同伴拒绝情境下大学生自尊补偿效应的研究

研究以67名大学生为被试,采用实验和问卷调查相结合的方法主要考察了内隐自尊补偿效应。结果表明大学生被试在被同伴拒绝后整体外显自尊水平显著降低;被同伴拒绝且进行了低自我肯定的被试表现出了内隐自尊补偿效应;大学生被试的外显和内隐自尊变化没有显著性别差异。     

小学三年级儿童英语语音规则内隐学习和外显学习的实验研究

第二语言的内隐学习是内隐学习在应用方面的前沿课题。为探讨小学儿童英语语音规则的内隐学习和外显学习规律,本研究选取北京市某小学三年级学生共94名,男女各半,进行了两个实验。实验分为学习、练习和测试三个阶段,实验一操纵了视听通道变量与内隐学习和外显学习变量的组合,实验二操纵内隐学习和外显学习变量在学习阶段和练习阶段的不同顺序的组合,得出以下结论：（1）儿童在英语语音规则的学习中,通道效应显著,通过视觉通道获得的成绩显著好于通过听觉通道获得的成绩;（2）对于单词测试和完形测试而言,内隐和外显的学习效应并不显著,内隐和外显学习不同的组合顺序效应也不显著;但就这两种测试正确率的平均值而言,内隐学习的正确率最高,而且这种内隐学习的方式是先内隐学习,随后进行外显练习;（3）对于规则测试而言,不仅受内隐和外显学习的影响,而且也受内隐和外显组合顺序的影响,表现为内隐学习和外显练习、外显学习与外显练习相结合的方式最好,外显学习与内隐练习结合的方式居中,内隐学习与内隐练习结合的方式最差。     

内隐与外显对EGP和ESP协同学习效应研究

以内隐学习中的人工语法为实验指导,尝试运用真实性语言材料并在计算机辅助设备下完成实验,统计分析与比较EGP与ESP的成绩,揭示EGP与ESP知识间内隐与外显协同学习是否存在相互效应和加工交互作用的机制。通过实验结果显示:EGP与ESP两者间存在着显著的相关性,将内隐与外显学习模式进行结合对EGP与ESP两者间知识的融合具有一定的协同和促进作用,能够显著提高被试的成绩,即内隐学习与外显学习出现了协同学习效应。     

网络中暴力刺激对青少年内隐攻击性的影响

以初中生为被试,采用组间实验设计,通过分离具体刺激种类的方法分别考察身体暴力及言语暴力因素对不同性别个体内隐性攻击性的影响,着重考察针对身体暴力因素的阈下刺激。结果表明:(1)青少年在接受身体和言语暴力材料的启动后,内隐攻击性均显著提高。(2)不同启动材料对内隐攻击性的影响表现出性别差异。身体暴力启动材料更容易启动男生的内隐攻击性,而言语类暴力启动材料则更容易启动女生的内隐攻击性。(3)青少年在接受不同阈值水平启动条件下的内隐攻击性受到性别影响。阈值上启动材料更容易启动男生的内隐攻击性;与男生相比,女生的内隐攻击性更容易受阈值下启动材料的影响。     

广东省工读学校学生自我概念及影响因素研究

本研究以初一到初三的150名工读学生和240名普通中学生为对象,对工读学生的自我概念及相关因素进行了研究。结果表明：（1）工读学生的外显自我概念水平显著低于普通中学生,年级差异亦比普通中学生显著;（2）工读学生表现出比普通中学生更显著的自我概念的内隐效应;（3）工读学生表现出比普通中学生更显著的内隐、外显自我概念的分离;（4）父母教养方式、师生关系满意度、同伴关系维度对工读学生外显、内隐自我概念的预测效应不同。     

“大学生对农村留守儿童污名效应”的实证探究

探索大学生群体对农村留守儿童是否存在污名效应。使用内隐联想测验(IAT)及自由联想问卷从外显和内隐两个方面进行了研究,结果发现:(1)在内隐态度方面,大学生更倾向于将农村留守儿童与积极属性词相联系,对农村留守儿童表现出明显偏爱(p<0.001);(2)在外显态度方面,大学生对农村留守儿童的积极评价明显少于普通家庭儿童,而消极评价明显多于普通家庭儿童(p<0.001)。结论:大学生对农村留守儿童的内隐和外显态度发生了分离。     

二语习得中内隐／外显学习的协同效应

内隐／外显学习是近年来二语习得研究领域的热点。内隐学习和外显学习虽然在内涵和特征上存在明显的不同,但两者在语言习得过程中表现出了相互协作、相互促进的关系。它们是涉及学习者本身特点、学习内容、学习方式和手段的一个复杂过程。只有清楚地了解并充分发挥内隐学习和外显学习的协同效应．学习者才能更有效地获得语言知识。     

自育式学习方略在名著阅读中的运用

一、自育式学习方略的两大背景(一)外显学习与内隐学习的特点与制约外显学习与内隐学习是人类完成复杂学习任务、获得知识的两种最基本的方式(Bialystok 1994)。外显学习是受意识控制,需要意识参与并采取一定策略的学习方式。内隐学习则是没有明确地意识到或不能陈述出控制学习者的行为规     

论内隐学习机制对第二语言学习的启示

内隐学习是无意识地获得刺激环境操作规则及潜在结构的过程,是不同于人类外显学习的另一种学习模式.随着言语领域内隐学习研究的深入,大量实验研究不仅证实了内隐学习现象的存在性,还表明在言语习得的某些方面存在着巨大的优越性.本文重点探讨了内隐学习在第二语言学习中的应用.     

挑衅情境与自恋类型对初中生攻击性解释偏向的影响

探讨高、低挑衅情境下显性与隐性自恋对初中生的外显及内隐攻击性解释偏向的影响。从453名初中生中筛选出显性自恋组和隐性自恋组各70人，为他们设置不同挑衅情境并测量其外显及内隐攻击性解释偏向。结果发现，与低挑衅情境相比，高挑衅情境下被试的攻击性解释偏向更多。在高挑衅情境下，显性自恋组的外显攻击性解释分数比隐性自恋组高；显性自恋组对攻击性和中性词的反应时之差显著大于隐性自恋组。结果表明，高挑衅情境比低挑衅情境更能诱发出攻击性解释偏向。在高挑衅情境下，显性自恋组比隐性自恋组表现出更多的外显攻击性解释偏向；隐性自恋组比显性自恋组表现出更多的内隐攻击性解释偏向。     

Augmented Reality for Teaching Science Vocabulary to Postsecondary Education Students With Intellectual Disabilities and Autism

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of an emerging technology called augmented reality to teach science vocabulary words to college students with intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorders. One student with autism and three students with an intellectual disability participated in a multiple probe across behaviors (i.e., acquisition of science vocabulary words) design. Data were collected on each student's ability to define and label three sets of science vocabulary words (i.e., bones, organs, and plant cells). The results indicate that all students acquired definition and labeling knowledge for the new science vocabulary terms. Results are discussed in the context of applying universal design principles with emerging technologies to create authentic opportunities for students with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders to learn science vocabulary. (Keywords: augmented reality, autism, intellectual disability, science vocabulary, universal design for learning)     

借鉴内隐学习理论 培养英语良好语感

学习新知识的过程可分为内隐学习和外显学习两部分,它们是同时进行的。相比外显学习,内隐学习没有固定的规则与束缚,是人们在无意识中进行的学习。它在英语学习中有十分重要的作用,能够帮助学生形成良好的英语语感。教师在英语教学中应合理借鉴内隐学习理论,让学生在诵、抄、仿、阅的过程中培养良好的语感,提高英语素养。     

信息技术促进学生外语内隐学习的探析

首先论述了内隐学习及其所具有的特征,然后从信息技术能为学习者提供多种媒体的学习材料、便于实现外显学习与内隐学习的有机结合、能为学习者阅读和听力提供良好的环境及能创设真实的外语学习情境四个方面探讨信息技术在促进学生外语内隐学习中的作用。     

Dyslexic children show deficits in implicit sequence learning,but not in explicit sequence learning or contextual cueing

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling abilities. The absence of other high level cognitive deficits in the dyslexic population has led some authors to propose that non-strategical processes like implicit learning could be impaired in this population. Most studies have addressed this issue by using sequence learning tasks, but so far the results have not been conclusive. We test this hypothesis by comparing the performance of dyslexic children and good readers in both implicit and explicit versions of the sequence learning task, as well as in another implicit learning task not involving sequential information. The results showed that dyslexic children failed to learn the sequence when they were not informed about its presence (implicit condition). In contrast, they learned without significant differences in relation to the good readers group when they were encouraged to discover the sequence and to use it in order to improve their performance (explicit condition). Moreover, we observed that this implicit learning deficit was not extended to other forms of non-sequential, implicit learning such as contextual cueing. In this case, both groups showed similar implicit learning about the information provided by the visual context. These results help to clarify previous contradictory data, and they are discussed in relation to how the implicit sequence learning deficit could contribute to the understanding of dyslexia.     

内隐学习理论对社会规范学习的启示

社会规范学习是个体品德形成的基础。由于忽视了社会规范学习的特点,社会规范学习成了令人厌烦的灌输与说教。内隐学习理论对社会规范学习的启示在于：社会规范学习中,必须激发学生内隐学习潜能;在各个学科教学中,渗透积极人生观;个体在无意识中形成内在品质;以外显可量化行为间接考察内隐的观念。在社会规范学习中运用内隐学习理论应注意：正确处理社会规范学习中内隐学习和外显学习的关系;选用符合学生认知发展规律的内隐学习材料;懂得内隐学习不是一蹴而就的。     

The Relative Merits of Explicit and Implicit Learning of Contrasted Algebra Principles

Knowledge representations that result from practicing problem solving can be expected to differ from knowledge representations that emerge from explicit verbalizing of principles and rules. We examined the degree to which the two types of learning improve problem-solving knowledge and verbal explanation knowledge in classroom instruction. We presented algebraic addition and multiplication problems to 153 sixth graders randomly assigned to two conditions. Students in the explicit learning condition had to verbally compare contrasted algebra problems. Students in the implicit learning condition had to generate and solve new problems. On three follow-up tests over 10 weeks, students in the explicit learning condition exhibited better problem-solving knowledge than students in the implicit learning condition, as well as some advantages in verbal concept knowledge. Implicit learning showed some advantages on not directly taught but incidentally learned aspects. Overall, this outcome favors the explicit learning of concepts. Explicit comparison fostered student performance on non-verbal and verbal measures, indicating that verbalization facilitates effective comparison.     

A Vocabulary Learning Tool for L2 Undergraduates Reading Science and Technology Textbooks

Students of English as a second language who major in science and technology use English-language textbooks to ensure that they can read English materials upon graduation. Research indicates that teachers spend little time helping these students on the linguistic complexity of such textbooks. Vocabulary, grammar, and article structure are elements of this complexity, but to many students, these elements can be akin to locked doors. This study presents MyVLS-Reader, which focuses on unlocking the first of these doors—vocabulary—while assisting in reading. With explicit vocabulary learning, students learn and memorize individual vocabulary, but the context is lost if the depth of learning discards context. In implicit vocabulary learning, students acquire vocabulary through repeated exposure to contexts, but repeated encounters with new words are required. Few e-learning systems combine both vocabulary-learning approaches. MyVLS-Reader achieves such synergy by (1) using a keyword setting to provide context-matched vocabulary explanation while reading and (2) embedding multiple learning choices, such as keyword setting, the review and memorization of explicit vocabulary, and the option to ask instructors. This study includes two rounds of evaluations: (1) an evaluation of the learning achievements of control and treatment groups and (2) a quantitative and qualitative investigation of perceptions regarding the use of MyVLS-Reader. The evaluation results indicate that the treatment group developed a better vocabulary than the control group in significantly less time. The use of MyVLS-Reader also slightly improved higher-order thinking skills. This result suggests that MyVLS-Reader can effective assist students in building their vocabulary while reading.     

内隐学习理论对大学生学习英语生词的启示

在对内隐学习的概念、内涵及特征进行介绍的基础上,指出内隐学习理论对大学生学习英语生词具有重要启示：重视内隐学习方式;营造良好氛囤;重视语言输入,扩充内隐知识。