教育学范式论

库恩范式是指某一学科的理论根基、第一原理,其重要作用在于它范例性地指出了某一学科领域的研究方向、程序、方法、标准等。在一个范式指导下的研究就是范式研究,这是一门学科成熟的标志。研究教育学的范式具有重大意义,如可以结束学派纷争,停止理论移植与嫁接,从而使后继研究者不再从零开始研究。当前,教育学处于前范式时期。要建立教育学的范式,应从教育学的第一问题教育是什么出发,因为教育不是一种活动,而是无数人为活动的泛称,没有一个客观、绝对的标准来判断某种活动是不是教育。     

从“说服”到“启发”：教育学研究的两种范式

本提出教育学研究的两种范式,传统教育写作和教育学的诗化写作。传统教育写作追求“以理服人”,“解决”他人的问题;教育学的诗化写作追求“以思启人”,意在唤起问题。从“说服”到“启发”,意味着教育学话语品质的转向,意味着教育学生存方式的转向。     

谈写作课程的三大范式

写作课程大致有三种视角:(1)从结果上,把写作看作写文章;(2)从过程上,把写作看作认知过程和问题解决;(3)从功能上,把写作看作自我表达和社会交流。基于上述不同的写作观,写作教学经历了三种范式转型,即结果(文本)中心范式、过程(作者)中心范式、交流(读者)中心范式。从上述三种写作范式出发,构建基于范式整合的中小学写作课程体系,应该是解决我国作文教学问题的突破口。     

The road to self-assessment: exemplar marking before peer review develops first-year students’ capacity to judge the quality of a scientific report

Lack of clarity about assessment criteria and standards is a source of anxiety for many first-year university students. The Developing Understanding of Assessment for Learning (DUAL) programme was designed as a staged approach to gradually familiarise students with expectations, and to provide opportunities for the development of the skills required to successfully complete assessment tasks. This paper investigated the students’ perceptions of the first two components of the DUAL programme, which assist first-year biology students to engage with stated assessment criteria and standards in order to develop their capacity to make judgements about scientific report exemplars, their peers’ scientific reports and ultimately their own. The study found strong evidence (96% of responses) that the marking and discussion of exemplar reports with peers and demonstrators clarified expectations of scientific report writing. A key feature of this element of DUAL was the opportunity for structured discussion about assessment criteria and standards between peers and markers (demonstrators). During these discussions, students can clarify explicit statements and develop a tacit knowledge base to enhance their ability to judge the quality of others’ work and their own. The peer review exercise (the second element of DUAL) was not rated as highly, with 65% of students finding the process helpful for improving their report. The negative reactions by a sizeable minority of students highlight the need to clearly communicate the expectations and benefits of peer review, with a focus on how the process of giving feedback to peers might benefit a student as much as receiving feedback on their own report.     

关于教育学教材的一点思考

我国已有的教育学教材存在着陈旧的话语系统、单调的写作方式等表面问题,而在其背后更存在着现实的抽离与还原、教师的缺席与在场、霸权的隐现与警惕等深层困惑。教育学教材建设应有新的考虑:选择的可能、学术的魅力、实践的品质、建构的观念。     

困境与突破:论中国教育学范式

In this paper, the paradigm of China’s pedagogy means a way of thinking followed and adhered to by Chinese educationists from the establishment of New China till now when they consider, study and conceive problems of pedagogy. This way of thinking guides educationists to have particular study directions, unique modes of pedagogy establishment and special framework of problem solving. And furthermore, it forms the study tradition of China’s pedagogy and stipulates the developing orientation of China’s pedagogy. From the establishment of New China till now, we have been edified by the paradigms in the Soviet Union and the Western countries and restricted by “Western paradigm” and “Soviet Paradigm”, without any paradigm of our own. The paradigm crisis in the development of China’ pedagogy has obstructed the healthy development of China’s pedagogy. The establishment of China’s pedagogy should start with establishing the subject-educationists and establishing the object-“paradigm system”. The establishment of China’s pedagogy paradigm will contribute greatly to the origination of China’s pedagogy and its academic schools. __________ Translated from Dongbei Shifan Daxue Xuebao (Zhexue Shehui Kexue Ban) 东北师范大学学 报(哲学社会科学版) (Journal of Northeast Normal University (Philosophy and Social Sciences)), 2007, (3): 5–12     

Student or scholar? Transforming identities through a research writing group

This article explores the role a writing group played in influencing the scholarly identities of a group of doctoral students by fostering their writing expertise. While the interest in writing groups usually centres on their potential to support doctoral students to publish, few studies have been conducted and written by the students themselves. Using a situated learning perspective on identity, we explore the connection that emerged between our perceptions of ourselves as developing expertise as scholarly writers and the function of the writing group as a dynamic space for transforming our identities. Findings show that our writing group served as a flexible and interactive Community of Practice (CoP) that shaped critical and durable shifts in identity amongst members.     

论教育学识的习得与教育学派的创生

对教育学科学习者来说,学习是解构的过程,因此教育学派成为学科成熟的标志;对教育研究者来说,研究是建构的过程,因此教育学识的科学性与实效性才是学科成熟的标志。但教育理论科学性与实效性评价标准的缺位,既为社会大众利用个案对教育理论体系进行证伪提供了机会,也为教育研究个体利用个案对自己的研究成果予以证实提供了机会。走向教育实践,既是确定教育理论研究科学性与实效性评价标准的过程,也是教育研究者在实践问题的解决中,逐渐达成研究共识并进而形成学派的过程,也是通过教育学派间的理论竞争并最终形成教育研究范式的必然选择。     

比较教育学研究范式的科学主义与人文主义之争

科学主义与人文主义研究范式的争论一直伴随比较教育学科的发展而延续,直到20世纪后期,两者开始从此消彼长的二元对立状态逐渐走向融合.对这一过程的梳理将有助于弥合不同研究范式之间的隔阂,使比较教育学的研究更加全面与深化.     

职业教育学研究的未来范式——以问题为中心的跨学科研究

目前职业教育研究尚未形成共有\"范式\",研究者在不同的理论框架下讨论相同的问题时产生了很多分歧。范式对学科发展起到很大的推动作用,职业教育学研究也需要一个共同的研究模式,职业教育学学科建设关注职业教育实践问题的同时也要构建理论体系。无论从实践层面还是理论层面上看,以问题为中心的跨学科研究将成为职业教育学研究的未来范式。     

“学科”范式下我国高等教育学科发展的困境与出路

与西方高等教育"问题研究"的取向不同,中国高等教育研究带有明显的学科指向性,是高等教育学科视野下的"学科研究",即建立高等教育学科并将各种高等教育问题纳入高等教育学及其分支学科框架中进行学科化研究。我国高等教育学科地位尽管已经确立,也有力地促进了高等教育研究的繁荣与发展,但其自身的发展还不够完善,还面临着一些现实困境,需要在学科的知识体系、方法体系和学科建制等方面进行借鉴与创新,促进高等教育学科不断走向成熟。     

德国“教育学-教学论”范式与美国“教育科学-课程论”范式的比较研究

以德国为代表的\"教育学—教学论\"范式和以美国为代表的\"教育科学—课程论\"范式是教育研究领域两种重要的、不同的研究范式。德国的\"教育学—教学论\"范式以唯理主义哲学为理论基础,强调从整体上培养人的问题,并从整体和人的全面发展的角度去理解和解决教育和教学问题;相对而言美国的\"教育科学-课程论\"范式则缺乏这种整体主义的视角。究其原因,除了跟两国不同的历史文化和哲学范式有关外,还与德国\"教育学—教学论\"范式中一个核心概念\"教化\"有着密不可分的关系。由于历史的原因,这两大研究范式并存于我国目前的教育研究和实践中。澄清二者之间的具体差异以及造成差异的根源是解决困扰我国教育研究和实践的途径之一。