班氏促卵助孕汤对雷公藤多苷致大鼠卵巢功能低下模型卵巢指数和动情周期的影响

目的:通过动物实验观察广西中医药大学国医大师班秀文经典补肾方剂班氏促卵助孕汤对雷公藤多苷致卵巢功能低下大鼠的干预作用,探讨其治疗卵巢功能低下的机制。方法:选择有正常动情周期的7~8周的育龄期SD大鼠,连续雷公藤多苷片以40mg/kg.d灌胃10周后,应用随机数字法将45只大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为模型对照组、西药对照组、中药高剂量组、中药中剂量组、中药低剂量组5组,加上正常对照组,共6组。中药治疗组分别给予给班氏促卵助孕汤中药原液1.02g/100g.d、0.507g/100g.d、0.254g/100g.d,每次0.5m L/100g,连续2周进行治疗,西药对照组先给予戌酸雌二醇0.028mg/m L浓度,每次以0.5m L/100g灌胃,连续4天,然后给予醋酸甲羟孕酮片0.172mg/m L浓度,每次以0.5m L/100g灌胃,在第4天灌胃一次,停1天后,继续按以上序贯方法用药,连续2周。阴性对照组和模型组造模后按每天0.5m L/100g纯净水灌胃,共2周,观察大鼠一般情况、体重、动情周期、卵巢指数的变化。结果:模型组和正常对照组相比,造模停止后一般情况有所改善,但恢复速度比中药治疗组和西药治疗组慢。模型组的动情周期和卵巢指数均低于正常对照组(P0.01)。给药治疗后,与模型组相比,中药高剂量治疗组和西药组的动情周期恢复至正常水平,卵巢指数提高(P0.05),但中药中剂量组和中药低剂量组在动情周期和卵巢指数上差异不明显(P0.05)。结论:雷公藤多苷可致雌性大鼠卵巢功能低下,表现为动情周期紊乱以及卵巢指数下降,班氏促卵助孕汤用药可恢复卵巢功能低下的动情周期紊乱和卵巢重量。     

商陆扩展蛋白基因PaEXP1在逆境胁迫下的表达

利用同源克隆的方法,从商陆中克隆得到扩展蛋白基因的全长cDNA序列,命名为PaEXP1(GenBank 登录号为GQ851947).PaEXP1长1128bp,含有759bp的完整开放阅读框,编码252个氨基酸,分子量27.1kD,等电点8.55.PaEXP1氨基酸序列N端含有8个半胱氨酸残基,1个组氨酸(His-Phe-Asp,HFD)域,C末端存在4个保守的色氨酸残基,具有扩展蛋白的典型结构.系统进化树分析表明,PaEXP1属于扩展蛋白的α-扩展蛋白家族.Real time-PCR结果表明,PaEXP1主要在根中表达,低温、盐、重金属和渗透胁迫均强烈地抑制其基因的表达.酵母转化实验表明,转PaEXP1可以提高酵母的平均直径,说明PaEXP1参与细胞壁的松弛扩展和细胞的增大过程.     

Expression profiles and polymorphism analysis of CDIPT gene on Qinchuan cattle

BackgroundCDIPT (CDP-diacylglycerol–inositol 3-phosphatidyltransferase, EC 2.7.8.11) was found on the cytoplasmic side of the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum. It was an integral membrane protein performing the last step in the de novo biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns). In recent years, PtdIns has been considered to play an essential role in energy metabolism, fatty acid metabolic pathway and intracellular signal transduction in eukaryotic cells.ResultsIn this study, the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed that the expression of CDIPT gene was remarkably different in diverse tissues. We also detected the polymorphism of bovine CDIPT gene and analyzed its association with body measurement and meat quality traits of Qinchuan cattle. Blood samples were obtained from 638 Qinchuan cattle aged from 18 to 24 months. DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to find CDIPT gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Three SNPs g.244T>C (NCBI: rs42069760), g.1496G>A and g.1514G>A were found in this study. g.244T>C located at 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) of exon 1 showed three genotypes: TT, TC and CC. g.1496G>A and g.1514G>A detected the first time were located in intron 3 and showed the same genotypes: GG, GA and AA.ConclusionsAnalysis results showed that these three SNPs were significantly associated with body measurement traits (BMTs) and meat quality traits (MQTs). We suggested that CDIPT gene may have potential effects on BMTs and MQTs and can be used for marker-assisted selection.     

印度芥菜BjPCS1基因的表达提高烟草对重金属的抗性

在植物体内植物络合素(PC)可与重金属螯合,并进一步转运至液泡贮存,使细胞质的重金属浓度降低,从而达到解毒效果。PC不是基因的直接翻译产物,而是以谷胱甘肽(GSH) 为底物由植物络合素合酶催化而成。将来源于重金属超富集植物印度芥菜(Brassica juncea)的植物络合素合酶基因BjPCS1转入烟草,PCR和Northern结果表明,该基因已经整合到烟草基因组中,并在转录水平上表达。在3种重金属(200mmol/L CdCl2、400mmol/L ZnCl2、200mmo/L NiCl2)胁迫条件下,转基因烟草植株的脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、相对电导率和叶绿素含量等指标均优于未转化的对照植株,表明转化BjPCS1基因提高了烟草对3种重金属的抗性,其中转基因烟草抗Cd能力最强,并且转基因烟草的T1代种子在Cd处理的情况下萌发状况明显优于对照。这些结果说明BjPCS1基因在利用基因工程改良植物抗重金属能力和净化环境污染方面,具有良好的应用前景。     

生产者视角下产品生命周期成本的仿真模型研究

从生产者视角将产品生命周期成本划分为设计成本、制造成本和售后服务成本,针对生命周期成本及其成本要素之间相互影响的滞后性与复杂性,利用系统动力学方法构建仿真模型。以广州某液压泵厂的YB-E高性能液压泵为例构建仿真模型,模拟出成本项目与成本要素的变化过程,找出关键成本要素,通过调整关键成本要素的取值进一步研究其对总成本的影响。结果表明,将系统动力学应用于企业LCC控制能较好地反映所研究系统内各成本要素间的复杂关系,指导企业有的放矢的采取成本控制措施。     

基于物质流和生命周期分析的石油行业碳排放

国内关于石油生命周期内的碳排放的研究主要集中在石油制品的消费环节,不能真实地反映石油流动生命周期内的碳排放。为了探寻石油生命周期内真实碳排放以及未来发展趋势,本文结合了物质流分析（Material flow analysis,MFA）和生命周期评估（Life Cycle Assessment,LCA）方法,建立了石油生命周期内碳元素流动模型。以国内某大型炼化企业为例,计算了各个环节的隐含碳排放和石油燃烧碳排放量,分析了影响隐含碳排放的关键影响因素,同时,设计了四种不同的情景,分别预测了2015—2050年间中国石油生命周期内的隐含碳排放发展和变化趋势。研究结果表明：①在石油生命周期内,每吨石油在生命周期总碳排放量约为670kg（约折合CO₂ 排放量为2457kg）,其中隐含碳占总碳排放量的23%;②开采环节和炼化环节隐含碳排放分别占隐含碳总量的46%和54%,其中开采环节主要隐含碳排放来自天然气消耗和电力的消耗,分别占总量的47%和30%,炼化环节的隐含碳排放主要来自焦炭燃烧,占总量的46%;③在消费环节中,汽油、柴油和煤油在交通运输业中的消耗量最大,分别占各自总量的42%、53%和80%。提高石油行业能源利用效率和优化能源消费结构是实现国家2030年碳排放达到峰值目标的有效途径。     

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism and obesity: A pilot study from north India

The main adverse consequences of excess bodyweight are cardiovascular disease, type II diabetes, and several cancers, IL-1Ra serum concentration has been reported earlier to increase in human obesity and it is therefore assumed that the polymorphism of IL-1Ra may influence cytokine production. We designed this study to investigate whether the IL-1Ra polymorphism was associated with obesity. A total number of 103 individuals; 19 lean (BMI<25 Kg/m²), 51 overweight (BMI 25–29.9 Kg/m²) and 33 obese (BMI≥30.0 Kg/m²) were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was performed using a polymerase chain reaction PCR amplification of the intron-2 fragment harboring a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) nucleotide sequences 86 pb of tandem repeat. The PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gel. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software (version 11.5). We found no significant difference in genotype and allele frequencies between the three groups; lean vs. overweight and lean vs. obese (p=0.323; 0.202; 0.123 and 0.068 resp). However, an increased risk for obesity had a propensity to be higher in those having genotype II/II. This genotype has been reported to be a ‘high producer’ of IL-1Ra. Although no statistically significant relationship between IL-1Ra polymorphism and BMI was observed, however, a trend towards an increase of allele^*II in overweight and obese group was observed. This may suggest that IL-1Ra appears to be induced by inflammatory stimuli as well as obesity-associated factors. This is relatively a pilot study: but nevertheless, may assist in identifying the pathophysiological cause for obesity.     

氧化型低密度脂蛋白诱导LOX-1 在基因和蛋白水平表达

目的研究氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized LDL, ox-LDL)是否能在基因和蛋白两个水平诱导内皮细胞表达凝集素样氧化低密度脂蛋白受体(lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor, LOX-1),以探讨LOX-1在动脉粥样硬化形成和发展中的作用.方法将不同浓度ox-LDL(20,40,60,80 mg/L)与内皮细胞共孵育24 h及浓度40 mg/L的ox-LDL作用内皮细胞不同时间(0、3、6、12、24 h),反转录聚合酶链反应检测LOX-1 mRNA水平表达,细胞酶联免疫法测定LOX-1蛋白水平表达.结果加入Ox-LDL 20 mg/L使LOX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达量增加(P＜0.01),40 mg/L使其表达量达最高峰,随后逐渐下降.而同一浓度下从0 h～24 h的趋势是LOX-1 mRNA和蛋白逐渐增加(P＜0.01),在12 h增加最明显.结论氧化型低密度脂蛋白呈剂量依赖性和时间依赖性地上调LOX-1 mRNA和蛋白表达,LOX-1可能在动脉粥样硬化形成和发展中起重要作用.     

国外财政政策支持循环经济的比较与启示

循环经济是一个系统工程,其发展需要财政政策予以指导、配合。综观发达国家的财政政策体系,只有德国和日本明确提出了"循环经济"概念,构成了较为完整的财政政策支持体系。其他大部分OECD国家只是把实现可持续发展作为目标,由此财政政策较为凌乱。本文通过对国外尤其是西方发达国家促进循环经济的财政政策的分析与比较,从中发现当前促进循环经济发展的财政政策的异同,为我国财政实践提供借鉴。     

Entrepreneurship policy and the financing of young innovative companies: Evidence from the Italian Startup Act

While there is a general consensus that young innovative companies (YICs) need special attention by public policy which should aim at alleviating the financial constraints these firms commonly suffer, much less agreement has been reached on the most effective policy instruments reputed to accomplish the task. In this respect, if the scientific debate has very much revolved around the dilemma about the crowding-in or crowding-out effect of public R&D subsidies to firms, there is a dearth of scientific studies which analyse the effectiveness and potential interrelations of different policy instruments which at the same time and in the same institutional context are offered to YICs. By taking advantage of the Italian Startup Act issued in 2012, we analyse, for the first time, the possible existence of interrelationships between firm access to a Government-guaranteed (GG) bank loan programme and fiscal incentives for venture capital (VC) equity investments. Results suggest two important facts. First, the two mechanisms appear to be functional to different typologies of YICs. Second, VC investments significantly reduce the probability to access GG bank loans. Overall, our analysis highlights a sort of “institutional division of labour” between the two measures and depicts what we label as a Task segmentation effect.     

Study of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) gene polymorphism in healthy individuals from Northern India

Cytokines play a key role in immune responses and inflammation. IL-1Ra is a naturally occurring structural variant of IL-1 that competitively inhibits receptor binding of IL-1. We have investigated the polymorphism in intron-2 of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene in North Indian population. This genetic variation has been of great interest due to its possible association with a variety of human diseases primarily of epithelial and endothelial cell origin such as urolithiasis etc. Allele frequencies of the IL-1Ra polymorphism vary among different populations but there is no data till date reported from India. The present study was carried out to determine the IL-1Ra gene Polymorphism in 165 normal unrelated individuals from North India. We obtained an allelic frequency of 63.94, 30.61, 4.55, 0.90 for A, B, C and D allele and percentage of genotypes AA, BB, CC, DD, A/B, A/C, A/D and B/C were 49.7, 18.2, 2.42, 0.60, 24.2, 3.63, 0.60, 0.60 respectively. Our results suggested that the frequency and distribution of this polymorphism in India is substantially different from other populations and ethnic groups.     

TCTE3mRNA在人肝癌细胞株中的表达特征

探讨TCTE3 mRNA在人肝癌细胞株中的表达水平及意义。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测TCTE3基因在常规培养或缺氧诱导（CoCl2为诱导剂）的人肝癌细胞株中的表达情况。TCTE3 mRNA在常规培养的人正常肝细胞株L02,肝癌细胞株Bel-7402、SMMC-7721、HepG2和QGY-7701中不表达或极低表达;但经缺氧诱导后,SMMC-7721细胞中的TCTE3 mRNA表达量逐渐升高,4h达到最大,随后逐渐降低,与HIF1a mRNA表达的曲线变化有一定相似之处,只是这种变化的时间要早于HIF1a基因。在缺氧状态下肝癌细胞TCTE3 mRNA表达增加,且这种上调表达可能对HIF1a mRNA的表达有一定的促进作用。     

Dielectrophoretic differentiation of mouse ovarian surface epithelial cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts using contactless dielectrophoresis

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancies in women. The primary challenge is the detection of the cancer at an early stage, since this drastically increases the survival rate. In this study we investigated the dielectrophoretic responses of progressive stages of mouse ovarian surface epithelial (MOSE) cells, as well as mouse fibroblast and macrophage cell lines, utilizing contactless dielectrophoresis (cDEP). cDEP is a relatively new cell manipulation technique that has addressed some of the challenges of conventional dielectrophoretic methods. To evaluate our microfluidic device performance, we computationally studied the effects of altering various geometrical parameters, such as the size and arrangement of insulating structures, on dielectrophoretic and drag forces. We found that the trapping voltage of MOSE cells increases as the cells progress from a non-tumorigenic, benign cell to a tumorigenic, malignant phenotype. Additionally, all MOSE cells display unique behavior compared to fibroblasts and macrophages, representing normal and inflammatory cells found in the peritoneal fluid. Based on these findings, we predict that cDEP can be utilized for isolation of ovarian cancer cells from peritoneal fluid as an early cancer detection tool.     

创业机会的深度分析——生命周期理论的视角

 在创业研究领域，创业机会研究的重要性已经成为共识。现有的研究中，创业机会研究仍停留在概念层面，创业机会的内在特征和发展规律上缺乏深层次的分析。本文应用生命周期理论对创业机会的发展规律进行了考察，基于创业机会内在特征的不同发展阶段划分了几类创业机会，并且针对不同类型的创业机会提出了不同的机会开发措施。     

Past,present and future of the carbon cycle

<正>The recent Ninth International Carbon Dioxide Conference(ICDC9)held in Beijing highlighted the importance and urgency of global carbon management,research challenges,and recent eforts made by Chinese scientists in this area.Emissions from fossil fuel use for energy and land use increase atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2)levels,but carbon sinks in the ocean and on land are currently absorbing half of fossil fuel emissions.However,neither it is clear how these     

Past,present and future of the carbon cycle

<正>The recent Ninth International Carbon Dioxide Conference(ICDC9)held in Beijing highlighted the importance and urgency of global carbon management,research challenges,and recent eforts made by Chinese scientists in this area.Emissions from fossil fuel use for energy and land use increase atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2)levels,but carbon sinks in the ocean and on land are currently absorbing half of fossil fuel emissions.However,neither it is clear how these     

企业生命周期与创新平衡适应性成长:CAS视角

企业面临双元创新之间的平衡问题一直悬而未决。本文基于2007-2015年制造业上市公司的数据，运用非平衡面板回归对企业不同阶段的创新效率与效果进行了检验。在此基础上，结合复杂适应系统理论提出了双元平衡的成长框架。结果表明：从静态视角看，间断平衡有助于提高创新效率，而双元平衡有助于提高创新效果；结合企业生命周期，成长期企业的创新具有高效率、低效果的特征，成熟期企业的创新具有高效果、低效率的特征，衰退期企业的创新则表现出效果与效率的双重改进；最后，运用复杂适应系统理论分析了双元平衡存在阶段化创新产出的原因，将双元平衡方式的演进总结为被动拼凑、粗放整合、动态协奏三个阶段，为不同阶段的企业平衡双元行为提供了借鉴。