Public value creation through voluntary business to government information sharing enabled by digital infrastructure innovations: a framework for analysis

Public value creation is traditionally considered as the citizens' collective expectations with respect to government and public services. Recent e-government literature indicates that what exactly constitutes public value in digital government is still debated. Whereas previous research acknowledges aspects such as co-production and the orchestration role of government in the context of public value creation, there is only a limited understanding of how public value is created by the interactions between government and business actors, and the role digital technologies play in that process. Furthermore, so far, research into public value creation processes is limited to specific services that aim to meet a specific goal; for a more complete view, an integrative perspective is required to address the multiplicity of goals. Societal challenges including climate change, sustainability, and the transition towards circularity will require governments to play a crucial role. Businesses are also transforming their vision by adding societal goals to their economic objectives and contributing to these societal challenges. This necessitates even more the need to explicitly consider the role of business in public value creation processes. In this paper we argue that there is a need to understand public value creation as an interactive process, involving both government and business actors. In this process, voluntary information sharing enabled by digital infrastructures has the potential to contribute to the value creation processes, but the increased complexity of digital technologies obscures the effects they can have on value creation. Therefore, we develop a framework that allows to reason about public value creation as an interactive process, involving government and businesses, facilitated by voluntary information sharing. The framework also allows to reason about how the technological design choices of the underlying digital infrastructure influence this value creation process. For the framework development, we use an in-depth case study from the domain of international trade. We analyze the interactions between customs authorities and supply chain actors for jointly creating public value related to revenue collection, as well as safety and security of goods entering the European Union, using business data made available via a global blockchain-enabled infrastructure. In future research, the framework that we developed can be used to analyze more complex cases with additional public value aspects, such as sustainability and circularity.     

数字图书馆信息服务视角下著作权立法的多元价值取向的辩证分析

针对我国数字图书馆信息服务视角下的著作权立法在自由、正义、秩序和效率上的多元价值取向的具体体现,运用矛盾的同一性和斗争性的辩证关系原理、矛盾及其同一性和斗争性在事物发展中的作用原理、矛盾发展的不平衡性原理和量变质变规律等辩证法原理,探讨我国数字图书馆信息服务视角下的著作权立法的价值选择问题,为制定适合我国国情的数字图书馆信息服务视角下的著作权法建言献策。     

政务抖音档案化:价值、主体与路径

在短视频爆发式发展的背景下,政务抖音异军突起,成为公共管理部门提供政务服务和与民众互动交流的重要平台,产生了大量数字信息资料。政务抖音是否需要档案化和如何档案化成了档案馆亟待解决的问题。鉴于此,文章阐述了政务抖音档案化的概念和价值,梳理了政务抖音档案化的主体及其关系,并提出政务抖音档案化的路径。     

Supporting self-evaluation in local government via Knowledge Discovery and Data mining

The business sector has already recognized the importance of information flow for good management, with many businesses adopting new technology in data mining and data warehousing for intelligent operation based on free flow of information. Free flow of information in government agencies is just as important. For example, in child welfare, entities that fund social services programs have increasingly demanded improved outcomes for clients in return for continued financial support. To this end, most child welfare agencies are paying more attention to the outcomes of children in their care. In North Carolina, many county departments of social services have successfully adopted the self-evaluation model to monitor the effects of their programs on the outcomes of children. Such efforts in self-evaluation require good information flow from state division of social services to county departments of social services. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive KDD (Knowledge Discovery and Data mining) information system that could upgrade information flow in government agencies. We present the key elements of the information system and demonstrate how such a system could be successfully implemented via a case study in North Carolina. The next generation infrastructure in digital government must incorporate such information system to enable effective information flow in government agencies without compromising individual privacy.     

Boundary Objects/Boundary Staff: Supporting Digital Scholarship in Academic Libraries

In response to the increased construction of digital scholarship infrastructure in academic libraries this article articulates a new staffing model for the management of digital platforms in the academic library environment. Based on two cases, this article discusses the increased use of digital infrastructure in pedagogy by Library Special Collections at UCLA, and the workflow pressures these infrastructures created that challenge traditional staff roles. Digital infrastructures are then framed as types of boundary object, catering to multiple communities of practice. In order to tend to these boundary infrastructures, a new staffing model has been introduced—that of the boundary staff—whose primary purpose would be to support these hybrid infrastructures and more effectively integrate them into the general library environment. This approach to digital project collaboration can set the stage for more flexible and innovative digital instruction, building on the current skillsets of library staff to facilitate new modes of faculty and librarian partnerships.     

Government Information Locator System and Government Information Management in the United States

20世纪90年代中期以后,随着电子政府服务的发展,美国联邦政府一些跨机构工作小组开始致力于政府信息定位服务(GILS)的相关调查研究,并在大量合作项目的基础上构建起联邦政府的GILS框架。此后,美国各州政府和机构也在此基础上探索构建了各具特色的GILS服务。GILS现已逐渐融合到美国电子政府整体建设之中,不仅通过因特网为公民提供政府数字信息,而且还可提供广泛的政府服务。各种类型的GILS服务之间的交流与合作也在积极展开。     

Archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities for digital records in South Africa

Some public entities in South Africa have implemented digital records systems over a period of 20 years. In terms of the South African archival legal framework, there is a need for such entities to transfer the records into archival custody. However, there is consensus among researchers that there is no infrastructure to ingest digital records into archival custody in South Africa. Furthermore, some public entities have migrated from one system to another since implementation and there is a possibility that records might have been lost during migration. This study demonstrates through literature review the unconscious archival orthodoxy of post-custodial realities in South Africa. The study recommends that public entities should apply for exemption from archival legislation in order to develop an interim solution for the preservation of digital records. The National Archives and Records Service of South Africa (NARSSA) is also encouraged to develop a policy on distributed custody to allow government entities to create interim solutions for preserving digital records. Both public entities and NARSSA should invest in capacity development, including training and provision of sustainable infrastructure required to preserve digital records. It is hoped that this study will influence policy-making with regard to custody of digital records.     

国外基于网格技术的数字图书馆内容与应用的比较研究

本文详细介绍了国外基于网格技术的数字图书馆研究项目的研究内容与应用领域,并对这些项目的研究内容与应用领域进行了系统的比较研究。最后,借鉴国外基于网格技术的数字图书馆的研究成果,对下一代数字图书馆的研究内容与应用领域的发展趋势与面临问题进行了分析、总结,并对我国今后数字图书馆的研究内容与应用领域提出了建议。     

Governance in the digital age: A research and action framework for an uncertain future

Research into relationships among government, society and technology has grown substantially over the past 30 years. However, most research and most advances in practice address narrowly defined categories of concern such as government organization, citizen services, interoperability, or personal privacy. By contrast, the future presents complex and dynamic challenges that demand a more holistic and flexible perspective, including consideration of what constitutes an appropriate infrastructure for continued development of government and governance in the digital age. This paper outlines a conceptual framework for considering the future, drawn from a stakeholder-driven investigation into potential scenarios of society and government. The framework reflects a dynamic socio-technical system encompassing interactions among societal trends, human elements, changing technology, information management, interaction and complexity, and the purpose and role of government.     

A critique of Korean National Information Strategy: Case of national information infrastructures

In 2004, the Korean government launched the IT839 project with the objective of converting Korea into a ubiquitous information society. This study investigates the role of the Korean government in the development of the national information infrastructure and the realization of IT839 vision. This paper reviews the historic and individual data related to the infrastructure project, draws on the social construction of technology theory as a framework for interpreting such data, traces the transformations and translation of this data in the public, political, and social discourse, and discusses the next generation of information infrastructure. Findings imply that despite optimistic prospects and proactive drive, uncertainty still remains with respect to where IT839 will evolve and how it will impact the new information milieu.     

新一代机构知识库的关键技术和发展趋势研究

[目的/意义] 通过调研国内外新一代机构知识库的研究现状和服务需求，分析关键技术和功能特点，提出发展趋势，为建设新一代机构知识库发展提供建议。[方法/过程] 通过文献研究对机构知识库技术和功能发展趋势进行总结，并根据相关研究成果，分析新一代机构知识库的11个关键技术、标准和协议。最后通过研究和实践经验提出新一代机构知识库在框架、功能、服务目标等方面的发展趋势。[结果/结论] 新一代机构知识库发展趋势包括：从机构学术仓储到机构信息基础设施；从自存档到自动提交；从独立平台到与科研管理系统融合与发展；从学术成果管理平台到学术资源服务中心；从学术成果数据检索到大数据语义研究支持；从成果存档到新型学术交流社区；从应用计量指标到建立全新学术评价体系。     

高校数字图书馆建设新思考

针对目前数字图书馆建设中在资源共享和服务重用等方面显现出来的局限性和问题,分析网格、P2P、SOA、云计算、Mashup等新技术、新理念为数字图书馆的进一步发展提供的技术基础以及新一代数字图书馆的开放、共享、联合、敏捷等特性。结合高校图书馆的特点,探讨高校数字图书馆建设的四个重点方向:资源、开放、集成和安全。     

构筑知识基础结构的关键技术

知识经济和信息技术的发展正在改变信息服务业的基础结构, 本文通过对“后数字图书馆”、美国科学基金会的“先进计算网络基础结构”计划(NSF-ACP)发展动向和基本思想的研究,认为从信息基础结构向知识基础结构转变是21世纪发展知识型信息服务业的必然选择。论文论述了构建知识基础结构的基本框架,对网格、Web Services、知识组织系统、科研网络协同环境、个性化信息服务等构建知识基础结构的关键技术做了探讨。     

Library technology trends in the United States

The continuing desktop computing revolution, major re‐design and re‐implementation by a number of vendors of integrated library systems, widespread public acceptance and use of the Internet/World‐Wide Web, and the increasing use of the Internet to deliver digital content and access to electronic resources, have all combined to create the need for libraries in the United States to enhance and replace existing systems, networks, and other technologies and to implement new technologies. Libraries planning new network‐centric services face the prospect of overall technology enhancement to optimise service delivery; technology support and staff training and development become critical for successful implementation. This paper reviews the issues that libraries will have to address as they move to the ‘next‐generation’ systems.     

下一代数字图书馆的体系结构及其信息访问技术研究

面向服务的体系结构、对等网络和网格技术的发展为数字图书馆体系结构的研究和应用带来了新的机遇,使其在开放性和柔韧性方面的拓展成为可能。下一代数字图书馆应当是能为更多用户服务的、自适应性更强的服务组织,它是以联邦模式进行资源库的构建和服务的组织。与传统的数字图书馆相比,下一代数字图书馆的体系结构将更为分布和动态,从而适应资源库、元数据和服务所呈现出的高度异构性。本文通过几个数字图书馆研究项目,对下一代数字图书馆的体系结构进行了分析讨论,并就其信息访问的主要方面(资源管理、信息检索)所面临的机遇和挑战进行了探讨,给出了相应的解决方案。     

图书馆联盟内的数字馆藏的建设与共享——华盛顿研究图书馆联盟数字化生产中心介绍

华盛顿研究图书馆联盟是当今美国网络环境下，开展资源共享活动中较为成功的实体。2002年，基于联盟会员图书馆馆藏数字化的需求，联盟扩大资源共享服务范围，在联邦政府基金的帮助下建立了数字化生产中心。该中心由会员图书馆集资，集中利用技术力量、管理人才和设备进行数字化生产。经过四年多的实践，该中心在管理模式和数字化生产技术以及资源共享等方面均有一套独特的合理可行的策略和方针。本文作者以第一手资料详细介绍该中心的服务、管理、数字化馆藏的技术结构以及集中型数字化生产中心的优点。希望将这个模式介绍给国内同行。     

信息资源产业及其在我国的发展策略

信息资源产业以信息内容产品的生产与服务为产业主体行为,是信息化的产物。目前我国的信息资源产业发展落后于美国、欧盟等发达国家和地区。我国发展信息资源产业的战略决策有:加强政策和信息引导;制定信息公开法;推进政府部门信息机构改革;引导民营信息内容企业加快发展;加大对信息资源产业的扶持力度;规范竞争秩序。参考文献18。     

数字资源长期保存：当前进展和最佳实践——2007年数字资源长期保存国际会议（iPRES2007）综述

系统而全面地回顾iPRES2007数字资源长期保存国际会议,从数字资源长期保存的战略计划与基础设施、相关管理问题、技术研究与实践、认证与评估、教育与培训5个方面介绍研究和实践的进展情况，深入分析并总结已有的经验和教训，并就面临的问题和下一步发展进行探讨。     

ICT and rural societies: Opportunities for growth

The application of ICT solutions for the development of rural India and other developing countries opens up a vast range of possibilities. Giving an opportunity to the vast majority of the population living in rural areas, to cross the digital divide to obtain access to information resources and services provided by ICT is the next revolution waiting to happen. Although this is a development issue, it is just not the government, non-government organizations or the rural masses that have a role to play. Private profit-making institutions can develop solutions to capture the hitherto unrecognized markets, make profits and at the same time aid the rural societies. The new technologies being developed can help surmount barriers present in providing information resources at a low cost and make applications feasible and profitable. This paper presents some cases where ICT has been effectively used for the benefit of the rural societies and analyzes the opportunities that lie in this sphere. The cases range from successful use of ICT in governance, to ICT solutions for improved profits to ICT in microfinance. A case of an initiative by a large mainstream corporation to reach out to the rural sector, help in development and realize profits mutually is also presented. The projects discussed should generate more interest and facilitate private investment in the hitherto virgin territory. A large number of hurdles still remain but creative ideas, breakthrough ICT technologies and committed organizations can usher in the next revolution in the developing world.     

The “blur” of federal information and services: Implications for university libraries

Information product content is becoming increasingly interrelated with associated services. This concept is called “blurring” by current management authors Davis and Meyer. In the realm of federal information, there is great potential for “blurred” offerings. Citizens could have access to customized and filtered information from federal websites and could perform transactions with government agencies over the Internet. While some technical, infrastructure, and policy issues will take time to sort out, many innovative products and services will be offered over the Internet. Whether the federal agencies themselves will provide these customized services or whether institutions in the public and/or private sector will provide them remains to be seen. Universities need to re-think how they offer services related to federal information in the networked environment. Such activities as reference service, instruction, access to data archives, and staff training need to be re-examined in light of the changes enabled by the Internet and the development of new types of content and services.