生物学哲学中的纲领方法论

生物学哲学的正统观点强调生物学与物理学的根本区别，并将特异性与普遍性绝对地对立起来。但是，通过对孟德尔的豌豆实验和摩尔根的果蝇实验的分析，科学哲学的通用原理(如科学研究纲领方法论)对生物学理论(如摩尔根遗传学)继续有效，纲领方法论的普遍原理可以成为分析生物学理论有效的方法论工具。     

现代德育研究中的人文方法论与科学方法论

人文方法论和科学方法论是现代德育研究中两种重要的方法论。前者是在人文科学的土壤上孕育形成的适合于人文科学研究的基本思想和方法的理论。后者则是在自然科学土壤上孕育形成的适合于自然科学研究的基本思想和方法的理论。现代德育研究具有很强的人文性，但人文性并不否定科学性。人文方法论的人文精神和人文方法，科学方法论的科学精神和科学方法对现代德育研究都具有启发和借鉴意义。     

数学教育研究的方法论问题与"元数学教育"的提出

近年来,数学教育研究的学术规范日益成为数学教育界关注的课题.实证研究方法并不是数学教育研究方法的唯一抉择.数学教育研究方法应该是多样化的.“元数学教育”概念的提出将会把对数学教育学术规范问题的探讨引向新的理论高度.     

数学—科学—数学：拉卡托斯哲学思想轨迹

拉卡托斯的“科学研究纲领方法”是以其教学哲学理论为框架而建立起来的,是其数学哲学思想渗透到其科学哲学研究中的结果;尔后,拉卡托斯又尝试性地要把“科学研究纲领方法论”推广到数学哲学中去,试图建立起“数学研究纲领方法论”。     

论科学哲学与霍姆斯比较教育下方法论

霍姆斯是当代较有影响的比较教育学家，其比较教育方法论在比较教育领域具有重要的地位和深远的影响，本文试图深入分析霍姆斯基于波普尔科学哲学的比较教育方法论，包括反归纳主义，理论先于观察以经验证伪为原则的假设－演绎法，以期对他的比较教育法论有一个较透彻的理解。     

论规范自然主义的方法论

方法论构成了规范自然主义中最重要的一环。该理论认为,方法论规则应被看作是假言命令式,方法论规则与它要实现的认知目标之间的关系可以得到历史的考察,以此为基础我们就能对方法论做出取舍。因此,方法论是一项经验性的事业,有合理的评价模式,但史料分析可以否证这种自然主义方法论。对方法论规则的多样化和普遍性程度的研究,揭示了方法论评价的概念维度,而这正是规范自然主义的方法论没考虑到的。     

系统科学方法论与教育研究

系统科学对教育研究的方法论意义是不言而喻的。文章力图从历史的角度阐述系统科学产生和发展的轨迹,从古代系统的滥觞到近代系统观的形成再到现代系统论的诞生都作了较为详细的回顾;在此基础上,分析了系统科学方法论与教育研究的密切关系。列出了系统科学方法论对教育研究的价值所在:它有助于人们对教育的重新认识;有助于更好地解释一些教育现象;也为我们提供了整体思维方式。文章最后还指出了系统论本身的缺陷对教育研究的负面影响。     

系统科学中的方法论与认识论的哲学思考

本文从科学哲学的角度探讨了系统科学的结构与方法，阐述了系统科学方法论、认识论的理论基础。同时对系统信息论、系统控制及学科逻辑系统进行了初步探讨，从而为系统科学的进一步研究拓展了一条思路。     

谈科学方法论在语言学研究中的不可或缺性

科学方法论在社会科学各个领域中无处、无时不在,语言学研究每个阶段需要科学方法论的指导。所以科学方法论是语言学工作者必须了解的一门科学。本文简要归纳科学方法论包含的主要内容,阐明该学科对语言学研究各个阶段具有不可或缺的指导意义。     

Philosophy of Science and School Science

The purpose of professional education programs is to prepare aspiring professionals for the challenges of practice within a particular profession. These programs typically seek to ensure the acquisition of necessary knowledge and skills, as well as providing opportunities for their application. While not denying the importance of knowledge and skills, this paper reconfigures professional education as a process of becoming. Learning to become a professional involves not only what we know and can do, but also who we are (becoming). It involves integration of knowing, acting, and being in the form of professional ways of being that unfold over time. When a professional education program focuses on the acquisition and application of knowledge and skills, it falls short of facilitating their integration into professional ways of being. In addition, through such a focus on epistemology (or theory of knowing), ontology (or theory of being) is overlooked. This paper explores what it means to develop professional ways of being where the focus is becoming, not simply knowing as an end in itself.     

Philosophy of Science in the Science Teacher Education Curriculum

Summaries

English

The purpose of this article is to promote awareness of a growing body of literature concerned with the relationship between the epistemology of science and school science education, and to stimulate debate concerning the role such epistemological considerations should play in the professional training of science teachers. First of all, a rationale is provided for the inclusion of the epistemology of science and its relationship to school science education as an essential component on the professional training of all science teachers. This is followed by a review of existing resources for use in science teacher education curricula, and suggestions for new resource material. Finally, a possible curriculum for inclusion in science teacher education programmes is presented.     

科学与宗教--科学哲学题中应有之义

科学与宗教作为人类把握世界的不同方式，二者的关系构成了人类思想领域的永恒主题。它们之间既有历时态相互作用，又有共时态相互影响，二者的互制、互促、互克、互害、互融所引起的整合、冲突、协调，为理解科学提供了线索。科学哲学既需要了解它们的发生学渊源，又要研究它们相互作用、相互制约的历史过程与逻辑形态，才能达到对科学的完全理解。科学与宗教的关系乃是科学哲学题中应有之义。     

科学发展观的哲学意蕴

党的十六届三中全会明确提出了以人为本,全面、协调、可持续的科学发展观.科学发展现蕴含着丰富的哲学思想:以人为本是对马克思主义历史主体理论的继承与创新;全面发展是对立统一规律在我国社会主义现代化建设中的运用和发展;协调发展体现了唯物辩证法普遍联系的特征;可持续发展正确把握了人与自然的关系.     

Philosophy of Science and Education

This is a vast and vague topic. In order to do justice to it one has to write a book or maybe more than one. For it can be understood in quite different ways and on different levels For example you may think mainly of the historical aspect, that is how philosophy of science developed in the last hundred or so years and how its influence on education changed; you may think of quite different schools of philosophy, from Marxist or positivist to such exotic but at some places influential philosophic positions like that of Rudolph Steiner; of course, you may limit the subject to special fields like epistemology, theory of scientific methodology, or, what has become fashionable recently, sociology of knowledge which may have a considerable bearing on physics teaching (Collins and Shapin 1983; Jung 1985). Again we may think of the topic treated by a philosopher, a scientist, an educationalist, a teacher, which would mean quite a difference. I am trying here to speak as an educationalist, with the physics teacher in mind: this is my vocational perspective as someone who educates physics teachers. Of course, our main concern is the contribution of science, especially physics, to general education, which integrates many of the special topics mentioned. Philosophy of science comes in because it is not at all clear what science and physics is, and what of it should be taught, and how such chosen parts should be taught. I also take this opportunity to give an idea of the longstanding tradition of this discussion in Germany, connected with names like Wagenshein, Litt, Heisenberg and many others.