Educating rural migrant children in interior China: The promise and pitfall of low-fee private schools

Scholars disagree on the extent to which low-fee private schools can adequately supply education to poor children in developing countries. This article contributes to the debate with a qualitative study in the Chinese context where privatization of education intersects with rural-urban migration. Using grounded theory approach, I examine how these schools aid or hinder migrant children’s settlement and integration in the host city. Fieldwork in the country’s interior region reveals that migrant schools are oriented toward meeting the immediate needs of migrant families but at the cost of children’s future prospects. The conclusion discusses implications for equitable urbanization.     

Exam-oriented education and implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China

This paper investigates the implementation of education policy for migrant children in urban China. Historically, rural and urban residents in China were separated by the hukou system, and rural children were not allowed to attend urban schools. Since the relaxation of the hukou system in the early 1980s, large numbers of rural families migrated to cities. The right of migrant children to education in urban China was formally recognised by the government in a series of policies starting in 2001. The research reported, here, reveals that migrant children did not have equal access to urban schools nor did they enjoy an equally good education to that of urban children. Based on 53 in-depth interviews with school principals, teachers and pupils in two provincial capitals in China, this paper explores the main factors affecting the implementation of education policy for migrant children. The research demonstrates that policies relating to equal admissions criteria were not implemented as intended, with migrant children not having equal access to schools. However, policies relating to non-segregation and academic support were implemented as intended. It is argued that, at the school level, this is a result of the examination-oriented system, and schools’ responses to this.     

In search of educational equity for the migrant children of Shanghai

Around the world there is a growing consensus that migrant children's rights must be protected, regardless of where they have emigrated from. One of these rights is the right to a public education of equal quality to that granted to non-migrant children regardless of where one's family is registered or pays taxes. This article focuses on migrant children schooling in Shanghai. It will show that three main problems are still impeding migrant children from getting a high-quality education. They are: the inferior quality of migrant children schools; the lack of access to a public school and the much higher costs of schooling; and the high mobility of migrant students. Our conclusion: the education rights of migrant children have become contingent on the wills of urban local governments, public attitudes, and available space in local public schools.     

信息技术在美国流动教育中的应用及启示

美国为了解决流动儿童不仅能"进得去"流入地公立学校,而且流入地公立学校也能"留得住"流动儿童,从联邦干预流动教育开始,信息技术就被引入流动教育。信息技术伴随美国流动教育始终,为保障流动儿童平等教育权发挥了巨大作用。美国关于信息技术在流动教育中的研究和实践对我国有一定的借鉴意义。     

Migrant schools in the Thailand-Burma borderland: from the informal to the formal

This article examines migrant schools in the Thailand-Burma borderland. Substantial existence of migrant schools enables migrant children to have their own education even in the absence of proper legal status. The growth of migrant schools marked the building up of a migrant education institution in cooperation with international partners, showing progress in the constitution of migrant lives. Since the mid-2000s, the Thai government has engaged in migrant schools in an attempt to regularize them as learning centres under its guidance. This article argues that it should not necessarily be interpreted as a victory of the state over the migrants and migrant schools. Rather, it shows the impressive growth of the migrant education institution, bringing the state into play and has achieved recognition from the state as a legitimate formal institution.     

The marginality of migrant children in the urban Chinese educational system

The present paper explores issues of the educational marginality of migrant children in urban settings in two cities in China. The numbers of urban migrants exceed 100 million and are growing as China modernizes. This is creating tensions between residents and recent arrivals who lack residential registration and access to public services. As a result, migrant children often attend informal, private and usually unregulated schools of low quality organized by their communities. These tend to reinforce social stratification and reproduce marginality across the generations. The paper argues that state failure to provide basic education risks a growing divide between urban residents and recent migrants that has social consequences that must be addressed to remove discriminatory practices and resolve potential conflicts between hosts and migrant communities.     

The education of migrant children in Shanghai: The battle for equity

The PISA success of Shanghai has aroused open challenge and debate about whether the city is a “model of equity”. There have been heated debates about the education of migrant children in Shanghai. This paper analyses publicly accessible policy papers and literature to provide a contextualised interpretation of the major progress and ongoing challenges surrounding the education of migrant children in Shanghai. The paper shows the structural inequalities affecting migrant families and their children. It refers to central as well as local government policies and the constraints these policies face. The analysis shows that Shanghai remains riddled with ongoing challenges that may have been obscured by the PISA success.     

保障农民工子女受教育权的问题与对策探讨

受经济社会发展水平、传统制度的惯性作用等因素影响,农民工子女受教育权保障方面仍然存在不少亟待解决的问题。文章分析了保障农民工子女受教育权的重大意义,从社会因素、学校因素和家庭因素三个角度研究了当前农民工子女受教育权难以实现的原因,探讨了保障农民工子女受教育权的对策。     

School-based primary school sexuality education for migrant children in Beijing,China

In May 2007, Beijing Normal University launched a programme of school-based sexuality education for migrant children in Xingzhi Primary School in Beijing. Over the past seven years, the project team has developed a school-based sexuality education curriculum using the International Technical Guidance on Sexuality Education published by UNESCO. The team has developed 12 volumes of textbooks for grades 1–6; trained teachers to deliver sexuality education using participatory teaching methods; and involved parents in the sexuality education process. The first group of migrant students to receive the full 6 years of sexuality education graduated in June 2013. Sexuality education in schools is gaining increasing attention and help from many sectors of Chinese society.     

试从多元文化教育视角看流动儿童所在公办学校的教育

实施全民教育,推进教育机会均等,是当前中国教育改革的一个重要目标。随着进入城市公办学校的流动儿童数量增多,公办学校如何在多元文化背景下开展适合当地学生和流动儿童的教育,是迫切需要关注的问题。从多元文化教育的内涵出发,探讨流动儿童所在公办学校中存在的文化差异和碰撞,并针对公办学校现状提出观念、管理、课程设置、教学等方面的建议。     

外来务工人员子女家庭教育现状及其对策研究——以对南通西郊小学租住在港闸区的外来学生的调查为例

通过对南通西郊小学租住在港闸区的外来学生的调查,发现外来务工人员子女家庭教育存在家庭教育环境较差等五大问题。应针对这些问题采取积极措施,从提高外来务工人员教育水平、政府为外来务工人员提供家庭教育公共服务等方面入手,加强和改善外来务工人员子女家庭教育状况。     

深化招生改革,促进教育公平——基于非沪籍进城务工人员随迁子女就地升学试点的分析与思考

教育公平是社会公平的重要基础。教育公平的关键是机会公平,基本要求是保障公民依法享有受教育的权利。自2008年以来,上海市探索逐年扩大中等职业教育招收非沪籍进城务工人员随迁子女的比例,逐步试点在本市中职毕业的来沪从业人员随迁子女就读高职的政策,促进教育公平。     

农民工子女在校教育存在的问题及对策研究

农民工子女进入学校后面临来自学校、教师、同学以及自身学习、心理等方面的问题;其成因在于国家的制度藩篱、学校和教师教育缺位、社区教育空缺等方面;要解决这些问题,拆除制度藩篱是制度前提,建立＂教育共同体＂是根本措施,加强学校和教师管理是关键,填补社区教育空缺是重要保障。     

美国流动儿童教育管理和教育财政问题及应对措施

流动儿童在学区内和学区间频繁流动对美国政府的教育管理和教育财政政策提出了挑战。这不仅增加了学区和学校的财政压力,而且严重影响到学生的学业水平和升学率。美国政府积极推行改善流动儿童教育状况的政策,提供充足的教育经费,为确保流动儿童进一步获得中等和高等教育提供了保障。     

新生代农民工城市融入的职业教育与培训体系建构

国家针对农民工子女义务教育出台了一系列政策,很大程度上解决了农民工子女义务教育的问题,提高了他们的个人素质和文化水平。现有的教育政策和制度在一定程度上造成了农民工子女后义务教育的"断裂",现有的政策在一定程度上强化了农民工融入城市社会自身条件的先天性不足。因此,注重农民工子女后义务教育公平和加快发展职业技术教育,是新生代农民工城市融入的路径选择。     

异地中考政策促进随迁子女选择高中教育吗

为促进义务后教育公平,国家和地方政府出台了异地中考政策。利用“中国教育追踪调查”基线数据中的1071个九年级随迁子女数据,采用多项分类logistic回归分析方法,实证检验了异地中考政策的不同入学条件对随迁子女高中教育选择的影响作用。研究发现,当异地中考政策的入学门槛为“只能报考普通高中”时,对随迁子女选择普通高中没有显著影响;当异地中考政策的入学门槛为“可报考重点高中”时,对随迁子女选择普通高中具有显著促进作用;当异地中考政策的入学门槛为“不能报考普通高中”时,对随迁子女选择职业高中没有显著促进作用。     

Educational equality in China: analysing educational policies for migrant children in Beijing

This paper focuses on the education of migrant children in Beijing. As of the late 1990s, the Chinese Government has developed several policies to address educational issues among migrant children. The present study analyses data from interviews with key education personnel in Beijing to explore the outcomes of the implementation of such migrant children’s education (MCE) policies and the reasons for variation from policy design. The data suggest that there is poorer equality in terms of education among migrant vs. local children than the government has reported. Migrant children are faced with numerous strict admission procedures for public schools. The Chinese Government has not prioritised educational equality, despite professing to do so. The capability and motivation of local institutions for policy implementation are less adequate than might be expected. Using Honig’s model of policy implementation, this research shows that the outcomes of the MCE policies are a product of interaction between policy design, participants and implementation context.     

农民工子女义务教育供给困境与对策探析——一种基于公共经济学视角下的教育现象分析

农民工子女义务教育是义务教育的重要组成部分。我国农民工子女义务教育供给的现状困境有供给的主体不明确、承担接受者不够有效和现行经费政策不够完善等。基于此,从公共经济学准公共产品的属性、特性和供给模式的理论视角出发,提出解决困境的建议性对策:农民工子女义务教育供给主体多元化、多渠道筹集农民工子女的义务教育经费;建立农民工子女义务教育经费财政转移支付专项拨款制度、改革现有的教育财政分权制度;鼓励城镇公办学校接受容纳农民工子女、消除对农民工子女的歧视和不公平的收费现象。     

Including migrant worker children in the learning and social context of the rural primary school

Many of the larger towns and cities within the UK have long experienced a cosmopolitan mix of cultures, resulting in ethnically and linguistically diverse schools. However, the wider expansion of the European Union in 2004 has brought about significant changes and challenges for many schools, particularly for those in more rural areas. This article arises out of a 3-year qualitative study (January 2008–December 2010), which focused on identifying the experiences of stake-holders (children and parents of Eastern European heritage and their teachers), where migrant children enter primary schools which have previously had limited exposure to cultural and linguistic diversity. Although many migrant children settle successfully and progress within the UK education system, much can be done in terms of educational policy and practice to ensure that these learners are appropriately supported. This article examines some of the factors impacting upon migrant children's learning and well-being, and offers guidance to practitioners as how to develop inclusive and individualised learning and social contexts for these learners.     

北京市农民工子弟学校健康教育的调查分析

20世纪90年代随着农村剩余劳动力的转移,农民工进城务工已成为一种社会普遍现象。近年来,农民工子弟的健康教育问题越来越受到社会的普遍关注。“北京地区流动人口子士专题健康教育”课题组,针对北京市农民工子弟学校健康教育问题进行了抽样问卷调查。在调查过程中,发现农民工子弟学校的健康教育存在着许多不足。农民工子弟的健康及健康教育问题,是关系到下一代身心健康成长的大问题,也是构建和谐社会的重要组成部分。因此,全社会应关心农民工子弟的健康及健康教育问题,使他们能在社会主义大家庭中得到健康幸福的成长。