Teacher perceptions of an online tutoring program for elementary mathematics

This study explores elementary teacher perceptions related to the implementation of an online tutoring program. Teachers were surveyed regarding factors that affected use of the online tutoring program as a supplement to mathematics instruction. Results indicated that teachers overwhelmingly reported positive views of the training and support opportunities provided, as well as confidence in their level of knowledge and the ease of use of the program. Teachers also indicated strong support of the mathematical content and instructional value of the program. Each of these factors increases the likelihood that online tutoring programs such as the one implemented in this study will continue to be used among teachers as a supplement to mathematics instruction.     

The design and development of the dragoon intelligent tutoring system for model construction: lessons learned

This paper describes Dragoon, a simple intelligent tutoring system which teaches the construction of models of dynamic systems. Modelling is one of seven practices dictated in two new sets of educational standards in the U.S.A., and Dragoon is one of the first systems for teaching model construction for dynamic systems. Dragoon can be classified as a step-based tutoring system that uses example-tracing, an explicit pedagogical policy and an open learner model. Dragoon can also be used for computer-supported collaborative learning, and provides tools for classroom orchestration. This paper describes the features, user interfaces, and architecture of Dragoon; compares and contrasts Dragoon with other intelligent tutoring systems; and presents a brief overview of formative and summative evaluations of Dragoon in both high school and college classes. Of four summative evaluations, three found that students who used Dragoon learned more about the target system than students who did equivalent work without Dragoon.     

A sequence of learning processes in an intelligent tutoring system from topic-related appraisals to learning gains

Although intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) are increasingly used, it is unclear which psychological processes precede students' learning gains. Using a pre- and posttest design, the present study examined a sequence of psychological processes informed by control value theory. We investigated (a) whether secondary school students' topic-related cognitive appraisals (value and control) affected their task-related affective (enjoyment and boredom) and cognitive (engagement and performance) outcomes while using the ITS and (b) whether task-related outcomes affected learning. Path analyses showed that students’ topic-related interest, but not perceived utility, personal importance or self-efficacy, was associated with task-related enjoyment. In turn, enjoyment showed reciprocal effects on and of engagement and ongoing task performance, which predicted final performance and, ultimately, learning gains. The influence of boredom, in contrast, was minimal along this sequence. More generally, the findings highlight the difficulty of establishing a clear pattern of sequential causation derived from control value theory for the current ITS context, with evidence demonstrating the systematic influence of confounders accounting for the predicted relations among components. Despite these limitations, we identified key psychological processes involving the contribution of affective and cognitive processes to learning in the ITS context.     

Improving students’ help-seeking skills using metacognitive feedback in an intelligent tutoring system

The present research investigated whether immediate metacognitive feedback on students’ help-seeking errors can help students acquire better help-seeking skills. The Help Tutor, an intelligent tutor agent for help seeking, was integrated into a commercial tutoring system for geometry, the Geometry Cognitive Tutor. Study 1, with 58 students, found that the real-time assessment of students’ help-seeking behavior correlated with other independent measures of help seeking, and that the Help Tutor improved students’ help-seeking behavior while learning Geometry with the Geometry Cognitive Tutor. Study 2, with 67 students, evaluated more elaborated support that included, in addition to the Help Tutor, also help-seeking instruction and support for self-assessment. The study replicated the effect found in Study 1. It was also found that the improved help-seeking skills transferred to learning new domain-level content during the month following the intervention, while the help-seeking support was no longer in effect. Implications for metacognitive tutoring are discussed.     

The de-facto privatization of secondary education in Egypt: a study of private tutoring in technical and general schools

Most secondary school students in Egypt enrol in private tutoring in almost all subjects throughout the school year. A large proportion of students have stopped attending school altogether due to their reliance on tutoring. This study of how educational markets are perpetuated at school level finds that in the technical track catering to the working classes, the market is forced upon students through physical and verbal intimidation by teachers receiving below subsistence wages. In the more middle class general secondary track, pressure to enrol in tutoring is less direct and the market is promoted as a necessity for competitive exam readiness, despite its unclear dividends. The result has been a de-facto privatization of secondary education facilitated by a state that has determined the material conditions of teachers, failed to prevent related abuse and corruption, and reduced its investment in education to the point that the market has effectively emptied out and displaced public schooling.     

Classwide peer tutoring for elementary and high school students at risk: listening to students’ voices

Teaching has become a very challenging profession with the requirements to provide appropriate individualised instruction in large and diverse classes. Problem behaviours displayed by students with special needs exacerbate the difficulties. This is especially true and intense in physical education, where students are exposed to extreme emotional situations under physical demands. Classwide peer tutoring (CWPT) is an evidence‐based teaching strategy that involves programmed interactions between peers and holds promise for the education of students at risk who display antisocial behaviours. This article discusses the implementation and modification of CWPT in third and eighth grades in a K‐12 inner‐city charter school in the USA, directed towards students who have special educational and social needs. First, the two CWPT applications are described. Second, authors share the students’ reactions to the pedagogy. Third, based on students’ responses and the teacher's accumulated experience delivering CWPT, the article discusses how to tailor CWPT better to each of the grade levels.     

注重制度建设 落实激励政策切实推进人才培养模式改革

在外聘教师担任辅导教师的情况下，建立助理辅导教师制度有利于为学员提供更好的学习支持服务，有利于尽快建立适应试点工作的教师队伍；推行个别化学习模式，要把课内外教学看成一个整体，综合确定一个合理的计酬方法，切实落实激励政策；指导教师是个目标性、专业性很强的工作，应由本专业教师担任；开放教育更注重教学过程和学习方法，在知识和获取知识能力两方面更注重能力的培养。     

Linking literacy teaching with assessment: a continuing professional development initiative for secondary schools

As part of a professional development initiative helping secondary school teachers use assessment data to guide their instruction, teachers in this study changed their knowledge, skills and dispositions. Over time, they were able to identify assessments, administer these assessments, interpret the results and plan instruction. As a result, the students who were tutored by these teachers increased their achievement compared with a control group.     

城市遥感影像信息元数据服务体系研究

介绍遥感影像元数据概念和作用，分析制定标准可行性、必要性及内容范围；探讨管理过程中的元数据的录入、工具、存储、安全等几个关键问题；最后，从数据流程的角度概要论述体系结构。     

基于Java Web和Matlab Builder JA的远程数学实验教学系统设计

研究了构建基于Matlab Web应用的远程数学实验教学系统的方法和关键技术,应用Java Web技术和Matlab Builder JA创建了数学实验教学环境,实现了一个在线学习的平台,在Web上运行参数可改的Matlab程序和WebFigure的应用,可直观地显示实验结果,实现了交互式学习,为相关教学软件的开发提供了一种新的途径。     

Maximizing the usage of technology-enhanced teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English program in the Malaysian secondary schools system

This research is attempting to examine the effectiveness in the application of ICT （information and communication technology） and standardize courseware in ETeMS （English for Teaching Mathematics and Science） or PPSMI （Pengajaran and Pembelajaran Sains and Matematic dalam Bahasa Inggeris） in English program in the Malaysian secondary school system. Five dimensions of secondary school （type of school, demographic, leadership quality, teaching and learning culture, and teachers＇ personal and working experience） were examined to determine the maximizing usage of TEC （technology-enhanced classroom） in the learning program. In general, there is a significant difference among factors stated above with maximizing usage of TEC in teaching and learning of science and mathematics in English program. The learning culture is also closely related. In addition, the school and teaching staff are another two essential factors found to be the strong fundamental of maximizing the usage of technology in TEC teaching and learning with towering quality. This study represents an addition to the extant literature on maximizing the usage of technology-enhanced teaching and learning towards the excellence of education in the secondary school system. The maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning environment within the secondary school system is pivotal towards achieving high quality human capital and improving the efficiency and integrity of technology-enhanced learning of science and mathematics in English program. This study provides further groundwork to assist existing education managers to improve work quality and deliver the maximizing usage of TEC teaching and learning towards the excellence in secondary education.     

大型建筑群变配电智能监控系统开发与应用

针对大型智能建筑群变配电设备分布广,系统供电可靠性和连续性要求高的特点,开发设计基于TCP/IP的变配电智能化监控系统,对其底层监控仪表和智能元件采用现场总线通讯控制,通过前端工作站接入以太网,实现基于IP的变配电系统的智能化监控管理.在此基础上.为了满足大型建筑群的能源管理需要,应用网络通信技术与系统集成技术,开发了变配电监控与其他建筑设备监控有机结合的智能建筑能源管理平台,具备远程Web服务功能接口,并已在一项大型建筑群中应用.     

构筑学校计算机信息安全系统

计算机网络技术的发展使信息安全受到严重的威胁。要解决信息安全应做到思想重视,技术完善,管理到位。新技术防火墙、入侵检测技术、网络杀毒技术的应用,是构筑信息安全系统不可或缺的因素。管理科学化、规范化是构筑信息安全技术的必由之路。     

施工项目成本控制对策的层次分析

采用层次分析法(AHP)对成本控制对策进行全面分析，并通过建立施工项目成本控制体系模型和对其进行一致性检验，总结出各种成本控制措施的重要权值，得出降低成本和科学排序的措施参数。     

Key topics for quantum mechanics at secondary schools: a Delphi study into expert opinions

This article describes a Delphi study aiming to investigate which quantum mechanics topics experts consider to be important to teach at the secondary level, and what arguments these experts give. A series of three questionnaires was administered to experts in the fields of quantum physics, mathematics, chemistry and biophysics (n?=?17, 12, 11 for the first, second, and third questionnaires, respectively; the number of participants changed due to attrition). Several experts from this group (n?=?9) were also interviewed. Results show that there is consensus on the topics considered to be important, i.e. duality, wave functions and atoms. Experts mainly based their topic ranking on relations between concepts, and on what quantum mechanics topics they consider to be fundamental. The topics that were considered less important were often described as too difficult or too complex.     

基于Web的鸟类分类系统的设计与开发

计算机技术的发展为生物分类学的研究与教学提供了一种高效的新手段．文中介绍的基于Web的鸟类分类系统，为我国鸟类的分类学研究提供了一个快捷、高效的网络工具．本系统由分类显示、分类查询、分类鉴定、地理分布和系统管理等5个功能模块组成，能满足我国鸟类分类学研究与教学的需要．     

面向智能车的新型电子液压制动系统设计与分析

针对传统液压制动系统应用场景受限的问题,面向智能车设计新型电子液压制动系统,由车辆配备的智能驾驶系统将制动信号传递给制动系统,制动系统由助力制动子系统和备份制动子系统组成,两系统之间通过单向导通梭阀完成解耦。利用系统硬件在环实验,分析电子液压制动系统的动态特性。实验结果表明:影响电子液压制动系统建压响应性与精度的因素众多,为使得系统可以快速响应,应确保整车制动管路排气良好,尽量避免使用制动软管?同时,不宜长时间进行高压力保压工况,避免电机及电机驱动器过热从而降低制动效能。     

Needs of elementary and middle school teachers developing online courses for a virtual school

Eight teams of elementary and middle school teachers developed pilot online courses for the North Carolina Virtual Public School (NCVPS) in the USA. A qualitative case study with focus groups and a follow‐up survey helped to identify common needs of these non‐traditional course designers during course development efforts. Findings suggest virtual schools can better support non‐traditional course designers by providing leadership components such as technical expertise, regular feedback, and clear expectations, including an understanding of the target students. Findings further suggest designers need a range of bite‐sized professional development on replicating model courses, using course management systems, assessing learners online, designing with copyright and safety issues in mind, integrating Web tools, and developing course documentation for deployment. The article concludes with a discussion of support structures that may aid instructors tasked with online course development.     

基于C／S与B／S混合模式的高校实验室建设与维护管理信息系统开发

基于校园网和互联网环境,采用C/S和B/S混合模式的体系结构开发了实验室建设与维护管理信息系统。以C/S模式实现仪器设备采购管理、设备维修管理、实验室改造、劳保用品和营养费管理及实验耗材管理等实验室建设的管理,协助设备实验室处工作人员完成实验室建设与维护管理工作;以B/S模式实现校长查询、院系查询、材料上报、信息共享、公告通知及远程访问等功能。基于校园网和互联网通过W eb服务器成功地实现了远程用户的访问,实现了实验室建设和维护管理的全过程信息化。     

Exploring the feasibility of a classroom‐based vocabulary intervention for mainstream secondary school students with language disorder

Vocabulary knowledge has been shown to be a predictor of academic success, posing a challenge for children and young people with language disorder. Language disorder can persist into adolescence and yet there is limited evidence on how to support the vocabulary skills of adolescents with language disorder in a mainstream setting. This article describes an experimental study aimed at investigating the feasibility of a whole‐class approach to increase the understanding and use of curriculum vocabulary in adolescents with language disorder. Ten curriculum words were taught by the science teacher using a phonological‐semantic approach, and 10 matched same‐topic words were taught using routine teaching practice. Progress was made post‐intervention in word knowledge of both low‐frequency experimental and control words, with significantly greater change in knowledge of the experimental words. Most students, and the teacher, viewed the phonological‐semantic word‐learning approach favourably.