Young People and Their Parents

答案及简析：1．C词义辨别题。remember意为“记住”，hope意为“希望”，say意为“说”，know意为“知道”．根据句意选C项。     

Television and Families: What Do Young Children Watch with Their Parents?

A sample of 271 3- and 5-year-olds and their families participated in a 2-year longitudinal study of television viewing patterns. 5 1-week diaries for all family members were collected at 6-month intervals. Programs were categorized as: (1) child informative, (2) child entertainment, (3) news and informative, (4) sports, (5) comedy, (6) drama, (7) action-adventure, and (8) variety-game. The majority of child programs were viewed without parents, while the majority of adult programs were watched with parents. Coviewing patterns of adult programs were predicted from parents' individual viewing habits, but not from the child's. Coviewing declined with age. Parental encouragement and regulation of viewing were orthogonal. Children whose parents encouraged viewing watched more child informative programming; children of restrictive parents watched less entertainment programming. Encouraging parents coviewed more than nonencouraging parents. Results support the assertion that parental viewing preferences, habits, and orientations toward television influence children's viewing, both with and without parents.     

Issues and Strategies Involved in Helping Homeless Parents of Young Children Strengthen Their Self-Esteem

Homeless parents of young children face many stressors that erode their self-esteem. This article articulates these stressors and how they negatively impact homeless parents and their children. Strategies for helping parents empower themselves and their children are explained.     

父母对幼儿行为问题反应偏向的原因及影响分析

通过对上海市四家幼儿园86名幼儿父母进行有关儿童行为问题家长评定的调查,发现父母评定的儿童行为问题的比率极其显著高于专家和专业研究机构的判定比率。家长的这一反应偏向可能与他们缺乏相关科学知识、对孩子的高期望以及中国传统文化有关,并可能导致产生育儿焦虑及不当的教养行为,从而对早期家庭教育产生负面影响。     

Attitudes Toward Deafness and Security of Attachment Relationships Among Young Deaf Children and Their Parents

This study investigated deaf children's "security of attachment" relationships with their hearing parents and the relationship of parental attitudes toward deafness. Subjects included 30 deaf children and their hearing parents. The children ranged in age from 20 to 60 months. Instruments used included the Attachment Q-Set, the Attitudes to Deafness Scale, and parental interviews. As a group there were no differences between security of attachment scores of deaf children toward either of their parents; however, there were marked differences within individual dyads of mother-child/father-child relationships. In addition, negative correlations were found between parents' attitudes towards deafness scores and their deaf children's security of attachment scores. Implications for the field include the importance of inclusion of fathers in attachment studies and fathers' active participation in early intervention programs. The relationship between parental attitudes toward their children's disability (deafness) and attachment relationship provides further evidence for the critical role of early intervention in the development of children with special needs.     

Attitudes Toward Deafness and Security of Attachment Relationships Among Young Deaf Children and Their Parents

This study investigated deaf children's "security of attachment" relationships with their hearing parents and the relationship of parental attitudes toward deafness. Subjects included 30 deaf children and their hearing parents. The children ranged in age from 20 to 60 months. Instruments used included the Attachment Q-Set, the Attitudes to Deafness Scale, and parental interviews. As a group there were no differences between security of attachment scores of deaf children toward either of their parents; however, there were marked differences within individual dyads of mother–child/father–child relationships. In addition, negative correlations were found between parents' attitudes towards deafness scores and their deaf children's security of attachment scores. Implications for the field include the importance of inclusion of fathers in attachment studies and fathers' active participation in early intervention programs. The relationship between parental attitudes toward their children's disability (deafness) and attachment relationship provides further evidence for the critical role of early intervention in the development of children with special needs.     

First-Grade Students and Their Parents

Recent changes to the budgetary basis of schools in Russia has received a mixed response from parents, with a variety of views on whether the quality of education is being improved. Reductions in state support for preschool education raises questions about the ability of less affluent parents to prepare their children for first grade.     

关于幼儿家长幼儿心理健康观的访谈研究

心理健康观作为一种内在、稳定性的主体认识,决定家长对幼儿心理健康问题的识别和处理.对60名幼儿家长进行半结构式深度访谈调查表明:家长认为幼儿心理健康主要体现在性格、人际交往与社会适应、个人行为及能力、道德品质、情绪五个方面;家长的心理健康观具有模糊性、主观性、功利性等特点,并呈现出重外轻内、重适应轻发展的倾向;传统文化价值观、自身经历和认知水平影响幼儿家长心理健康观的构建.     

关于房价飙升的理论思考

供给方的寡头垄断和需求方的无序竞争是造成房价飙升的重要原因。房价飙升带来了负面效应:拉大贫富差距,出现泡沫经济,阻碍资金流动,机会成本过大,有悖于可持续发展战略的执行,不利于和谐社会的构建。政府应采取多种方法控制房价飙升。     

Like Father, Like Son: Young Children's Understanding of How and Why Offspring Resemble Their Parents

4 studies investigated the broad claim that preschoolers understand biological inheritance. In Study 1, 4–7-year-old children were told a story in which a boy was born to one man and adopted by another. The biological father was described as having one set of features (e.g., green eyes) and the adoptive father as having another (e.g., brown eyes). Subjects were asked which man the boy would resemble when he grew up. Preschoolers showed little understanding that selective chains of processes mediate resemblance to parents. It was not until age 7 that children substantially associated the boy with his biological father on physical features and his adoptive father on beliefs. That is, it was not until age 7 that children demonstrated that they understood birth as part of a process selectively mediating the acquisition of physical traits and learning or nurturance as mediating the acquisition of beliefs. In Study 2, subjects were asked whether, as a boy grew up, various of his features could change. Children generally shared our adult intuitions, indicating that their failure in Study 1 was not due to their having a different sense of what features can change. Studies 3 and 4 replicated Study 1, with stories involving mothers instead of fathers and with lessened task demands. Taken together, the results of the 4 studies refute the claim that preschoolers understand biological inheritance. The findings are discussed in terms of whether children understand biology as an autonomous cognitive domain.     

流动儿童亲子依恋及对其心理韧性的影响

本研究采用青少年依恋量表和心理韧性量表作为研究工具,对流动儿童依恋特点及其对心理韧性的影响进行研究.结果发现:女生、家庭收入高于3000元、公办学校的流动儿童亲子依恋中社会度和心理韧性中的目标专注均高于男生、家庭收入低于3000元、打工子弟学校的流动儿童;流动儿童亲子依恋的总分与心理韧性的各维度、心理韧性总分与亲子依恋各维度均有显著相关;安全型流动儿童的目标专注、情绪控制、家庭支持和人际协助四方面均显著高于其他三种依恋类型的流动儿童,恐惧型流动儿童在以上四方面均最低.尽管流动儿童个人、家庭、学校因素对其心理韧性有预测作用,但流动儿童亲子依恋对其心理韧性有更强的预测性.     

房价上涨对居民生育行为的影响研究

近年来,中国生育率的持续下降已成为学术界关注的焦点。造成这一现象的原因有很多,仅从节育技术和妇女受教育等角度进行解释明显缺乏说服力。利用中国大陆31个省区市1999-2010年的面板数据,运用动态面板GMM估计方法进行实证检验。结果表明房价对出生率具有显著的负向影响,房价的过快上涨对居民生育行为具有明显的抑制作用。进一步的研究显示,房价对居民生育行为的影响程度大于其他影响因素,表明房价在生育率下降过程中扮演了重要角色。     

试论对收容教养决定的司法审查

收容教养决定是一种具体行政行为并具有可诉性。但由于对收容教养缺乏系统、具体的法律、法规规定,人民法院在对收容教养决定进行司法审查时往往感到依据不足。结合现行法律规定,从职权主体、事实、法律适用、程序四个方面对收容教养决定进行司法审查不失为一种较好的方法。     

中学生和父母关系调查报告

本文采用自编的中学生与父母关系的调查问卷表,对武汉市六所中学的1500名学生进行调查;根据调查结果分别对中学生与父母的沟通,父母对中学生的关心以及父母对中学生人格的影响等方面作了分析,同时为如何正确处理中学生和父母关系提出相应建议和要求。     

高房价对城市家庭结构的影响

分析了高房价对于婚姻和家庭结构的影响,指出高房价对于婚姻家庭从建立到稳定、解体都发挥着相当重要的作用,影响了人们的恋爱观、择偶观.高房价背景下,年轻人依靠多层借贷关系实现购房的模式对房奴本人、父母及其他借贷人在经济、心理等方面产生很大压力,进而影响整个社会的和谐和稳定.     

城镇房屋拆迁补偿与基准地价的协调研究

城镇房屋拆迁补偿与基准地价的协调关系到社会的稳定和被拆迁人的根本利益,一直是近年来城市化高速发展过程中的社会热点。一是党和国家对于城镇房屋拆迁补偿与基准地价工作的重视,二是房屋拆迁补偿的标准与基准地价存在较大问题。本文通过对城镇房屋拆迁补偿目前所存在的问题进行剖析,结合佛山市禅城区的城镇房屋拆迁补偿案例,为进一步改进城镇房屋拆迁补偿和基准地价评定体系工作提供了参考建议,使其既能满足广大人民群众的需要,又符合国家稳定和长治久安的要求,从而达到国家政府和人民群众共建和谐社会的伟大目标。     

大力发展租赁房市场是治理房价虚高的关键

近几年,城镇房价虚高同题一直未能有效解决,原因是没有真正找出问题产生的根源。通过实证分析可西发现．需求过旺是理解中国目前房价虚高的关键。大力发展租赁房市场,有效降低住房需求,从而使消费者剩余（或增幅）下降,才是治理房价虚高问题的长效机制。     

我国当前高房价与公允价值计量属性探究

本文主要探讨了公允价值计量属性与高房价的相关联系,高房价形成的成因,公允价值来历的渊源,我国引入公允价值的背景,分析投资性房地产公允价值的实际审慎应用过程中面临的现状及问题,投资性房地产采用公允价值计量与高房价之间关系,并在此基础上进行了简单评述和提出相关的建议。