Stewart,Essential Radio Skills: How to Present a Radio Show

This article reports on ongoing studies of political satire in the seriocomedy genre produced by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and its French language counterpart, la Société Radio‐Canada (SRC). We compare and contrast examples of each network's way of imagining its respective society as well as each other's society. We situate the definition of seriocomedy in a discussion of the contrasting role of private and public broadcasting in the North American context. Then we present examples from programs produced in two historical periods. The definition of seriocomedy and the analysis of texts follows the dialogical theory of discourse developed by the Russian thinker, Mikhail Bakhtin. In the conclusion, we discuss how these examples of dialogical criticism help demonstrate the complex process in which the seriocomedy genre expands and reinstitutes the normative boundaries of what can be said or represented in public culture.     

Classification and Indexing in Yeshiva Libraries: Analysis of the Systems,Their Sources and Development

This article investigates the forms of classification and indexing found in yeshiva libraries in the State of Israel. The yeshiva (plural: yeshivot) is a Jewish educational institution that focuses on the study of traditional religious texts, primarily the Talmud and the Bible. The research goal was to analyze classification and indexing systems in these libraries, examine how they evolve, and to compare the yeshiva classification systems used in practice to Jewish studies classification in other classification systems. This study can help us understand how classification systems develop and what the cognitive, philosophical, and administrative processes that lie behind them are.     

权力的消失:被扭曲的福柯——基于《话语与社会变迁》的分析

英国话语分析学者诺曼·费尔克拉夫的《话语与社会变迁》中的话语理论影响深远。其理论主要来源之一是法国思想家米歇尔·福柯的“话语理论”,不过费尔克拉夫对福柯的解读与福柯原著存在很大误差。本文采用文本分析方法,从费尔克拉夫和福柯的原文出发来质证该误读。费尔克拉夫认为,福柯话语理论的“话语建构性”“话语实践意义由它与其他话语的关系来界定”“权力的话语本性、话语的政治本性、社会变化的话语本性”等观点“弥补了语言学话语分析的不足”,同时批判福柯“缺乏对语言文本、实践以及抵抗性权力关系关注”。但本文在分析福柯的理论后指出,费尔克拉夫在展示福柯的话语理论时,不但忽略福柯“话语”概念的内涵,而且没能理解福柯权力在主体、社会现实建构中的基础作用以及权力关系的抵抗性特征与存在条件,片面强调话语的作用,把福柯的话语理论化约为“政治话语本体论”,一种“特别话语”的结构主义。尽管如此,费尔克拉夫从福柯处启发的话语理论为话语分析开辟了新的思路。     

Naturalizing negativity: how journalism textbooks justify crime,conflict, and “bad” news

This critical analysis of U.S. journalism textbooks from 1894 to 2016 shows how texts across decades have (re)constructed a discourse of damage through news values emphasizing and rationalizing conflict and bad news. Findings are reported in the context of literature suggesting that negative news values foster a distorted sense of social relations, increase fear, and depress civic participation. Literature also indicates that non-journalists often view news through less conflict-oriented, and more value-laden, frames, suggesting that journalistic values are not natural or inevitable but subject to change. The discourse in journalism textbooks can be a key site for understanding and influencing journalism culture. Constructive alternatives to the dominant discourse are suggested.     

Beyond genre theory: The genesis of rhetorical action

In this essay, I contend that traditional genre theory has an important inherent limitation: It assumes that a single controlling characteristic (often, but not exclusively, situation) is responsible for (and explains) the production of a genre of rhetoric. In contrast, the theory of the Genesis of Rhetorical Action holds that four Burkean ratios—scene‐act, purpose‐act, rhetor‐act, and agency‐act—can be employed to explain how rhetorical discourse occurs (invention). After arguing that the theory of the Genesis of Rhetorical Action is a potentially powerful extension of genre theory on conceptual grounds (and noting that published genre studies reveal the limitations of this theory), I provide empirical evidence from the analysis of rhetorical discourse (research on the Functional Theory of Political Campaign Discourse) to reinforce this argument. A new conception of genre theory is then advocated.     

Placing records continuum theory and practice

This article provides an overview of evolving Australian records continuum theory and the records continuum model, which is interpreted as both a metaphor and a new world-view, representing a paradigm shift in Kuhn's sense. It is based on a distillation of research findings drawn from discourse, literary warrant and historical analysis, as well as case studies, participant observation and reflection. The article traces the emergence in Australia in the 1990s of a community of practice which has taken continuum rather than life cycle based perspectives, and adopted postcustodial approaches to recordkeeping and archiving. It “places” the evolution of records continuum theory and practice in Australia in the context of a larger international discourse that was reconceptualizing traditional theory, and “reinventing” records and archives practice.     

Placing records continuum theory and practice

This article provides an overview of evolving Australian records continuum theory and the records continuum model, which is interpreted as both a metaphor and a new world-view, representing a paradigm shift in Kuhn's sense. It is based on a distillation of research findings drawn from discourse, literary warrant and historical analysis, as well as case studies, participant observation and reflection. The article traces the emergence in Australia in the 1990s of a community of practice which has taken continuum rather than life cycle based perspectives, and adopted postcustodial approaches to recordkeeping and archiving. It “places” the evolution of records continuum theory and practice in Australia in the context of a larger international discourse that was reconceptualizing traditional theory, and “reinventing” records and archives practice.     

网络环境下图书馆随书附盘的科学管理和利用

本文介绍了附盘图书的种类和作用,分析网络环境下图书馆附盘图书的几种管理模式的利弊。从规范著录、分类标引、典藏和借阅管理等方面,探求一种能全面揭示随书附盘文献的主题内容及外部特征,进行科学管理,并最大限度地提高随书附盘利用率的新方法和理论支持。     

一种基于维基百科的中文短文本分类算法

为解决短文本特征词少、概念信号弱的问题,结合维基百科进行特征扩展以辅助中文短文本分类。通过维基百科概念及链接等信息进行词语相关概念集合抽取、概念间相关度计算,利用消歧页结合短文本上下文信息解决一词多义问题,进而以词语间语义相关关系为基础进行特征扩展,以补充文本特征语义信息。最后,给出基于维基百科的中文短文本分类算法,并对其进行实验验证。结果表明,该算法能有效提高中文短文本分类效果。     

论跨文化传播的主体间性与文本间性及话语层面

跨文化传播学主体间性研究探讨世界的所有可以称为主体的文化之间的交流、对话、沟通、交往等等的关系属性。跨文化新闻传播话语的意义可以从意识形态、社会化过程、话语形式、面子体系和文本间性几个层面来剖析。     

Improving search via personalized query expansion using social media

Social tagging systems have gained increasing popularity as a method of annotating and categorizing a wide range of different web resources. Web search that utilizes social tagging data suffers from an extreme example of the vocabulary mismatch problem encountered in traditional information retrieval (IR). This is due to the personalized, unrestricted vocabulary that users choose to describe and tag each resource. Previous research has proposed the utilization of query expansion to deal with search in this rather complicated space. However, non-personalized approaches based on relevance feedback and personalized approaches based on co-occurrence statistics only showed limited improvements. This paper proposes a novel query expansion framework based on individual user profiles mined from the annotations and resources the user has marked. The underlying theory is to regularize the smoothness of word associations over a connected graph using a regularizer function on terms extracted from top-ranked documents. The intuition behind the model is the prior assumption of term consistency: the most appropriate expansion terms for a query are likely to be associated with, and influenced by terms extracted from the documents ranked highly for the initial query. The framework also simultaneously incorporates annotations and web documents through a Tag-Topic model in a latent graph. The experimental results suggest that the proposed personalized query expansion method can produce better results than both the classical non-personalized search approach and other personalized query expansion methods. Hence, the proposed approach significantly benefits personalized web search by leveraging users’ social media data.     

How online health discussions make people perceive benefits?

The online health discussion (OHD) has increasingly become an important component in the practice of health informatics service, and many health users have gained benefits through OHD. Few studies have tried to answer how people obtain benefits from OHD. As a new type of online health information, OHD is composed of multiple messages with a discourse structure. By referring to Peirce’ semiotics, a theoretical model of the relationship of OHD with multiply meanings (i.e., discourse structure and health knowledge) and health users' perceived benefits (PB) was developed. 1248 OHD units were collected, and the main findings were obtained. (1) The number of discussion chains has a crucial effect on PB. (2) Health knowledge related to OHD produces indirect effects on PB. This work enriches extant literature by empirically revealing multilevel meanings of OHD and their roles. Related findings can be used to explore improvements for designing of OHD.     

基于Ontology的Web文本分类法

传统方法处理文本分类时都需要进行文本训练,并且在文本表示时需要抽取特征项。搜集训练文本的过程需要费时费力的人工参与,而且中文信息的特征项抽取工作难度较大。为了解决这些问题,本文探讨了一种新的文本分类法———基于Ontology的Web文本分类法。该方法首先通过“知网”建立一个Ontology,然后根据分类体系建立每个类的Ontology,最后根据每个类的Ontology对文本进行分类。试验表明这种分类法与KNN分类法在准确率上相当,但比KNN方法稳定,在召回率上优于KNN方法。     

In support of innovation management and Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory

This paper makes a case for the practicality of Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory. [Rogers, E. (1962). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press; Rogers, E. (1995). Diffusion of innovations. New York: The Free Press] By using Roger's Innovation Diffusion theory, the paper explores the innovation process from the development stage towards the diffusion stage (the stage of commercialization) of the two major research funding organizations in Thailand: the National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and the Thailand Research Fund (TRF). Theoretical and empirical analysis are attempted, focusing on the relation between the management of research and development (R&D) projects and the level of innovation diffusion. The empirical results can help R&D managers manage the projects to contribute to technological development in industry.     

A systematic empirical comparison of different approaches for normalizing citation impact indicators

We address the question how citation-based bibliometric indicators can best be normalized to ensure fair comparisons between publications from different scientific fields and different years. In a systematic large-scale empirical analysis, we compare a traditional normalization approach based on a field classification system with three source normalization approaches. We pay special attention to the selection of the publications included in the analysis. Publications in national scientific journals, popular scientific magazines, and trade magazines are not included. Unlike earlier studies, we use algorithmically constructed classification systems to evaluate the different normalization approaches. Our analysis shows that a source normalization approach based on the recently introduced idea of fractional citation counting does not perform well. Two other source normalization approaches generally outperform the classification-system-based normalization approach that we study. Our analysis therefore offers considerable support for the use of source-normalized bibliometric indicators.     

Some comments on “The estimation of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory” by Egghe and Proot

Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics] introduce a simple probabilistic model to estimate the number of lost multi-copy documents based on the numbers of retrieved ones. We show that their model in practice can essentially be described by the well-known Poisson approximation to the binomial. This enables us to adopt a traditional maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach which allows the construction of (approximate) confidence intervals for the parameters of interest, thereby resolving an open problem left by the authors. We further show that the general estimation problem is a variant of a well-known unseen species problem. This work should be viewed as supplementing that of Egghe and Proot [Egghe, L., & Proot, G. (2007). The estimation of the number of lost multi-copy documents: A new type of informetrics theory. Journal of Informetrics]. It turns out that their results are broadly in line with those produced by this rather more robust statistical analysis.     

Mormon "Family Values" Versus Television: An Analysis of the Discourse of Mormon Couples Regarding Television and Popular Media Culture

This research is premised on Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model and on Berger's concept that religiosity is socially constructed. However, unlike the early Birmingham studies' emphasis on socioeconomic status as a “cultural code” through which audience members would decode media texts, this study examines the readings of television texts from the perspective of audience members who are, because of their religious practices, ideologically situated to the right of much that is offered on television. The findings in this case are consistent with Hall's notion that individuals bring contradictory and conflicting discourse into their readings of media texts.     

The play's the thing: Theater professionals make sense of Shakespeare

This study examines how theater professionals (actors, directors and others) make sense of the works of a culturally iconic author (William Shakespeare). The research aims to address critique of the information studies/science field's excessive focus on active information seeking and searching by developing an alternative approach, and to understand sense-making as more than the problem-solving behavior of individuals: to see it as an embodied, social process, involving emotion as well as rationality. In doing so it draws on theoretical approaches from a range of different disciplines and traditions, including Dervin's sense-making, Foucault's discourse analysis and Derrida's deconstructionism.     

Arabic texts analysis for topic modeling evaluation

Significant progress has been made in information retrieval covering text semantic indexing and multilingual analysis. However, developments in Arabic information retrieval did not follow the extraordinary growth of Arabic usage in the Web during the ten last years. In the tasks relating to semantic analysis, it is preferable to directly deal with texts in their original language. Studies on topic models, which provide a good way to automatically deal with semantic embedded in texts, are not complete enough to assess the effectiveness of the approach on Arabic texts. This paper investigates several text stemming methods for Arabic topic modeling. A new lemma-based stemmer is described and applied to newspaper articles. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation model is used to extract latent topics from three Arabic real-world corpora. For supervised classification in the topics space, experiments show an improvement when comparing to classification in the full words space or with root-based stemming approach. In addition, topic modeling with lemma-based stemming allows us to discover interesting subjects in the press articles published during the 2007–2009 period.