Detailed analysis of retrospective reflections (narratives and dialogue) reveals the deeply ingrained and broadly interconnected role that traditional understandings of grades play in defining and stabilizing identities and responsibilities. The specific outcomes here reveal the authors’ complicity in the failure of their own change effort and offer implications for teacher educators attempting change.  相似文献   

15.
以1987-2013年教育部"工作要点"为研究对象,通过文本分析的方法,根据"工作要点"体现的价值类型和价值内容将教育部行政活动分为以"政治价值比例波动性明显"、"管理价值比例遥遥领先"和"法律价值比例日益增大、日趋平稳"为特征的三个阶段;并总结出"管理价值是我国教育行政的主导价值,但政治和法律价值的地位日趋重要"等五个教育部行政活动的价值特征;在此基础上,结合相关历史背景,揭示出"教育部行政活动必须遵从执政党的意志"、"教育部行政活动不断体现弱势群体利益"、"教育部行政活动客观上维护了教育部的部门利益"、"教育部的行政改革进程较为缓慢"等教育部行政活动的基本逻辑。  相似文献   

16.
Peter Colenso 《Compare》2005,35(4):411-428
There is increasing interest in understanding and describing the links between education and ‘social cohesion’. However, the theoretical and empirical base for understanding these links is limited. There is also a shortage of practical tools for education policy‐makers and planners, to help them assess the impact of policies and investments, and to plan for future reform. This paper describes the initial development of an analytical and planning framework for addressing education and social cohesion within the context of a sector‐wide approach to education reform in Sri Lanka. A brief literature review suggests three inter‐connected domains in which links between education and social cohesion might be usefully analysed, together with three working hypotheses: (i) political economy/governance: education affects social cohesion through transparency and participation in education policy formulation, planning and management; (ii) equity/equality of opportunity: education affects social cohesion through the distribution of education resources, opportunities and outcomes; (iii) teaching/learning: education affects social cohesion through the development of certain competencies in students. Drawing on this analytical framework, research conducted in Sri Lanka is used to identify a set of interventions to promote social cohesion, with corresponding baseline, process and outcome indicators as benchmarks for measuring the progress and impact of intended policy measures. This process is described within the context of a ‘sector‐wide approach’ to education reform, intended to bring together the activities of the government and external partners within a single comprehensive medium‐term planning and budgetary framework.  相似文献   

17.
Abstract

Improving administrative efficiency is the core problem in administrative governance. This case study of quota allocation policy implementation in City A reveals that a set of education policy implementation and incentive mechanisms revolving around responsibility contracts and target evaluations has already taken shape, to guarantee effective policy implementation. However, these highly efficient policy implementation and incentive methods were established on the foundation of quantified policy goals, while nonmeasurable, nonperformance-based targets such as the goal of educational equality suffer the problem of ineffective incentive. Therefore, in pursuing the goal of educational equality, it is necessary to explore more possibilities for implementation and incentive of education policies.  相似文献   

18.
廖朝华 《中学教育》2010,(8):15-19,32
通过对云南省鲁甸县的特岗教师职业状况调查发现:特岗教师在工资收入上基本达到国家规定,大部分特岗教师认为待遇偏低;教学能力提高的最主要途经是参加工作后的自身教学实践和探索,在需要提高的知识与技能方面,不同的特岗教师各有侧重;选择特岗教师职业的原因排在前二位的是:解决就业和认为自身特点适合当教师;在专业发展上希望能获得更多的发展机会与空间;大部分特岗教师认为自身社会地位一般,对西部教育作用很大,职业满意度较高。  相似文献   

19.
美国密歇根州立大学Mishra和Koehler首创的设计型教师教育课程,提倡"通过设计学习技术"来推进教师的TPACK知识发展,是一种代表性的新型教师教育课程。通过文献分析揭示出该教师课程的本质特征:其理论缘起于对"设计"与TPACK发展之间内在关联的深刻认识;其课程模式采取基于"深度玩耍"的设计型学习;其课程活动遵循"微型设计→大型设计→TPACK整体反思"的螺旋上升式。设计型教师教育课程对于我国教师教育技术能力培养具有重要的启示:在教师的发展定位上,从技术"消费者"转向技术"设计者";在课程内容上,从普适的技术"处方"转向整体的TPACK"境脉";在课程活动上,从技术应用的传授灌输转向技术设计的深度体验。  相似文献   

20.
本文基于东中西部13省四学段各类相关人员的调研,采用问卷调查、访谈和文本分析的混合研究方法,对高中绩效工资政策实施现状、困境和改进等问题进行了调查研究,得到了如下结论:当前高中绩效工资参照义务教育学校绩效工资制度实施效果不佳,绩效工资激励存在多方位欠缺,尤其不能有效保障高中优秀骨干教师的工资待遇,导致优秀骨干教师流失加剧。本研究从绩效工资总量水平、考核指标设置、绩效工资经济激励单一性等方面,分析了产生上述问题的原因,并提出了如下改进建议:完善高中教师绩效工资制,提高高中绩效工资总量,并形成增长机制;释放高中绩效工资经济激励效应,推行高中教师新绩效工资制度改革;结合学生综合素质评价法的运用,努力增强教师绩效考核的科学性和公平性。  相似文献   

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