班级学习环境、学业成绩与学业求助的相关研究

教育实践表明，许多学生在需要帮助时却不主动寻求帮助，虽然影响学生求助的因素很多，而课堂作为学生学习活动的主要环境，成为影响学业求助必不可少的一个重要因素。本研究旨在通过班级学习环境、学业成绩与学业求助的相关研究，探讨学习环境对学业求助的影响。     

对体育教学情境下学生学业求助态度的研究

以258名大学一、二年级的学生为被试对象，对在体育教学情境下学生学业求助态度进行了研究，结果表明，自我效能，内在动机，任务定向目标等动机因素和课堂环境对学业求助态度呈显著正相关，自我效能，内在动机，任务定向目标，课堂环境对学业求助态度构成显著的回归效应，可解释学业求助态度76.3%变异。     

高中生学业求助能力与学习成绩相关性分析——基于对化学学科学生学业求助的实证研究

学业求助能力是一种非常重要的学习能力。研究证明,学业求助能力的评价所包括的五个维度即学业求助意识、求助条件感知、求助结果实施、求助结果达成和求助结果调试均与学生学习成绩相关性显著。培养学生的学业求助能力的主要策略包括:形成正确的求助认识,提高学业求助意识;营造民主的课堂氛围,减轻求助心理负担;传授实用的求助策略,提高学业求助成效。     

初中生学业自我效能感、求助态度与求助行为的关系研究

文章研究探讨初中生学业自我效能感、求助态度与求助行为之间的关系。选取初中生作为被试,采用初中生学业自我效能感、学业求助态度和学业求助行为量表进行测量,分析学业自我效能感对学业求助路径的影响。结果发现在非工具性求助路径中,有3条显著路径;在对工具性求助-老师路径的分析中,有4条显著路径;在对工具性求助-同学路径中,有5条显著路径。可得结论,学业自我效能感通过学业求助态度影响学业求助行为,为了提高初中生学业求助行为频率,有必要干预自我效能感和学业求助态度。     

我国学业求助研究的现状与展望

一、问题提出从20世纪80年代开始,学业求助作为一种重要的自我调控学习策略成为了西方教育学和心理学研究的重要课题。进入20世纪90年代,学业求助也引起了我国学者的关注与重视,围绕学业求助展开了多方面的探讨,大量的研究揭示出了其中的一些现象和规律。因此,对学业求助研究文献的统计分析,有助于认识该领域的发展脉络、存在的问题及发展动向。目     

中小学生学业求助行为的现状、影响因素及优化策略

为了解中小学生学业求助行为的现状和影响因素,达到促进中小学生学业发展的目标,文章对中小学生学业求助行为现状和影响因素方面(自我效能感、归因方式、人格、社会支持等)的研究进行了综述,并在此基础上提出优化中小学生学业求助行为的策略,如提高学生的自我效能感、引导学生正确归因、营造良好的班级环境等。     

职校生学业求助及其影响因素研究

通过问卷调查,探讨职校生学业求助的特点,分析职校生成就动机、成就目标取向及自我效能感与学业求助之间的关系。发现职校生学业求助行为水平低下,遇到学习困难更倾向于执行性求助或回避求助。职校生工具性学业求助和回避性学业求助三个年级间不存在显著性差异,而执行性学业求助三个年级之间存在差异。职校男生的工具性求助极其显著（p〈0．001）的低于女生;执行性求助男女生之间不存在显著性差异;男生的回避性求助行为极其显著（p〈0．001）的高于女生。成就动机、成就目标取向与学业求助行为有显著关系。自我效能低的学生更不愿意求助或作执行性求助,支持脆弱假说。     

课堂学业情绪及其影响因素

课堂学业情绪是学习者在课堂情境下产生与学业相关的各种情绪体验,课堂学业情绪研究对增强课堂效果,促进学生认知活动的开展和身心健康有重要的作用。影响课堂学业情绪的个体因素主要表现在自我认知和成就目标等方面;影响课堂学业情绪的环境因素主要表现在教师、教学内容、教育情境等方面;且环境因素通过自我认知起作用。     

地方高校大学生自我效能感与学业求助的关系研究

研究以683名大学生为被试,采用问卷法考察其自我效能感与学业求助的关系。结果表明:当前大学生自我效能感水平中等偏上,学业求助呈中等水平。在性别上,女生比男生表现出更多的工具性求助行为;在年级上,大三学生表现出最少的执行求助行为;在学校类型上,非师范生比师范生表现出更多的学业求助行为以及工具性求助行为;在专业上,艺术生的自我效能感高于文科生和理科生,其回避求助行为高于文科生和理科生。大学生的自我效能感对其学业求助行为有显著的正向预测作用,对学业求助行为中的工具性求助和执行性求助有正向预测作用,对回避求助没有预测作用。结论:大学生的工具性求助行为受性别、学校类型影响,执行性求助受年级影响,自我效能感和回避求助受专业类型影响;研究结果支持"脆弱假说"。     

初二学生的教师期望知觉、价值取向、学业成绩与学业求助的关系研究

本文采用问卷法,对381名初二学生的教师期望知觉、价值取向、学业成绩与其学业求助的关系进行研究。结果表明：学生的教师期望知觉、价值取向、学习成绩与其学业求助有显著关系;教师期望知觉、价值取向、学业成绩是影响学生求助态度的重要因素;价值取向和学业成绩对学生的求助行为有着重要影响。     

Perceived parent goals and student goal orientations as predictors of seeking or not seeking help: Does age matter?

To study the contribution of perceived parent achievement goals to students' attitudes towards academic help seeking, 4th, 6th, 7th, and 9th grade students in Greece (n = 712) reported perceptions of their parents' achievement goals, personal achievement goal orientations, and help-seeking beliefs and intentions. Students' mastery goal orientation positively predicted their help-seeking attitudes (perceived benefits and intentions to seek help) and negatively predicted their help-seeking avoidance attitudes (perceived costs and intentions to avoid seeking help), whereas performance-avoidance orientation directly predicted their help-seeking avoidance attitudes. Multiple-group path analysis indicated that perceived parent goals predicted student help seeking and help avoidance attitudes through students' own achievement goal orientations. Further, the pattern of relations varied by grade level. Results are discussed in light of current theory and research on the developmental phases of parental influence on student motivation and self-regulated learning.     

Do perceptions of being treated fairly increase students’ outcomes? Teacher–student interactions and classroom justice in Italian adolescents

In this study, we have investigated the associations between the students’ perceptions of teachers’ interpersonal behaviour and some school outcomes – namely, academic achievement, learning motivation, and a sense of class belonging – considering the mediating role of classroom justice. Moreover, the impact of the school type was analysed. The research was performed on a population of 614 Italian students enrolled in 2 different types of secondary school, one with an academic orientation, the other with a vocational orientation. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to see the effect of the teachers’ behaviour on the dimensions of justice (i.e., equality, equity, needs, and interpersonal) and that of all these variables on academic achievement, learning motivation, and class belonging. The mediation role of classroom justice was confirmed by the analyses, and so was the impact of the school's orientation. Limitations to the study and future research ideas have also been outlined.     

学生成就目标定向的结构维度、理论依据及对学业发展的影响

成就目标定向是学习者目标达成的重要动力机制,有助于学生建立积极的学业倾向,促进学生发展和学业质量的提升。成就目标定向的结构早期被分解为“成绩目标”和“学习目标”,并由此衍生出了“2×2结构”和“3×2结构”维度。研究依据行为动力学假说、自我效能感理论、成就动机理论和自我归因理论等阐释了成就目标定向的发生机制。研究认为,趋近目标定向可降低学生的考试焦虑程度,有助于提升个体语言技能;掌握目标定向有助于提升学生的学业成绩,激发学生的学习兴趣,并塑造学生的完美主义人格特质。未来的研究需开展大量的跨文化的比较研究,扩大研究对象的范畴,使用实验法等多元化的研究方法,验证成就目标定向结构模型的科学性,探明成就目标定向影响机理,强化教育干预与认知训练的实践研究,提升成就目标定向的应用价值。     

Workplace learning within teacher education: the role of job characteristics and goal orientation

Within teacher education, it is widely recognised that internships play a major role in preparing prospective teachers. The current research examines if the learning activities students’ undertake in the workplace can be explained by students’ goal orientation and their perceptions of the workplace. In addition, it will be investigated whether this model is predictive for students’ academic achievement. Participants in this study were 464 bachelor students enrolled in teacher education. The results from the structural equation modelling show that students’ learning goal orientation is an important predictor for students’ learning activities and academic achievement. Students with a higher learning goal orientation demonstrate a more active approach towards their learning. Regarding the context, some positive relations between work-related variables such as job demands and job control on the one hand and students’ learning activities on the other hand were identified, but their relationship was more limited than expected.     

The role of prosocial attitudes and academic achievement in peer networks in higher education

After the transition to university, students need to build a new peer network, which helps them to adapt to university life. This study investigated to what extent students’ prosocial attitudes and academic achievement facilitate the embeddedness in friendship and help-seeking networks, while taking structural network characteristics into account. Participants were 95 first-year bachelor’s degree students and were part of learning communities consisting of 12 students at a university in the Netherlands. Measures included student-reports of prosocial attitudes, peer nominations of friendship and help-seeking networks, and officially registered grades (GPA). Longitudinal social network analysis, stochastic actor-based modeling with the package RSiena, revealed that both students’ own prosocial attitudes and achievement played a role in their friendship formation, whereas only students’ own achievement made the formation of their help-seeking relationships more likely. When students were friends, it was more likely that they approached each other for help and vice versa. Similarity in achievement level contributed to relationship formation in friendship and help-seeking networks. Overall, the results underscore the importance of both student’ prosocial attitudes and achievement for their social adjustment (i.e., making friends) and only achievement for their academic adjustment (i.e., seeking help) during the first year of university within the context of small-scale teaching.

     

Similar goals,different results: differences in group learning goals and their impact on academic achievements

Research has indicated significant disparities in the academic achievement of minority and majority groups in most Western countries. In light of the role of academic achievement as the main component of social mobility, it is important to understand the source of these differences between the majority and minority groups. The present research focused on learning goals as a possible basis for the disparity in academic achievement. It examined the learning goals of matched groups of students of Jewish and Arab Israelis who were enrolled in the same academic institution, and followed their academic achievement for two years. The findings indicate a gap between the groups in terms of achievement in favour of the students from the Jewish majority group. No difference was found between the groups in learning goals, but the level of intrinsic goal orientation was associated with achievement differently in the two groups. Possible explanations and implications of the findings are discussed.     

The influence of achievement goals and social goals on help-seeking from peers in an academic context

The influence of achievement goals and social goals on help-seeking from peers in an academic context was examined in two studies. A total of 551 high school students participated in the two studies. The results across the studies demonstrated strong convergence, revealing that mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, and friendship-approach goals were positive predictors of instrumental help-seeking, whereas performance-avoidance and friendship-avoidance goals were negative predictors. Study 2 additionally demonstrated that attitudes toward help-seeking mediate the influence of achievement and social goals on instrumental help-seeking. These results add to the body of work investigating achievement and social motivation together to more fully understand motivational influences on academic outcomes.     

Seeking help in large college classes: A person-centered approach

This study assessed students’ (N=883) levels of help-seeking threat, their intentions to seek help, help-seeking goals, preferred helping resources, class-related motivation, and use of learning strategies. Hierarchical cluster analysis suggested four homogeneous groups, with 17% of the students that could be described as strategic/adaptive, formal help seekers and 23% as help-seeking avoidant, expedient help seekers. Strategic/adaptive students were more motivated, had higher mastery approach achievement goal levels, use of rehearsal (the strategy highly related to performance) and course grades. Help-seeking avoidant students were more anxious, performed more poorly and relied less on rehearsal and more on organization strategies. Help-seeking avoidant students also had higher mastery avoid, performance approach, and performance avoid achievement goal orientations.     

Understanding Student Evaluations of Teaching Quality: The Contributions of Class Attendance

Institutions of higher learning employ compulsory attendance policies with the expectation that these mandates enhance students' academic performance and perceptions of course quality. However, numerous empirical investigations demonstrate equivocal and often contradictory findings regarding the relationship between attendance and various markers of student achievement. The present investigation extends this research by exploring the utility of student ratings of the need to attend class in predicting their perceptions of teaching excellence after controlling for class size, instructor availability, and small-group interactions. As hypothesized, ratings of the need to attend predicted excellence while accounting for a significant 5.3% of the variance. Discussion and conclusions highlight the utility of class attendance in understanding students' evaluations of teaching and course quality.     

Self-regulation in online learning

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of goal orientation and academic self-efficacy in student achievement mediated by effort regulation, metacognitive regulation, and interaction regulation in an online course. The results show that intrinsic goal orientation and academic self-efficacy predicted students’ metacognitive self-regulation; however, extrinsic goal orientation did not predict any type of regulation. Effort regulation and the amount of time spent in Blackboard predicted students’ academic achievement in the course, and interaction regulation predicted the amount of time spent in the online course. Results show the importance of individual students’ intrinsic goal orientation and academic self-efficacy in academic achievement. Discussion relates to current research and implications for online teaching and learning practice.