透视“美剧”中的美国社会——以《傲骨贤妻》为例

2015年人民选择奖得主《傲骨贤妻》作为美剧中的佼佼者,透过演员和荧幕生动刻画了美国社会现状。《傲骨贤妻》来源于真实事例,刻画美国政治、选举、人权、女权、宗教观和人情世故,打开了美国文化价值观中的一扇门,也开启了非典型的律政剧风格。本文以《傲骨贤妻》为脉络,分析美国社会中的女权现实和政治竞选。     

美国高校的信息素质教育及其启示

介绍了美国有关信息素质教育的定义、研究发展经过、美国高等教育中关于素质能力的标准以及美国高校图书馆在信息素质教育中的一些做法，从中得出了一些启示。     

莱维的发现,美国的迷惘

美国怎么了?美国疯了吗?站在十字路口的美国,下一步将走向何方?作者反思了当前美国社会中的一些核心问题,美国人的爱国主义、教会的公司化经营、重在隔绝与排斥的监狱制度、监狱的私有化、枪支管制、新保守主义以及非法移民等。如今,经济危机引发的骨牌效应方兴未艾,对比书中揭示的美国社会种种深层问题,可知经济问题实乃冰山一角。     

美国社区图书馆的服务探析

论文介绍了美国社区图书馆的特点、服务与延伸服务的基本模式及美国社区图书馆在现代社会中的作用。     

解读《华尔街》中的美国文化危机

本文以美国电影《华尔街》(1、2)为缩影,探讨了现阶段美国社会文化和价值观念对社会发展的负面影响,认为个人主义和消费主义是美国文化中的主流,而这种主流的社会文化在很大程度上影响了社会、甚至经济的发展。     

解读《华尔街》中的美国文化危机

本文以美国电影《华尔街》（1、2）为缩影,探讨了现阶段美国社会文化和价值观念对社会发展的负面影响,认为个人主义和消费主义是美国文化中的主流,而这种主流的社会文化在很大程度上影响了社会、甚至经济的发展。     

美国信息传媒产业规模效益分析

信息传媒产业是美国的支柱性产业之一,在美国经济中具有重要的地位。在互联网和数字技术快速发展的环境下,美国信息传媒产业正经历着转型与变革。本文分析了美国信息传媒产业的发展规模及在经济中的地位,重点分析了美国信息传媒产业的结构、增加值的要素构成、信息传媒产业及各部门劳动生产率的变化。     

今天在美国不能明言的种族主义

美国历史上一个看似矛盾的现象是,与其他西方帝国主义国家不同,种族主义既推动、又限制了美国的领土扩张。直到第二次世界大战结束后很久,美国精英中的种族主义还一直占据着美国外交政策决策者的头脑     

美国高校广告教育状况概述

本文在国内现有研究的基础上,根据有关资料对美国高校广告教育的起源、广告专业在美国高校中的地位与特点及广告专业在美国的学科归属等主要问题,作了一些进一步的实证性补充概述.     

版权产业增长最快 美国呼吁加强保护

美国人的就业、美国经济的增长、美国的外贸比以往任何时候都更要依赖于以版权为基础的创造性产业。日前,国际知识产权联盟(美国)发表了《美国经济中的版权产业:2001年报告》,报告表明,版权产业(core copyright industries)依然是美国经济中增值最大、最快的经济部门。     

Which candidates do the public discuss online in an election campaign?: The use of social media by 2012 presidential candidates and its impact on candidate salience

The effects of new communication technologies on election campaigns, and the effectiveness of media-centered campaign strategies more broadly, remain ongoing subjects for debate in political science. This study provides some of the first empirical evidence about the potential impact of social media on the 2012 U.S. presidential elections, by testing the association between “candidate salience” and the candidates' level of engagement in online social media sphere. We define “candidate salience” as the extent to which candidates are discussed online by the public in an election campaign, and have selected the number of mentions presidential candidates receive on the social media site, Twitter, as means of quantifying their salience. This strategy allows us to examine whether social media, which is widely recognized as disruptive in the broader economic and social domains, has the potential to change the traditional dynamics of U.S. election campaigns. We find that while social media does substantially expand the possible modes and methods of election campaigning, high levels of social media activity on the part of presidential candidates have, as of yet, resulted in minimal effects on the amount of public attention they receive online.     

Political bias in the news coverage of Taiwan's first presidential election: A comparative analysis of broadcast TV and cable TV news

This research examines how TV reported the campaign and the candidates during Taiwan's first‐ever presidential election in 1996.

A content analysis of evening news coverage of six TV stations indicated that the state‐owned broadcast TV stations were far more likely than the privately owned cable TV stations to give a greater amount of coverage and soundbites to the ruling party presidential and vice presidential candidates, using the ruling party officials as principal news sources. The TV Stations’ coverage also contained more news favourable to the ruling party candidates than to other candidates.

The future may well see a turning point in TV election coverage as well as in general news coverage in Taiwan. The three state‐owned broadcast TV stations face competition from privately owned cable TV stations and may soon be confronted with the loss of public trust and audience, unless they can provide fair and balanced news free from government control.     

美国总统选举与电视辩论

本文从美国总统电视辩论竞选的历史谈起 ,论述了电视辩论对美国总统竞选和电视传媒的重要性 ,指出电视辩论既有好的一面 ,也有显在的缺陷 ,为电视机构带来滚滚财源的同时 ,也凸现了其负面意义。文章最后还论述了面对网络的挑战 ,电视辩论形式必须创新的观点     

New Media Use,Sociodemographics, and Voter Turnout in the 2000 Presidential Election

Based on General Social Survey data, this study employs logit models to clarify the effects of new media use and sociodemographic characteristics on voter turnout in the 2000 presidential election. It also discusses the predicting power of social-demographics on new media use behavior. Findings highlight that the behavior of actively seeking political information online, which can be expected by the level of education and income of Internet users, raised their likelihood of voting. General Internet exposure, which is reduced by age and affected by gender, however, could not increase the turnout as expected. Among sociodemographic indicators, education counted the most in the 2000 presidential election. People's sociodemographic characteristics were stronger predictors than their new media use behavior for voter turnout.     

Media Multitasking,Second Screening,and Political Knowledge: Task-Relevant and Task-Irrelevant Second Screening during Election News Consumption

This study tests the role of second screening during election news consumption in factual political knowledge. Data from an online survey conducted before the 2016 U.S. presidential election show that task-irrelevant second screening during election news consumption on television is negatively related to factual political knowledge, whereas the influence of task-relevant second screening is positive. Data also show that the relationships between task-relevant and task-irrelevant second screening and factual political knowledge are moderated by how much attention one pays to election news on television.     

DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS AS A PREDICTION TOOL FOR UNCOMMITED VOTERS IN PRE-ELECTION POLLS

Uncommitted voters in pre-election polls include both thosewho have not yet made their choices (undecided voters) and thosewho have already made their choices but do not disclose them,for any reason (undeclared voters). The voting patterns of theseuncommitted voters are critical, especially in cases in whichthe size of the group is greater than the gap between the twoleading runners in an electoral race. In the present study,discriminant analysis was applied to predict the voting patternsof the uncommitted voters in two different election situations:the 1992 presidential election in the state of North Carolina,USA, and the 1992 presidential election in South Korea. Theadjusted percentage breakdown, which was created after discriminantanalysis assigned the uncommitted voters for each candidate,appeared noticeably closer to the actual results than the simplepercentage breakdown with the uncommitted voters excluded fromthe analysis. Discriminant analysis was also applied to predictthe effect of one candidate's possible withdrawal from electionswith several candidates. By treating the former supporters ofthe withdrawing candidate as another uncommitted group, discriminantanalysis provided a new percentage breakdown among the remainingcandidates; the result was consistent with experts' intuitiveprediction.     

Acknowledgment of victory and defeat: The reciprocal ritual

Acknowledgment of victory and defeat by presidential opponents is a reciprocal ritual that terminates the campaign for the mass audience. It is argued here that situational and substantive rules have evolved that govern these brief messages and that violation of these rules causes disruption in the transition of leadership. Rules are derived from examination of all presidential victory and concession statements from 1952–1976. These rules are then applied to the Carter‐Reagan statements made on election night, 1980.     

Network Adwatches: Policing the 1996 Primary and General Election Presidential Ads

This article presents a content analysis of 93 televised adwatches that appeared on ABC, NBC, and CBS network evening news programs during either the 1996 presidential primary (n = 40) or general election campaign (n = 53). Since the media's role in a democracy often is highlighted by its responsibility to provide citizens with information needed to make informed and rational decisions, this article analyzes political adwatches in regard to the social responsibility theory of the press. Findings indicate that CBS Evening News journalists did a better job at incorporating adwatch recommendations suggested by academicians to improve voter understanding about potentially misleading advertising con tent. However, content analysis of 298 primary and general election presidential candidate ads revealed that television journalists did not identify or discuss ethically suspect technological manipulations present in a large percentage of the 1996 spots.     

Differences in the Way Broadcast,Cable and Public TV Reporters Used Women and Non-White Sources to Cover the 2008 Presidential Race

TV evening news coverage of the 2008 presidential election by broadcast, cable, and public networks was predominately male and Caucasian in terms of reporters and sources. However, according to our content analysis of 888 campaign stories, viewers saw the least amount of source diversity if they watched the evening news on broadcast networks ABC, CBS, and NBC. Cable networks FOX and CNN, and the PBS evening news had more female and non-White sources. This pattern also holds true for reporter use of nonpartisan sources. Findings on the 2008 election for the traditional broadcast networks are not consistent with those for the 2000 and 2004 elections, when female reporters at these networks had more female and nonpartisan sources in their election coverage than did their male colleagues. Reporters at PBS provided the greatest overall source diversity, regardless of their race or gender, compared to what was observed on broadcast and cable networks. Differences in the way reporters used women and non-White sources to cover the 2008 presidential race may be attributable to organizational factors.     

Metacoverage and Mediatization in US Presidential Elections

This article develops a theoretical model consisting of three mechanisms that link metacoverage, a type of election campaign news, to mediatization, a meta-process in which media organizations influence politics. The mechanisms hinge on the point that metacoverage—consisting of both topics and frames—constitutes a rich set of process-oriented cues that influence how campaign organizations adjust to the media logic in the course of performing functions associated with the office-seeking political campaign logic. A case study of 2012 US presidential election news was conducted to illustrate how metacoverage influences campaign strategies.