浅析半夏的炮制方法

半夏是中药中最早记栽的炮制品种之一，而且随时代的变迁炮制方法有所发展．现将目前市场上半夏的三个主要炮制品种清半夏、姜半夏、法半夏的历代炮制方法进行总结、评价，以促进半夏炮制工艺水平的进一步提高．     

浅析半夏的炮制方法

半夏是中药中最早记载的炮制品种之一,而且随时代的变迁炮制方法有所发展.现将目前市场上半夏的三个主要炮制品种清半夏、姜半夏、法半夏的历代炮制方法进行总结、评价,以促进半夏炮制工艺水平的进一步提高.     

中药炮制实验教学的PBL模式

通过PBL实验教学,提高学生中药炮制实际工作的操作能力。将中药炮制实验教学部分内容采取PBL教学模式,以单味中药材用不同的炮制加工方法,来探讨中药药性的变化意义。学生普遍对PBL教学法反映较好,既掌握了重点、难点内容,又增强了中药炮制的实践能力。与传统的实验教学模式相比,PBL实验教学模式在培养学生中药材炮制加工技能上有明显优势。     

熟地黄加工炮制方法研究

为解决目前中药材市场上熟地炮制品大多不合格的情况,通过参考有关文献和向专家请教后对熟地黄炮制方法进行了初步的探索,并最终采用高压炖制的方法制出了符合药典要求的炮制品.     

气质联用法对乳香炮制前后挥发性成分分析

目的：研究不同炮制方法对乳香挥发性成分的影响.方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏-气质联用法（SD-GC-MS）对乳香炮制前后的挥发性成分进行分析.结果：生品乳香与酒制乳香从挥发性成分种类看基本为烷烃类化学组分,炮制前后没有明显变化;烘制乳香挥发性成分在含量和组成上变化明显,由原来的8个组分增加为15个组分,一些衍生物类成分经过烘制后产生较多,含量较高.结论：本研究从乳香炮制前后挥发性成分变化的角度,为进一步探讨乳香炮制机制提供了科学依据.     

知母的研究概况

近年来药学工作者对知母进行了较为系统的研究,本文通过查阅有关知母研究文献,对知母的化学成分、药理作用及炮制方法等内容进行了综述,发现有关知母的现代研究,尤其是炮制研究尚不完善,有待于进一步深入研究,期待为优选知母最佳炮制工艺,规范知母饮片生产,指导临床合理、有效用药提供参考依据。     

基于PBL的中药炮制学教学改革研究与实践——以地黄的炮制为例

目的:探讨PBL教学方法在中药炮制学教学中的适应性和应用效果。方法:通过我校本科生关于地黄的炮制教学中应用PBL教学方法,对教学改革的效果做出评价。结果与结论:我校本科生中药炮制学教学中实践PBL教学改革,教学效果比非PBL教学课程的教学效果好很多,PBL教学方法适合在中药炮制学教学中应用。     

菟丝子丸（《扁鹊心书》）

药物组成：菟丝子一斤（淘净，酒煮，捣成饼，焙干），附子（制）四两。 炮制方法：共为末，酒糊九，梧子大。     

能力本位中药炮制技术课程标准的开发

依据中药专业的人才培养方案,研究者对能力本位中药炮制技术课程标准的开发进行了研究,研究者重点介绍了课程标准中药炮制技术制定的过程,包括中药炮制课程标准制定的思路以及创新点,为中药炮制技术课程的研发提供借鉴。     

8种不同炮制方法对女贞子中4种化学成分含量的影响

目的:依据相关地方标准中8种不同的炮制方法对女贞子进行加工炮制,考察女贞子炮制品中4种化学成分含量变化,为女贞子的加工炮制工艺优化提供的参考.方法:选取江苏、北京、广东等省市地方炮制规范中8种代表性的女贞子炮制工艺(黄酒蒸、黄酒炖、单蒸、米酒蒸、盐蒸、醋蒸、白酒炖、盐炒)分别炮制加工女贞子样品,并采用HPLC程序梯度洗脱方法,同时测定女贞子不同炮制品中4种成分的含量.结果:与女贞子原药材比较,8种不同炮制品中红景天苷含量均有升高,特女贞苷、女贞苷G13的含量均有降低,酪醇的含量除盐炒法之外也均有升高,以黄酒炖制女贞子各成分变化最为明显.结论:通过建立的HPLC法同时测定女贞子8种不同炮制品中4种成分的前后变化,揭示炮制过程中有效成分转化的过程,为女贞子的炮制工艺优化和质量控制提供参考.     

六种中药抗羟自由基活性研究

在确定了Fe2+-邻二氮菲-H2O2体系的最佳实验条件下,通过测定该体系吸光度的变化,利用分光光度法,比较枸杞、白芍、蛇床子、五味子、熟地、板蓝根六种中药的清除羟自由基能力大小。实验结果表明,五味子清除羟自由基能力最强,其次是白芍、蛇床子、枸杞、熟地和板蓝根,他们的清除能力依次下降。     

《诗经·采苓》“采苦”之“苦”之我见

苦在古代经常用作名词表草名,但究竟为何草,争论颇多。或曰甘草,或云苦荼,或曰地黄,或曰黄药,迄无定论。比较众说,从造词理据、用字通假以及文献用例等方面考证《诗经.唐风.采苓》苦字的名词用法,认为苦作地黄解也不无道理。     

黑米红色素系列产品的开发研究

介绍了黑米的营养和药用价值，结合加工现状，对以黑糙米为原料制备黑米红色素系列产品的工艺进行了研究．采用该工艺生产的黑米红色素系列产品，不仅保留了原有的有效成分，而且使得这些有效成分在相应产品中得到较好的富集．因而使之除了具有良好的自然性外，还具有了营养性和更好的适用性．     

Role of expectations and explanations in learning by teaching

The present study examined the role of preparing to teach (i.e., teaching expectancy) and actually teaching (i.e., explaining to others) on immediate and long-term learning. In Experiment 1, participants studied a base version or an enhanced version of a paper-based lesson on how the Doppler Effect works with the expectation of taking a test on the material or with the expectation of teaching the material by providing a video-recorded lecture. Results indicated that those who prepared to teach (without actually teaching) outperformed those who prepared for a test on an immediate comprehension test (i.e., a teaching expectancy effect; d = .55), regardless of the format of the lesson. In Experiment 2, participants studied while expecting to be tested or expecting to teach the material; some then actually did teach the material by providing a video-recorded lecture, whereas others received additional study time. Results indicated that those who actually taught the material outperformed those who did not teach on a delayed comprehension test (i.e., a teaching effect; d = .56), though this effect was strongest for those who also prepared to teach. Overall, these findings are consistent with the idea that preparing to teach results in short-term learning gains, whereas the act of teaching (i.e., by explaining the material to others) coupled with preparing to teach is important for long-term learning.     

龙胆酒炙前后整体化学成分变化研究

为了研究龙胆酒炙前后化学成分的整体变化,寻求炮制增效,改变药性及减毒的物质基础,揭示炮制机理。取龙胆生品和酒炙品,分别用甲醇和水提取。将提取液进行高效液相色谱分析。比较龙胆生品和酒炙品醇提液和水煎液的色谱图。经仔细核对各色谱图,结合紫外光谱分析,发现酒炙品中化学成分确实发生了量的和质的变化。研究表明,龙胆酒炙品药性的显著变化正是其化学成分整体变化所导致的,有效成分溶出增加,药效增强。     

A Comparison of Live Classroom Instruction and Internet-Based Lessons for a Preparatory Training Course Delivered to 4th Year Pharmacy Students

To compare the effectiveness of an internet-based training series with a traditional live classroom session in preparing pharmacy students to oversee a diabetes management program in community settings. Two cohorts of students were identified that prepared by utilizing a recorded online training exclusively, and two separate cohorts of students prepared by receiving only live classroom instruction. All students in the four cohorts were given a survey to evaluate the training sessions, and results were analyzed using the analysis of variance statistical test (ANOVA). Preceptors at the sites who interacted with students in all four cohorts were surveyed to evaluate which students appeared more prepared; these data were compared using paired t tests. Final assessment data for students in all four cohorts were analyzed using ANOVA. There were statistical differences between the two live training groups, with the second group finding the training to be more beneficial for preparing them, feeling the training length was appropriate and preferring the live modality for delivery. The two internet training cohorts were similar except for perceptions regarding the length of the online training. Comparing responses from those students who received live training with those receiving internet instruction demonstrated a statistical difference with the live groups rating the trainings as more helpful in preparing them for the clinics, rating the training as necessary, and rating their confidence higher in seeing patients. Preceptors rated the live training statistically higher than online training in preparing students. There was no difference between groups on their final site assessments. Live classroom training appears to be superior to the recorded internet training in preparing pharmacy students to oversee a diabetes management program in community settings.     

Deinstitutionalising school science: Implications of a strong view of situated cognition

Psychological models of learning have been shaped by information processing models for four decades. These models have led to teaching models based on information transfer from teachers to students. However, recent research in many fields shows that information processing models do not account for much of human competence in everyday scientific and lay contexts. At the same time, situated cognition models have been developed that better account for competence in widely differing situations. The implications of situated cognition are rather different from those of information processing. Teaching and learning are no longer conceived simply in terms of information transfer but as increasing participation in everyday practices. Conceiving of science learning as a trajectory of increasing participation asks educators to rethink the purpose of science education from preparing scientists to preparing citizens to participate in public enactments of science, and this entails deinstitutionalising school science to take science beyond the classroom walls.     

外籍教师教学模式观摩随笔

本文是课题研究的完整过程,笔者在与外教朝夕相处中,通过对外教从备课到上课、处理师生关系的方法、处理工作与生活的关系等方面研究观察后,对教学方法进行思考和探索,并通过实验证明,在中小学请外教上口语课很有必要。     

利用钛白粉副产品制备改性聚合硫酸铁

以钛白粉副产品硫酸亚铁制备聚合硫酸铁，并在聚合过程中加入改性剂，可以制备不同盐基度的改性聚合硫酸铁，其混凝性能与应用条件优于聚合硫酸铁。