对图画书阅读视域下幼儿情感价值培养的思考

图画书贴近孩子生活,具有艺术性、文学性、文字和图画和谐共处等特点,对幼儿情感价值的培养有着独特的作用。但是在幼儿图画书阅读活动中却存在重功利轻兴趣、重意义轻感受、重讲授轻个性等问题。图画书阅读能使幼儿体验到爱的价值,使幼儿身心愉悦,促使他们把图画书阅读当作一件快乐的事情来享受。通过幼儿与材料的互动、师幼之间的互动,使幼儿阅读活动更加富有活力。     

Reading is fundamental

The preschool children who come to your day school may not be able to read yet. But the earlier they become acquainted with books, the greater are their chances of becoming readers.Gail Oerke is a staff writer at Reading is Fundamental.     

Indian in the Cupboard: A case study in perspective

The children's book, The Indian in the Cupboard, by British author Lynne Reid Banks, provides a case study which contrasts American Indian and non-Indian perspectives about stereotypes of Native Americans in children's literature, as reflected in the review literature. Exploration of the reasons why the book is becoming a classic in children's literature reinforce the need for teachers, librarians, and parents to find a role in: encouraging practitioners to understand what constitutes stereotypes of American Indians; educating potential teachers and librarians about cultural diversity; including works reflecting the voices of Native Americans in library collections for children; using caution when relying on book reviews; helping children learn critical thinking skills that enable them to recognize stereotyping; and providing and hearing the voices of Native Americans explaining why portrayals of Indian characters are often fantasized literary constructions.     

Social constructs regarding the physical and sexual energy of whites,indigenous South Americans and blacks in Spanish and Colombian primary school reading books between 1900 and 1960*

This article analyses the manner in which the physical and sexual energy of the white, native South American and black populations was represented in reading books for elementary school children in Spain and Colombia between 1900 and 1960. Ninety reading books from representative authors were examined. It was found that the ideal of extraordinary physical vigour attributed to the white male was decisive in justifying Spanish imperialism, the superiority of the male in the patriarchal family and the intervention of authorities in administering people’s bodies. In the case of Spanish texts, the might attributed to the white race was shown as having a motive of pride, whereas in the Colombian case, the mixture with Native Americans and blacks tended to be used as an explanation for the ‘weakness’ of Colombians. Evidence is also found of the way in which education was implicitly conceived as a process of cultural ‘whitening’.     

Monitoring the Effectiveness of the Wilson Reading System for Students with Disabilities: One District's Example

The current study detailed the manner in which one school district monitored the effectiveness of the Wilson Reading System for students with disabilities who were experiencing difficulty with reading. Effectiveness was measured by growth in the reading skills that have been documented to be critical for successful readers. Twenty fourth- and fifth-grade students participated in the Wilson Reading System for two consecutive years. Pretest and posttest reading scores from the Scholastic Reading Inventory and the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement were examined. Results revealed gains in the students' reading comprehension skills as well as their overall basic reading skills, including word decoding and reading fluency. Limitations of this type of applied research are discussed.     

Predictors of Reading Recovery book levels

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether predictor variables, selected from readability research and from teacher nomination, might be used to grade children’s early reading books. Two hundred Reading Recovery books were rated on five variables thought to represent ‘semantic’, ‘syntactic’ and ‘phonic’ features of text. The variables accounted for 83% of book level variance. In a cross‐validation exercise they were found to be stable and reliable. It is suggested that the data support the validity of the Reading Recovery book levels, and that the formula can be used by teachers to grade children’s early reading books.     

幼儿绘本阅读教学的艺术同构策略

绘本一般借助于文字和图画共同讲述一个完整的故事,内容贴近幼儿生活,兼具文学性与艺术性,蕴涵着丰富的教育价值.利用绘本进行教学时,教师应努力利用其中的多元艺术表现形式,实现文学、音乐与美术形式的共通,以此深化和提升幼儿的绘本阅读经验与体验.具体而言,教师可以采取多样化情景创设、多元化表达表现、生活化行为迁移、多途径角色体验等策略进行艺术同构,激发幼儿阅读兴趣,促进幼儿与绘本的心灵对话和交流,提高绘本教学的效果.     

Shared Reading by Cambodian Mothers and Children Learning English as a Second Language: Reciprocal Gains

Subjects were five Cambodian mother‐child pairs. Three mothers (Group One) had received one year's schooling, and two (Group Two) had had no schooling in Cambodia; all children were participating in regular primary school class reading programs and receiving individual help from an ESL teacher. Group One was introduced to Shared Reading in a multiple baseline across‐subjects design, while an AB design was used for Group Two. Probes were taken of mothers and children reading individually from unseen books at the same level as those used in Shared Reading. During the Shared Reading program the Group One mothers and children markedly increased their rate of progress through book levels as did the Group Two children, but the Group Two mothers did not, although there was some evidence of minor progress in word recognition. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of the interactive social context for acquiring literacy skills.     

Native American Mascots in Contemporary Higher Education: Part 1: Politically Acceptable or Ethnically Objectionable?

The battle of the Little Big Horn in 1876 was one of the last great wars fought by Native Americans on a grassy battlefield. The battle was fought over territory and the right to live in the Dakota and Montana territories. The Native Americans won the battle of Little Big Horn but eventually lost the war and were forced to live on a reservation away from their homeland. Today another great battle involving Native Americans is taking place, not on a grassy plain somewhere out West, but in courtrooms, classrooms, and tribal meetings across the country. The battle is over the use of historical Native American images and traditions as mascots and nicknames of higher education institutions. The research reported in this paper identified seven institutions of higher learning (not a complete list) which have abolished the use of Native American mascots on their campuses. Although these seven schools do not include a community college, much food for thought is presented for the benefit of community college educators who respect the thoughts and feelings of Native American Indians. The need is for this study to be replicated among community colleges with Native American mascots.     

Training Native Americans to Deliver Mental Health Services to Their Own People

Very little has been done to assist Native Americans in the procurement of mental health services. Cultural barriers and lack of understanding have limited the contact between Native Americans and the predominantly White mental health delivery system. The project described herein attempted to decrease and neutralize some of the impediments to Native Americans receiving services by training them to provide minimal mental health care for their own people and by training them to gain access to various state service agencies.     

Differential Item Functioning for Minority Examinees on the SAT

The standardization approach to assessing differential item functioning (DIF), including standardized distractor analysis, is described. The results of studies conducted on Asian Americans, Hispanics (Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans), and Blacks on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) are described and then synthesized across studies. Where the groups were limited to include only examinees who spoke English as their best language, very few items across forms and ethnic groups exhibited large DIF. Major findings include evidence of differential speededness (where minority examinees did not complete SAT-Verbal sections at the same rate as White students with comparable SAT-Verbal scores) for Blacks and Hispanics and, when the item content is of special interest, advantages for the relevant ethnic group. In addition, homographs tend to disadvantage all three ethnic groups, but the effect of vertical relationships in analogy items are not as consistent. Although these findings are important in understanding DIF, they do not seem to account for all differences. Other variables related to DIF still need to be identified. Furthermore, these findings are seen as tentative until corroborated by studies using controlled data collection designs.     

Native american related materials in elementary science instruction

The low achievement of Native American students, as measured by standardized tests, results from a number of factors, including the lack of cultural relevance of curriculum materials used in their instruction. Using a pretest–posttest control group design, Native American students in Bureau of Indian Affairs schools in Grades 4–8 who were taught science using culturally relevant materials achieved significantly higher and displayed a significantly more positive attitude toward Native Americans and science than comparable students who were taught science without the culturally relevant materials. It is suggested that when educators of Native Americans teach science, they should use materials that incorporate frequent reference to Native Americans and science.     

Parents and Schools: Partnerships That Count

Children with limited English proficiency are known to be at higher risk of school failure than their peers. Risk starts early, and the achievement lag of these children often widens with age and progression in the educational system. This study attempted to determine the effects of a 2-way bilingual education program on the literacy development of at-risk kindergarten students who had lower English proficiency and were in a higher failure risk bracket than a comparison group who had higher initial English competence and participated in regular education. Students in the experimental group were instructed in English approximately 70% of the time and in Spanish approximately 30% of the time. At the end of the 1st grade, no statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups on the Scholastic Reading Inventory (SRI) or a combination of 6 other indicators of English literacy development.     

Public pedagogy from the learner's perspective: women reading self-help relationship books

In recent years, the concept of public pedagogy has increasingly influenced the study of continuing education, drawing attention to ways in which adults access resources from popular culture and learn without the involvement of educational institutions. Reading relationship self-help books has become a prominent component of popular culture. There are two predominant scholarly interpretations of relationship books for women. One argues that such books have ‘abducted’ feminism, because, while cloaked in egalitarian rhetoric about relationships between men and women, they actually encourage women to adopt characteristically male approaches to relationships. The other claims that such books are ‘anti-feminist,’ because they encourage women to nurture satisfying relationships by adopting traditional feminine roles. We explore these interpretations through reporting the results of twenty-four qualitative interviews. Only a minority of readers reported experiences consistent with existing interpretations of the genre. Most readers displayed complex combinations of learning experiences – some of which were consistent with feminist principles, while others reflected a subtle normalization of gender inequalities. We conclude that understanding the impact of self-help books, among other forms of public pedagogy, requires moving beyond textual analysis, to engaging readers in conversation about how reading has influenced their sense of themselves and their relationships.     

Multiracial Children in Child Development Textbooks

The 2000 US census was the first to allow respondents to check more than one race/ethnic response for their identity. About 6.8 million Americans did so, and a disproportionate percentage of them were children under age 18 years old. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which this change is reflected in contemporary child psychology textbooks. Twelve books were examined to determine whether they covered multiracial and multiethnic children. Results of this study showed that only two of these books addressed issues related to the healthy development of multiracial/multiethnic children in any detail; and, while several used terms such as biracial and bicultural, these terms were always used to describe single-race minority children living in a majority context. The discussion section covers possible reasons for this omission.     

Trends in children's fiction in the United Kingdom during the 1980s

Through her work onChildren's Books of the Year Julia Eccleshare has a unique overview of the development of fiction written for children during the 1980s.CLE invited her to detect trends in the writing and publishing of children's books during the past decade.Julia Eccleshare is a freelance editor, advisor to publishers, and reviewer of children's books for national newspapers. She has written or edited some 15 books, includingTreasure Islands: The Woman's Hour Guide to Children's Reading: BBC 1988.     

A Study of Home Emergent Literacy Experiences of Young Latino English Learners

This empirical study explored the home environment literacy practices of young Latino English learners and their families. The participants were 217 incoming Kindergarten Latino EL students and parents. The data collection included a completed HLEQ by the parents. In addition, children were administered the PPVT, the preLAS, the PALS-K screening, the Woodcock Reading Mastery assessment, and the Wide Range Achievement test. All of the literacy assessments given to the children provided the researchers with comprehensive look at their literacy knowledge base. The results of this study indicate that there were two significant paths for students’ achievement: availability of books and child initiated literacy factors that were directly related to the phonological processing efforts of students.     

论绘本的性质与特征

作为一种新的文学艺术形式的绘本具有特殊的性质和特征。大部分绘本将儿童预设为主要读者,反映和表现儿童生活与心理,成人绘本内容形式的儿童化,令绘本普遍具有鲜明的儿童性;绘本作为图文合一的艺术整体,以简明之文和形象之图协同讲解故事,在具象与抽象、表象与意象的矛盾统一中呈现丰富性和多义性;具有思想艺术独创性的绘本,同时为读者预留了广阔的阅读理解空间,让绘本的阅读具有开放互动的特质。     

展示黑人男性的成长过程的三部著名黑人小说

《土生子》、《看不见的人》和《所罗门之歌》这三部里程碑式的黑人小说中对黑人年轻一代的典型成长过程进行了描述,指出黑人立足现实社会的根本是寻找到自己的文化身份,并指出当前黑人困苦生活的根源不只是种族歧视与种族隔离,还有黑人自身的身份、文化、价值。     

《爱药》:美国印第安人的“归家路”

美国印第安人有着自己灿烂的文化,却在欧洲外来移民的强势冲击下渐渐迷失自己。在白人世界主流文化下的生存困境促使印第安人重新审视自己的文化,因此踏上了一条找寻本土身份的"归家路"。该文通过解读美国本土裔作家露易丝·厄德里奇的代表作《爱药》阐述了土地,过去,社区代表的"家"对于印第安人的意义,并分析了《爱药》中三代印第安人艰难的"归家路"。