Fluency with information technology

This article contrasts “computer literacy” with a deeper kind of knowledge and understanding called “fluency with information technology.” Computer literacy generally focuses on skills—the ability to use a few computer applications. But skills become obsolete with new technologies, and so skills with specific applications are thus necessary but not sufficient for individuals to adapt to new information technologies in the future. By contrast, fluency with information technology includes a skills component—but also includes an understanding of the foundational concepts of information technology and the ability to use problem-solving intellectual capabilities in an information technology context.     

迈向21世纪的检索技术

迈向２１世纪的检索技术张帆，娄策群Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｂｅｉｎｇａｂａｓｉｃｍｅａｎｓｆｏｒｐｅｏｐｌｅｔｏｓｔｏｒｅｉｎａｎｄａｃｃｅｓｓｔｏｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓ，ｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｒｅｔｒｉｅｖａｌａｍｏｎｇｏｔｈｅｒｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｓｏｔｌ...     

实用分类系统与语义网：发展现状和研究课题

语义网（Semantic Web）是当前因特网的延伸，在语义网中信息被赋予清晰的定义与含义，因而计算机和人可以更好地合作。语义网的目标是要充分发挥因特网的潜力，最终使技术能够让机器支持全球化的知识交流。实现语义网的核心是对实用分类系统（ontologies）的开发和利用。实用分类系统已经远远超出图书馆学、哲学、知识表述的范畴，图书馆、信息产业、工商业都在注视语义网技术的开发和应用。研究结果表明，实用分类系统在支持电子商务的浏览和检索与知识管理配置的可互操作性方面起着关键的作用。本文针对目前语义网的发展和实用分类系统的技术，对其应用领域、主要技术和标准、研究项目、发展动向作一综述和评论，并介绍在语义网方面的几个主要研究课题。     

知识管理与虚拟图书馆的优化建设

知识管理就是对人的管理,知识管理的理念、知识管理的技术与方法在虚拟图书馆信息资源优化建设中发挥着主导作用。     

面向移动学习的人体解剖系统的设计与实现

人体解剖系统是一项医学与信息技术、计算机技术相交叉的研究课题。分析了移动学习及人体解剖系统的背景,设计和实现了基于移动平台智能终端的人体解剖系统,该系统在人体解剖的教学及医学科普教育上具有良好的应用前景。     

数字图书馆发展的人文主义价值取向

数字图书馆发展应该坚持人文主义价值取向，充分利用现代信息技术优势，构造一个以用户为人文关怀对象、以知识服务为人文关怀内容、以知识资源全社会共享为人文关怀最终目的的知识传播与利用的环境，实现数字图书馆技术和图书馆人文精神的高度融合。     

信息参考服务的冲突管理与技术实现

基于信息参考服务的理念和专业伦理等方面内涵，探讨图书馆参考服务过程中冲突理论相关问题，同时结合计算机通信技术和数据库技术，讨论分析现代信息参考服务中的冲突管理问题，提出在现代信息服务中如何正确有效处理客户冲突的一系列过程、方法及策略。     

国外知识组织技术研究的现状、实践与热点

国外对知识组织的研究和实践已经进行得比较深入。知识组织技术的研究进展表现在:突出以语义网为代表的相关技术研究;以知识组织系统推动知识组织发展;以搜索引擎为代表的知识组织方式研究。国外的知识组织技术项目主要有DSPace项目、Haystack项目、SIMILE项目、Bricks项目和Corrib.org项目。从文献组织到信息组织、从信息组织到知识组织,以图书馆、档案馆和情报中心为主的信息机构在这样的变迁过程中,具备了充分的理论基础并积累了大量的实践经验。     

国内外政府信息公开研究综述

指出国外政府信息公开在制度、理论、技术和实践等方面的研究卓有成效;国内也已形成政府信息公开制度、内容、方式、技术等方面的广泛研究;政府信息公开理论进一步推动政府信息公开的发展;结论：虽然政府信息公开研究内容琳琅满目,但完整的政府信息公开理论体系还没有诞生。     

基于信息共享空间的知识管理与电子化学习融合模型研究

为促进信息共享空间建设与应用,探讨信息共享空间知识管理与电子化学习的融合模型。由于知识管理与电子化学习具有相关性与互补性以及信息共享空间为知识管理与电子化学习的融合创造了有利条件,因而知识管理与电子化学习的融合是可行的,但是面临来自于观念、技术、功能、内容、交互性等方面的障碍。利用模型方法设计面向代理的知识管理与电子化学习融合模型,该模型把多代理系统、知识管理系统、电子化学习系统集成起来,能够利用信息共享空间、大学图书馆提供校园范围内的知识管理与电子化学习。     

RSS/ATOM:提高图书馆服务水平的新技术

如何利用新技术来提高图书馆的服务水平一直是图书馆人思索的问题。RSS／ATOM是博客流行的技术基础，它的统一信息发布标准可以用来改善图书馆的服务手段，提高图书馆的服务水平，为图书馆带来了新的发展机会。本文首先分析了RSS／ATOM的基本原理，然后探讨了该技术在图书馆服务方面的应用，如信息发布、知识交流、营造交流空间等。     

Information policy: Content and challenges for an effective knowledge society

Information policy is the set of strategies and actions defined at a geographical or institutional level in order to satisfy information needs expressed by people and assure development goals. With the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), new stakeholders appear, including both information producers and consumers, raising problems relative to authenticity, reliability, and evaluation of information, and also the problem of full and effective use of information technology. As information policy aims at providing access to timely information, it should attempt also to make people fluent with technology. Toward achieving this objective some challenges are faced which are related to access to technology, computer literacy, ability to read and write, and early childhood development.     

Information policy: Content and challenges for an effective knowledge society

Information policy is the set of strategies and actions defined at a geographical or institutional level in order to satisfy information needs expressed by people and assure development goals. With the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), new stakeholders appear, including both information producers and consumers, raising problems relative to authenticity, reliability, and evaluation of information, and also the problem of full and effective use of information technology. As information policy aims at providing access to timely information, it should attempt also to make people fluent with technology. Toward achieving this objective some challenges are faced which are related to access to technology, computer literacy, ability to read and write, and early childhood development.     

WWW文本信息知识化服务系统的设计与实现

知识经济时代,知识作为一种资源在企业中显得越来越重要。知识是信息的一部分,信息经过加工可以转化为知识。信息需求和知识需求实际上是统一的、一致的,都是解决实际问题而产生的需。目前,因特网已经成为当今世界上最大的信息资源库,也是最主要的信息传播渠道。搜索引擎(Search Engines)的出现,尽管在一定程度上增强了人们定位信息的能力,但它的搜索结果却很难让人满意。本系统综合应用计算机网络技术、计算软件开发技术、现代汉语处理等技术,实现对科技类WWW文本信息的有效管理和信息高效应用。即能对采集来的WWW文本信息进行知识化处理并进而实现个性化知识服务的系统,以实规将提升信息为知识,并使之为信息用户所使用,依此改善信息使用现状。     

The potential of information and communication technologies in collecting,preserving and disseminating indigenous knowledge in Africa

Abstract

This paper first gives an outline of the importance of African indigenous knowledge. After that it gives the definition of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and indigenous knowledge (IK). It then goes on to highlight examples in which information communication technologies have been used to preserve IK successfully. The paper further lists projects which are still underway, in which information communication technologies are being harnessed in the collection and preservation of the IK. Lastly the paper looks at the challenges faced by African countries in harnessing information communication technologies in preserving IK and gives recommendations on the way forward.     

知识技术的发展对知识工程的影响

从知识技术的概念和研究内容入手,分析知识工程和知识技术研究的共通之处。阐述知识工程发展的瓶颈以及知识获取的主要难题。认为知识技术研究从发展机遇、知识建模:知识重同和共享三个方面对知识工程提供支持,另外,从五个方面 预测今后知识技术和知识工程的研究重点和研究方向。     

Implications of technological advances for access to the cultural heritage of selected countries in sub-Saharan Africa

Public records and archives constitute a valuable part of sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) cultural heritage. However, technological advances threaten long-term access to public records and archives. The computer (and its associated technologies) is the major driving force behind the technological changes affecting access to information. The use of information technologies has led to the proliferation of digital information. There are significant challenges associated with ensuring access to digital materials into the future as compared with traditionally paper-based information. A recent survey of selected countries from SSA revealed that long-term access to records and archives is going to be hampered by lack of resources and plans for ensuring access to information resulting from the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The development of strategies for managing digital documents over time is key to accessing the cultural heritage of SSA by the present and future generations.     

Information Systems: Problems of Image Registration and Reproduction

Due to the rapid development of visualization tools and technologies, the image information plays in the life of society a more and more large role in the course of time. There are widespread different image search and display systems which develop and could be integrated in various information systems. Long ago, many sections had been separated from the fundamental sphere of image information processing as independent directions with specific scientific objectives, such as computer graphics, computer vision, digital photography and others. The tendency to separation of new directions intended for different problems solving persists still, what is confirmed by the enormous annual number of publications. A wide variety of software products can meet the needs practically of any specific problem. But in present variety of image information processing it is possible to separate some general tendencies and some main central problems, which solving determines the image quality and the information systems operation evaluated by ultimate consumer.       

利用知识管理来创造竞争优势

信息技术的进步和基于知识服务的经济增长正在改变技术创新和厂商竞争的基础,使得知识管理成为厂商获得成功的关键.文章提出一种知识供应网络模型,能使厂商利用组织学习和知识管理来获得产品设计、制造和交付方面的竞争力,从而获得持续的竞争优势.     

从信息管理到知识管理的发展

本文以作者最近在美国的专业考察为基础 ,参考国内外学者对于信息管理与知识管理的概念性认识 ,探讨了信息管理与知识管理的相关性 ,进一步论述了信息管理到知识管理的发展。同时概述了近几年所出现的各种知识管理项目和人与技术在其中所起作用的转变趋势。最后 ,举例说明了美国最新发起的全球知识共享项目和知识管理项目 ,并以此针对我国的信息管理提出了发展知识管理的几点建议