The new Directive on copyright and related rights

In February 2001, the Directive on ‘the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society’ was approved by the European Parliament and therefore takes effect. This article highlights the changes introduced by the European Parliament in the Directive and comments on the implications of the change.     

著作权保护制度对信息资源建设的影响

本运用作权法理论，辩证地分析了作权保护制度对信息资源建设的影响，认为作权保护制度对信息资源建设有着正、负两个方面的影响，而正面的影响是主要的。     

Copyright law and information policy planning: Public rights of use in the 1990s and beyond

Copyright law is one of the many policy forces shaping the utilization of information resources. American copyright law has undergone many changes with profound consequences, particularly for educational and scholarly uses of existing copyrighted works. This article summarizes recent developments in the law, with a focus on their consequences for users at American colleges, universities, and libraries. The purpose of this study is to highlight the principal implications of an evolving copyright law and especially to assist librarians, administrators, and other policy makers. They must address these issues and devise standards of practice that avoid legal challenges but that also optimize the use of available resources. The article concludes with guidance for future concerns and planning.     

The relationship between student communication motives and information seeking

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between college students’ communication motives (i.e., relational, functional, participatory, excuse making, sycophantic) and their use of information‐seeking strategies (i.e., overt, indirect, third party, testing, observing). Participants were 149 students enrolled in an introductory communication course at a Mid‐Atlantic university. Results indicated that (a) students who communicate for the sycophantic, relational, and participatory motives use the indirect and observing information‐seeking strategies and (b) students who communicate for the functional communication motive use the overt information‐seeking strategy, but do not use the testing information‐seeking strategy. Future research should examine whether college students use information‐seeking strategies with their classmates and the impact of the use of these strategies on their learning experience.     

论情报学与信息管理的关系

本文首先在简单介绍情报学现状的基础上,提出了一个亟待解决的问题现在是否有情报学的立足之地?若有,情报学与信息管理的关系是什么?接着,用一门学科存在的两个条件来衡量,论证了情报学存在的必要性;然后,重点从情报学与信息管理的联系与区别两方面,分析了两学科的关系,认为情报学应该归属于信息管理;最后,从情报学更名的原因出发,说明了情报学作为信息管理的一门分支学科,将更有利于情报学的发展.     

信息弱势群体:信息权利、信息消费和信息扶贫

在我国信息化进程中,信息弱势群体在信息权利保障方面仍存在很多问题.文章拟从信息弱势群体的信息消费和信息权利保障角度,在对信息弱势群体、信息权利、信息政策、信息消费等概念间的关系进行梳理后,分析了在信息消费过程中,我国信息弱势群体在信息权利保障方面存在的问题及原因,并针对这些问题提出了信息扶贫的对策.     

自存储与期刊出版的版权冲突与协调

随着国际范围内开放存取运动的发展,自存储受到了国际范围内的政策支持,在作者中推广很快.但自存储的发展与期刊出版的版权政策产生了一定的冲突.在调研版权政策冲突表现的基础上,为了协调二者之间的关系,提出应正确看待自存储对期刊出版的影响;期刊应制定允许自存储的版权政策;可以在涉及自存储的版权政策中设置一定限制措施以维护出版者利益;制定相关作者版权协议维护作者权利;期刊可以与开放仓储开展合作等.     

Journal author rights and self‐archiving: the case of Spanish journals

Open access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. The lack of clarity of publisher permissions for archiving in OA repositories affects the adoption of the green OA route. This paper explores editorial policies and self‐archiving conditions in 1,615 Spanish scholarly journals. 48% are published by university and research institutions, 25% by associations/societies, and 17% by commercial publishers; social sciences and humanities (SSH) accounted for 67% of the journals (44.5% and 22.5%, respectively) followed by health sciences (20%); 71% offered gratis access immediately after publication, and 11% after an embargo; 31% provided some mention of author rights. Self‐archiving was specifically allowed by 65% of the journals; 52% were classified as ROMEO‐blue, 12% as green and 15% as white, and 21% could not be classified; 21%, mostly in SSH, used some type of Creative Commons license.     

经济视角下著作权合理使用的效率分析

本文阐述著作权合理使用效率的概念,提出图书馆在数据库开发和套录过程中及参考咨询服务中存在的侵权风险与侵权风险规避,并运用经济数学设置模型,分析信息资源知识产权中合理使用的效率,指出从经济角度准确界定合理使用范围的意义以利于知识资源有效配置.     

我国信息环境管理的政策调控与信息立法问题

国家信息化建设离不开一个能够使信息资源得以充分开发和有效利用的信息环境.本文讨论了制定我国信息环境管理政策的原则,对信息政策指导下的信息立法问题进行了初步探索.     

美国版权制度与版权产业:发展、特征、关系

近几年美国政府重视和加强版权保护，版权立法频率不断提高，版权利益关系中各方权利更加明晰。版权制度建设为美国版权产业健康发展提供了一个法律保障。     

An examination of institutional policy on copyright and access to research resources in Uganda

Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources).     

Federal information policy: Protecting the free flow of information

Federal information policy is a tangled web, woven over many decades and one which tends to trap information, rather than making it easily available. Although some of the difficulty has been caused by a lack of coherence and by some confusion among members of the Congress, the principal difficulty recently has been the lack of trust exhibited by the Reagan administration. If the United States is to regain its economic and technological health, a well-thought-out and administered Federal information policy will be the cornerstone to those ends. An informed electorate can help by assisting Congress with ideas regarding needs, both present and future. Together with an informed administration, we can, and must, create the Federal information policy that meets all our needs without jeopardizing our national security.     

Information under siege: The reagan administration's federal information policy

In this article, Congressman Owens assesses OMB's Circular No. A-130 on the management of Federal information resources. He finds the Circular highly deficient and a potential threat to the public's access to information that the government collects, produces, and maintains.     

全文信息发布的知识产权风险与对策

本文分析了数字图书馆全文信息发布存在的知识产权风险,提出了规避知识产权风险的具体建议.     

Federal government information policy and public policy analysis: A brief overview

The information policy of the federal government of the United States has been evolving for well over 200 years, with antecedents in the British, colonial, and Confederation experiences. Having a variety of themes, (e.g., accountability, records management, accessibility, security, and privacy), it is a policy of complexity, both in terms of interrelationships among its themes and political dynamics, which is to acknowledge that all three branches have contributed to its substance, and that balance among competing forces has been neither easily realized nor maintained. Moreover, it concerns values of particular importance for a democracy, such as realizing a government that is accountable to the citizenry and protects the security of the nation. It continues to evolve, adjust, and change due to a variety of factors, new political environments and information technology being among the foremost. Policy analysis, discussed here in several dimensions, may be applied to understand not only information policy of the past and the present, but also what might be modified, adjusted, or created anew for the future. Ultimately, in all instances of policy analysis application, the end result, hopefully, will be more informed decision making.     

Public information provision about policy intentions: The Dutch and Belgian experience

This paper examines the manner in which governments should inform their citizens about policy not yet adopted by the competent authority (i.e., the legislature). This is an important but often neglected issue in theory and in practice. This paper focuses on the opportunities and dangers of the public information provisions about policy intentions and presents the relevant laws, principles, and practices in the Netherlands and Belgium. Based on a case study, the paper aims to illustrate the importance of complete, timely, and factual public information provisions in the formulation stage of policymaking. Some directions for further inquiry are suggested and some lessons from the Dutch and Belgian experience are presented. The information gathered is derived from literature, from government information regulations and guidelines, from analyses of government data reports, and from a survey.     

An examination of institutional policy on copyright and access to research resources in Uganda***

Education and research are the cornerstones of Africa's socioeconomic and political development. Yet several barriers stand in the way of Africa's education and research institutions in realizing their full potential. This paper examines copyright as a barrier in the access and use of electronic resources in Africa's education and research contexts. This paper addresses this policy question by examining the extent to which the draft policy on research and intellectual property rights management of Makerere University advances access to resources and the open sharing of knowledge. Based on the critical analysis of Makerere's policy, this paper notes that openness should trump other institutional interests in the copyright system. The position taken in the paper is that institutional policies should advance open sharing of information and knowledge (internal or external to the institution). Short-term legal remedies are proposed based on various Creative Commons' licenses that are designed to advance openness within existing national copyright statutes. Long-term remedies suggested involve reforming national and international laws and instruments to advance openness including protecting existing provisions for education and research. Protection of education and research activities can be attained by not simply availing the existing exceptions and limitations but also precluding statutory exceptions and limitations from being overridden by contractual licenses. The proposed short and long-term remedies are expected to be addressed by institutional policies to facilitate in the access and use of e-resources (and other research and educational resources).