Engaging junior college students in computer‐mediated lessons using scaffolding strategies

This paper discusses the findings of a collective case study of two junior colleges in Singapore. It aims to identify and describe the scaffolding strategies used by teachers to engage students in computer‐mediated lessons. For students to engage in the learning process, they need to be equipped with the learning strategies and see the relevance of the concepts and principles presented. By employing methods such as observations, focus group discussions with students and face‐to‐face interviews with teachers, an account of how scaffolding strategies are used in computer‐mediated lessons is generated. The account identifies and describes four categories of scaffolding strategies: orienting activities, peer interactions, prompts and modelling.     

Getting closer: workplace guidance for lifelong learning

The purposes of this article are twofold. First, it considers the policy links between guidance and lifelong learning, highlighting in particular the implications of findings from a recent study by the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD). Secondly, it critically compares two approaches to workplace guidance about education and training, drawing upon evaluations of various initiatives organized by trade unions and employers in Denmark and the UK. These evaluations are based on qualitative data collected from in‐depth interviews with those responsible for organizing and giving the guidance, as well as those who received it. Five interviews were conducted with recipients of guidance in each country, either face‐to‐face or by telephone, using a semi‐structured interview schedule. The conclusions suggest some issues that need to be addressed by guidance practitioners and policy makers, including employers and trade unions.     

广西计算机等级考试成绩实例分析

在全国高校计算机考试(广西考区)中,考试成绩以Excel表格的形式按高校进行分类储存。作者采用Excel Link连接Excel和Matlab软件,利用Matlab强大的数据计算和可视化能力对Excel中的数据进行分析处理。分析结果显示,广西各高校计算机基础教学水平逐步提高,考试命题质量趋于稳定。数据处理过程具有普适性,可作为区内各高校考试成绩分析的参考。     

A study of present use and usefulness of computer-based learning at a technical university

This article is based on a survey carried out at Imperial College, to understand better needs, problems, advantages/disadvantages and solutions in the use of new technologies in a specific context, such as engineering education. In comparison with other research on this matter, perceptions, benefits and barriers to using computer-assisted learning and information and communication technologies in higher education, the present study reveals something more about the use of educational technologies in scientific subjects: many lecturers believe that technical subjects do appear to benefit greatly from the ability to teach using real-life computer simulations which help with student motivation and understanding. Moreover, the use of computers allows practical experiences and help in data analysis, and often work would be impossible without computers. Nevertheless, the survey results indicate that, although there are many advantages in the use of computers in teaching and learning, there are many difficulties for lecturers in using the new technologies because of logistical problems, such as lack of time, technical support, appropriate software and hardware, etc. There is a need to consider what support can be offered and how, on a national level.     

近代物理实验中的计算机应用

为了更充分适应在智能条件下的近代物理实验,需要了解计算机在近代实验中的作用．文章借助几个典型的微机型近代物理实验一核磁共振、顺磁共振、塞曼效应以及原子光谱实验,从数据采集和数据处理两方面研究了近代物理实验的智能化方式．数据采集可归结为两种方式,一种是借助于计算机自带的多媒体设备接收数据,另一种需要安装图像采集卡,并需要在电脑安装设备驱动程序．数据处理是近代实验智能化的主要目的,结合钠原子光谱实验,借助专用软件,快速处理数据,并给出可视化结果．研究结果有助于更好利用计算机,使计算机在近代物理实验中更好地发挥其作用．     

五沟矿井1011工作面覆岩破坏移动规律研究

以皖北五沟矿井1011采掘工作面的测井钻孔资料及岩土试验报告为依据,按照该采掘面的实际情况,按照一定建模原则,设计两个计算模型:走向模型Ⅰ和倾向模型Ⅱ,分析开采后上覆岩层移动演化特征,分别从覆岩横向、竖向移动规律进行探讨,从而预测冒落带的分布、导水裂隙带的高度。     

Computer use in learning about language

This study is part of a research project aimed at studying ways and effects of introducing computer use within a context of linguistic education. Linguistic activities, in which language was treated as an object instead of a means of communication, were carried out through a curriculum unit aimed at developing reflection on language. Within the curriculum a new software has been developed and implemented. The software promotes reflection on language and metalinguistic awareness in a social and educational context in wich «playing with language» is stimulated in children. It requires language comprehension and production, and offers to children (working in groups of three) the open task of composing sentences and stories in a problem solving setting. In this study we collected observational data on children’s interactions with the software and used the data as an ecological measure of children’s metalinguistic development. Positiv effects of the curriculum supported by the computer use were verified through measures of metalinguistic skills, investigated through individual interviews and administered also to a matched control group.     

有关计算机辅助教学的思考

随着计算机多媒体技术和网络技术的迅速发展,计算机辅助教学已成为当前教育发展的一大主流.文章阐述了CAI具有传统教学模式所不具备的优势,同时也指出,部分教师因未能深刻理解CAI在教学中的具体定位而导致在应用该项技术时出现了一定的偏差.作者分析了计算机辅助教学的真正作用,对软件的开发、教师的培训,以及在新的教学模式下教师的角色等问题作了深刻的探讨.     

基于JDBC的数据库访问技术

介绍了在Java应用程序中通过JDBC连接数据库的方法和过程,详细解释了在连接过程中需要运用的接口方法以及驱动,并给出了一个成功连接到SQL Server 2000数据库的实例。     

Promoting entrepreneurship among informatics engineering students: insights from a case study

ABSTRACT

Universities seek to promote entrepreneurship through effective education approaches, which need to be in permanent evolution. Nevertheless, the literature in entrepreneurship education lacks empirical evidence. This article discusses relevant issues related to promoting entrepreneurship in the software field, based on the experience of a 15-European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System course. This course seeks to instil in the students the recognition of the need to reconcile technical and business visions, organisational and commercial aspects, most of which have never been addressed previously. A series of semi-structured interviews made it possible to obtain relevant insights about the teaching–learning process underlying this course and its evolution over a seven-year period. Materials related with this course have been analysed, namely guidelines produced by the teachers and deliverables produced by the students. This article discusses the dimensions that were identified as fundamental for promoting entrepreneurship skills in the field of software, namely teamwork, project engagement, and contact with the market.     

Mastering course content and learner satisfaction in early childhood education: A comparison of regular classroom instruction with three variations of internet delivery*

Abstract

In the spring semester 2000, a Penn State course, ECE 479 (The Young Child's Play as Educative Process), was taught by the same instructor in four delivery formats. One group consisted of a regular classroom, held on campus. A second group, also on campus, was taught in a computer lab via the Internet; and there were opportunities for interaction with peers and the instructor. A third group took the course on the Internet as part of a local distance education group; hence, there were some limited opportunities for face‐to‐face interaction with peers and the instructor. The fourth group took the course on the Internet, as part of a statewide distance education group, where there were no opportunities for face‐to‐face interaction. Twenty students who enrolled in the course (5 per group) completed questionnaires and phone interviews. Information was gathered on professional backgrounds, computer experience, and initial level of content knowledge on the topic of the ECE Internet course. Sixteen students who completed the course were interviewed again to evaluate satisfaction with the course and to estimate learning outcomes. Across the four conditions general satisfaction was expressed with the content, activities, and course requirements and with the teacher. However, students in the three computer groups expressed dissatisfaction over technical problems (all four who did not complete the course came from these computer groups). Significant gains in content knowledge occurred for the classroom group, while the learning in the three Internet‐based instruction groups did not show the same gains. Concern was expressed related to the lack of face‐to‐face interaction, making the learning environment less desirable. Although Internet technology provides a great deal of promise, these results suggest that improvements are needed to make this delivery modality more effective for in‐service distance learning. © 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

     

基于OPC服务器和网站应用程序的可编程逻辑控制器

各大主流PLC厂家的上位机组态软件都支持建立OPC服务器。用微软公司的Visual C#编写一个Web应用程序作为PLC的监控画面,建立此Web应用程序与OPC服务器的通讯,并把它在Internet上发布。基于Web应用程序的优点,可以使用电脑、手机等任意浏览器(无须安装控件)通过Internet像访问普通网页一样访问画面来监控PLC。     

一种新型的机房软件维护模式

由于教学需求变化以及系统升级等原因,机房里的机器经常需要做一些软件更新。通常可用具有网络传输功能的硬盘保护卡来完成这份工作。问题在于随着硬盘数据的增加,进行数据传输的时间越来越长,加上部分机器掉线的缘故,使得效率比较低下。提出了一种基于局域网广播的远程软件维护模式,可以大大提高机房管理效率。     

高校公共机房软件管理模式探讨

根据高校公共机房的实际管理经验,分析探讨了使用软件进行管理的机房管理模式,并对使用的主要管理软件进行了详细介绍．     

高校课件教学中存在的问题及其优化

课件在大学里深受欢迎,但许多高校教师在使用课件时存在课件教学信息量过大,学生课堂记笔记和课后复习困难;变“人灌”为“机灌”或者“人机共灌”;过度依赖课件,过度注重感官刺激,与教学目的相背离等问题。要克服这些问题,高校教师必须要树立正确的课件教学观,客观正确地对待课件在教学中的作用;课件教学应有机结合传统教学,发挥各自优势;课件制作应以学生为本;课件教学环境下教师更应注重教书育人,注意应用启发式教学。使用课件进行教学必须精心准备;注重教师课件制作培训和服务。提高课件制作水平。     

Where Next in Computer Aided Learning?

The paper is concerned with the use of the computer as a medium for teaching, a tool for learning and a manager of learning. Its special characteristic is seen to be its ability to take a non-trivial role in an interactive situation. The dramatic reduction in the cost of computer hardware is put forward as the major reason for the increasing importance of computer aided learning. The use of computers in support of both unstructured and structured learning situations is discussed. It is argued that the design methods used for the development of computer aided learning facilities need to be adaptive. It is further argued that appropriate hardware and software development tools need to be provided in order to enable adaptive design methods to be used. The particular importance of paying attention to the man-computer interface in designing computer aided learning systems is discussed. The need to be able to modify the interface after the system has been used by students is emphasized.     

USING COMPUTER CONFERENCING IN TEACHING

For 3years, I have been teaching neuroscience courses by using computer conferencing to complement the traditional lectures. Typically, the conferencing involved local, on‐campus students, although one semester the class was combined from on‐campus and off‐campus students. For most of my 33‐year teaching career, I had used the teaching approach that most professors use, which is what educational theorists call “instructivist.” Critics call that “stand and deliver.” Lecturing is an efficient way to dispense organized information, but it does not ensure learning nor is it very effective in showing students how to learn on their own.

Instructivism can be enriched by complementing it with “constructivist” approaches. Constructivists argue that there is a direct relationship between the amount of learning that occurs and the extent to which the environment provides a rich source of engaging experiences in which students construct their own knowledge and understanding. I have found that such an environment is readily provided by computer conferencing.

In my teaching of neuroscience, I have used a network software system (FORUM) for small student groups to conduct a variety of constructivist learning activities. Within weekly deadlines, students worked in groups at their own pace and time of convenience. My impression of the advantages of such conferencing for constructivist activities include the promotion of socialization in “cyberspace,” providing an environment for team learning, the reduction of social problems in face‐to‐face instruction, increased teaching and learning efficiency, more comprehensive means for assessing student learning, and improved quality of student work.     

计算机样条的数学形式——逐段圆曲线插值

所谓的计算机样条,是应用计算机绘图软件在已知结点上生成的一条可控形状的光滑平面曲线.计算机样条的数学形式是一组递推公式,避免了线性方程组的求解.由于圆曲线的双值性,使用解析法时需借助图解法,虽不很方便但可获得更高的精度.     

关于"计算机多媒体课件"制作的实践与思考

随着计算机技术特别是多媒体技术的迅速发展，学校对计算机辅助教学越来越重视，校园网络和多媒体教室已经成为当下教学重要的手段和途径。计算机现代媒体技术在教学中越来越突显出其优势作用，利用计算机制作的教学软件成为课堂教学中重要的教学手段。     

在智能手机平台上实现PCA人脸识别算法

人脸识别技术,是近几年在全球范围内迅速发展起来的计算机安全技术.以高端智能手机的安全应用为载体,结合主元分析(PCA Principle Component Analysis)法和多权值函数神经网络在人脸识别中的优势, 利用非线性多权值函数神经网络实现多主元提取,以及多权值函数神经网络识别.给出了完成人脸图像的检测、特征向量提取、人脸图像识别相对应的硬件系统架构、人脸识别算法流程和算法实现类图.