Position detection and vibration monitoring system using quad-cell optical beam power distribution

In this paper, we study the accuracy of an optical vibration sensing system using Gaussian beam analysis. The proposed optical system uses a He-Ne laser source whose Gaussian beam impinges on a quad-cell photodetector array. The normalized optical power for each cell is obtained through numerical simulation based on the well-known Gaussian beam optics formulation, as the beam scans the plane of the photodetectors due to vibration. The system detection principle lies upon finding a relationship between the power distribution of the quad-cell and the position of the beam centroid, which allows us to identify the characteristics of the vibration applied, such as direction, frequency and strength. The aspects of practical implementation and experimental limitations on the power distribution accuracy are discussed and the discrepancies with the theoretical results are presented.     

激光脉冲激发的超声脉冲波形的理论研究

在激光热弹产生超声的研究中，对于产生超声的激光脉冲波形，大都是采取简化处理了的矩形脉冲或三角形脉冲，这样的处理虽然在计算上较易得出结论，但它与真实的高斯激光脉冲有较大的差别。为此笔者采用更接受于实际激光脉冲波形的梯形脉冲模型，应用热传导方程和Navier-stokes方程对半无限大介质中所激发的超声脉冲特性进行了计算研究，结果得出了比矩形脉冲更具有普遍性的结果，也与实验结果相符。     

波导DCN激光器输出特性的理论和实验分析

介绍了波导DCN激光器的原理和结构,重点研究了波导DCN激光本征模(EH11模)在远场和近场的多阶高斯耦合效应,分析了DCN激光器的输出特性.理论计算的结果与实验数据基本吻合,并为EAST托卡马克远红外激光干涉仪系统的光学设计提供了必要条件     

Error analysis of TAS/MRC in Rayleigh fading channel with non-Gaussian noise

Transmit antenna selection with maximal ratio combining at the receiver (TAS/MRC) is a promising technique that can be used to avoid the hardware complexity of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system without jeopardizing the diversity gain. The generalized Gaussian distribution (GGD) is used to model different kinds of additive noise including Gaussian, Laplacian, uniform, and impulsive. In this paper, we study the bit error performance of TAS/MRC system assuming flat Rayleigh fading channels perturbed by additive white generalized Gaussian noise (AWGGN). To this end, we provide a closed form expression for the average bit error rate of coherent modulation techniques in terms of Mejier’s G function that is readily available in many commercial mathematical software packages like MATLAB and Mathematica. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of the BER at high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Analytical results are verified by simulation.     

半波损失的符号问题

当一列波从一种媒介传递到另外一种媒介界面而反射的时候．它的相位有可能会发生一定量的改变．这种改变依赖两种介质的相互性质．即与波是从波疏介质进入波密介质．还是从波密介质进入波疏介质有关。针对这种反射时相位发生改变的情形．很多教科书上都有提及到．但是这种半波损失的情况在波动方程中的体现和描述却是值得商榷的。这里我们从能量守恒等角度来对该表达形式进行讨论。     

A Dual Approach to a Linear Smoothing Problem

In this paper, the continuous-time linear Gaussian smoothing problem is investigated by utilizing a dual approach. It is shown that the smoothing problem is a dual of an optimal regulator with a jump condition on the trajectory. By solving the dual optimal control problem, basic results established earlier on this smoothing problem are derived in a simpler way. Results are also obtained for the discrete-time linear smoothing Gaussian problem.     

侧面波的研究

当球面声波由介质1进入介质2时,如果波速c1相似文献   

The detonation wave from solid explosives

It has been shown that the detonation wave from a solid explosive changes in velocity after leaving the explosive. In the case of some low-velocity explosives, e.g., about 2400 metres per second, the velocity of the detonation wave increases by approximately 100–200 metres per second. With other high-velocity explosives, 5000–6000 m./sec., the velocity may decrease to around 4400 metres in some cases.Careful measurements have shown that a zone of uniform velocity exists beyond the surface of the explosive, the dimensions of the zone depending on the diameter of the sphere of the explosive or the diameter of the cartridge detonated. In the case of a $\text{1}\text{1}\text{4}$-inch dynamite cartridge, the zone of uniform velocity extended for about ten inches, while, with a sphere of explosive four inches in diameter, the zone extended for about 25 inches.An explanation of the reason for the high velocity of the detonation wave in the gaseous medium is suggested, linking it up with either the velocity of sound at the temperatures prevailing or the kinetic velocity of the gaseous particles themselves, the latter explanation appearing to be more in accordance with the determined facts. Such an explanation implies the assumption of extremely high momentary temperatures at the wave front, in some cases of over 40,000° C. These extremely high temperatures are due partly to the heat of combustion of the explosive ingredients but more to the heating effect resulting from the enormous pressures developed at the moment of explosion, as previously applied by Berthelot and Dixon in the study of gaseous explosions. Adiabatic conditions are assumed in such calculations. With such an explanation, reasonable agreement between theory and fact is obtained for a number of explosives, and the discrepancies that exist are in cases where discrepancies might be expected.     

非均匀柱面波的复射线束展开

用鞍点法导出了非均匀桂面波的复射线束展开系数公式，所得结果可用于研究非均匀柱面波在复杂环境中的传播、散射等问题。     

地平面对GP天线性能的影响

1/4波长的垂直GP天线广泛用于中波广播以及移动无线电通讯等领域。GP天线即地网天线英文全称为Ground Plane antenna可知地网是GP天线的组成部分,地网的性质会对GP天线产生非常重要的影响。本文借助仿真软件HFSS分析了地网的大小形状材料对GP天线阻抗,共振频率,增益,方向图等天线主要参数的影响。这些结果将为GP天线在有限地平面中的设计提供理论支持。     

Transportation of single cell and microbubbles by phase-shift introduced to standing leaky surface acoustic waves

A microfluidic device was developed to precisely transport a single cell or multiple microbubbles by introducing phase-shifts to a standing leaky surface acoustic wave (SLSAW). The device consists of a polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) microchannel and two phase-tunable interdigital transducers (IDTs) for the generation of the relative phase for the pair of surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagating along the opposite directions forming a standing wave. When the SAW contacts the fluid medium inside the microchannel, some of SAW energy is coupled to the fluid and the SAW becomes the leaky surface wave. By modulating the relative phase between two IDTs, the positions of pressure nodes of the SLSAW in the microchannel change linearly resulting in the transportation of a single cell or microbubbles. The results also reveal that there is a good linear relationship between the relative phase and the displacement of a single cell or microbubbles. Furthermore, the single cell and the microbubbles can be transported over a predetermined distance continuously until they reach the targeted locations. This technique has its distinct advantages, such as precise position-manipulation, simple to implement, miniature size, and noninvasive character, which may provide an effective method for the position-manipulation of a single cell and microbubbles in many biological and biomedical applications.     

Enhanced fluorescence emitted by microdroplets containing organic dye emulsions

In this paper, laser beam resonant interaction with pendant microdroplets that are seeded with a laser dye (Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G)) water solution or oily Vitamin A emulsion with Rhodamine 6G solution in water is investigated through fluorescence spectra analysis. The excitation is made with the second harmonic generated beam emitted by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser system at 532 nm. The pendant microdroplets containing emulsion exhibit an enhanced fluorescence signal. This effect can be explained as being due to the scattering of light by the sub-micrometric drops of oily Vitamin A in emulsion and by the spherical geometry of the pendant droplet. The droplet acts as an optical resonator amplifying the fluorescence signal with the possibility of producing lasing effect. Here, we also investigate how Rhodamine 6G concentration, pumping laser beam energies and number of pumping laser pulses influence the fluorescence behavior. The results can be useful in optical imaging, since they can lead to the use of smaller quantities of fluorescent dyes to obtain results with the same quality.     

Performance output tracking for coupled wave equations with unmatched boundary disturbance

In this paper, we consider performance output tracking for coupled wave equations with general external unmatched disturbance. An observer is designed first to estimate the state and disturbance simultaneously. Then we construct a servo system determined completely by the measured output and the reference signal which in turn gives dynamics of reference signal. In the following, an output feedback controller is designed based on this observer and servo system. It is shown that the closed-loop system is well-posed and the performance output is tracking the reference signal. Finally, we present some numerical results to illustrate the effectiveness of the controller.     

关于机械波中的几个问题

机械波是大学物理教学中的重点内容,本文以平面简谐波为例,阐明了波动方程所描述的物理意义,讨论了介质中两点之间的相位差,并对驻波进行了分析。     

Generalized magneto-ionic theory

A vector equation relating the polarization of a homogeneous isotropic medium to an external impressed magnetic field was derived under the condition that the medium is penetrated by an electromagnetic wave. From the three implicit scalar relationships, a final equation involving the fourth degree of the refractive index was obtained. The identity of the quartic equation with the corresponding relationships of Appleton and Booker under the appropriate restrictive conditions is shown.     

Identification of Gaussian process with switching noise mode and missing data

In traditional system identification methods, it is often assumed that the output data are corrupted by Gaussian white noise which is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). However, this assumption may lead to poor robustness since the noise characteristic often varies throughout the sampling process. In this work, output measurements affected by switching Gaussian noise are considered. In addition, a Markov chain model is utilized to describe the multi-mode behavior of the noises. Meanwhile, the collected data are usually incomplete in practice. Taking these circumstances into account, a new algorithm for Gaussian process regression (GPR) with switching noise mode and missing data is introduced. The parameters of the model are estimated by expectation maximization (EM) algorithm via conjugate gradient (CG) method. Two numerical examples along with a continuous stirred tank reactor simulation are employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The superior performance is demonstrated by comparing the proposed algorithm with other existing relevant methods.     

Passive optical separation and enrichment of cells by size difference

A size-selective cell sorting microfluidic device that utilizes optical force is developed. The device consists of a three-dimensional polydimethylsiloxane microstructure comprised of two crossed microchannels in a three-dimensional configuration. A line shaped focused laser beam is used for automatic size-selective cell sorting in a continuous flow environment. As yeast cells in an aqueous medium are fed continuously into a lower channel, the line shaped focused laser beam is applied (perpendicular to the direction of flow) at the junction of the two crossed channels. The scattering force of the laser beam was employed to push cells matching specific criteria upward from one channel to another. The force depends on the size of the cells, the laser power, and the fluid flow speed. The variation in size of yeast cells causes them to follow different routes at the intersection. For flow speeds below 30 μm∕s, all yeast cells larger than 3 μm were removed from the main stream. As a result, a high purity sample of small cells can be collected at the outlet of bottom channel.     

带状电子注空间电荷波色散特性研究

在引导磁场无限大的情况下,对平板波导中带状电子注进行理论分析,得出了行列式形式的色散方程并进行数值计算。研究了空间电荷波色散曲线随电子密度、电子注厚度和电子注能量等参量的变化规律,这些规律对带状注器件的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

量子纠缠态制备、操纵的实验研究

量子纠缠是量子信息学中最重要也是最为奇特的一个课题.在量子信息学中,量子信息的处理离不开量子态及其操纵,而量子纠缠态毫无疑问是各种各样的量子态中最重要的一种. 利用光子纠缠态开展了以下实验研究:(1)利用连续波激光束泵浦非线性晶体的自发参量下转换过程,制备出了双光子偏振纠缠态,具有较高亮度和纠缠度,并具有纠缠度可调谐的特点. 利用这种纠缠源,制备了量子信息学中一种重要的混合态——Werner态,采用的方案使得Werner态中纠缠的成分是可控制的.(2)利用线性光学元件以及路径比特概念的引入,在实验上用单光子实现了Buek-Hillery普适克隆机,实验结果表明,对任意的输入纯态,此克隆机输出的2份拷贝与初始态均达到5/6的保真度,与理论计算一致.(3)在实验上利用自发参量下转换系统制备的双光子偏振最大纠缠态及非最大纠缠态进行了CHSH不等式的检验,验证了对于2比特纠缠纯态,"纠缠"等价于"Bell不等式违背"这一结论.(4)除了局域隐变量理论之外,还有一种主要的隐变量理论——环境无关的隐变量理论(NCHV),关于这种隐变量,类似于Bell不等式,有一个Kochen-Specker理论,其主要内容是证明NCHV和量子力学的矛盾. 完成了一个用单光子实现的检验Kochen-Spcker理论的实验,实验结果证明了NCHV是不存在的.     

基于暂态信号频域分析的故障测距方法研究

本文提出了一种基于行波特征频率的中压电缆故障测距方法,该方法通过自建立母小波函数对小波函数提取特征频率进行改进,提高故障特征频率的提取精度.本方法利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件对一简单拓扑进行仿真,仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的精度.