集群、网络与IJVs的创新研究/FONT

摘要：IJV的创新能力对IJV构建和保持竞争优势越来越重要,学者对影响IJVs创新的因素做了大量研究,但尚无学者把集群、网络两个因素纳入其中,本文探讨集群内企业网络关系对IJV创新能力的影响,并以华南地区集群内的96家IJVs为样本进行实证研究。结果表明：网络关系,例如网络强度、网络密度以及网络关系的互惠程度对集群中的IJVs的创新能力有重要影响,是IJVs充分发挥集群创新优势的关键因素。 关键词：集群;网络关系;IJVs创新     

试论产学研结合的基础、方式与风险性

产学研结合不仅是一个经济问题，其背后蕴涵着许多哲学问题，从经济哲学角度，论证了产学研结合的理论基础，并就当前产学研3种结合方式及其风险性进行了具体分析。     

Selective search, sectoral patterns, and the impact on product innovation performance

The shift toward more open and interconnected innovation activities has been a major topic in recent academic and practitioner discussions. Firms must connect their in-house R&D activities with external partners, such as leading customers or universities, to increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. Hence, management needs to define where to search for valuable knowledge in its environment. In this paper we argue that knowledge search has to reflect the heterogeneity of various knowledge sources with regard to the knowledge they can provide and how these sources can be activated. We hypothesize that search strategies driven by science, suppliers and the product market will contribute differently to innovation success with new-to-market versus imitated products. Moreover, we explore the effect of these types of knowledge search within different sectoral patterns of innovation. Our empirical analysis rests on a sample of almost 5000 firms from five Western European countries. The results support our hypotheses and highlight the potentials and shortcomings of different types of knowledge search.     

需求规模、市场竞争与自主创新的实证研究

摘要：本文建立数学模型并实证检验了新奇产品的需求规模、市场竞争与国家自主创新能力之间的关系,结果显示新产品需求规模推动了国家自主创新能力的提升,而随着市场垄断程度的增强,却阻碍了国家自主创新能力。实证结果的政策含义在于我国应当充分利用巨大的市场需求规模,同时培育竞争性的市场结构,增强自主创新能力。     

创业动机、机会开发与资源整合关系实证研究

摘要：创业动机、机会与资源是创业的重要因素,但对三者之间作用关系的研究尚不多见。本文将创业动机分为主动的创业动机和被动的创业动机;创业机会分为创新型创业机会与均衡型创业机会;并定义了三种资源整合方式：技术驱动型、资金驱动型和人力资本驱动型。构建了创业动机、机会开发与资源整合方式相互关系的理论模型,并通过对长春371家科技型企业创业者进行问卷调查,利用AMOS软件对数据进行分析,研究结果显示创业动机、机会开发与资源整合方式之间具有密切联系。     

In-formation on the prairie: Signs, patterns, systems and prairie dogs

The concept of information is clearly foundational to the ‘information’ disciplines but lacking in a clear conceptual foundation. In this paper we propose that the concept is clearly overloaded and suggest that a new vocabulary is needed to enhance our powers of understanding and explanation. We argue that information is better situated at the intersection of signs, patterns and systems, which involves the enactment of forma (the substance of a sign), informa (the content of a sign) and performa (the use of signs in coordinated action). Within this perspective ‘information’ is considered an accomplishment not only of humans but also of animals. This leads us to use a well-documented case from the animal kingdom, that of communication amongst Gunnison prairie dogs, to both ground and expand upon significant elements from our conceptual framework. This we believe helps shed new light on what the juxtaposition of information with behaviour actually means.     

数据、信息、知识与情报转化关系的探讨

数据、信息、知识和情报是情报学的4个基础概念,对这4个概念本身以及它们之间关系的探讨一直是情报学研究的热点之一。本文通过对具体案例进行详细分析得到以下发现：第一,情报来源于信息而不是知识;第二,从数据到信息、从信息到情报都需要知识的支撑,知识贯穿于整个转化过程。     

海外网络嵌入、合作能力、知识获取与企业创新绩效的关系研究

构建包括海外网络结构嵌入、海外网络关系嵌入、合作能力、知识获取和企业创新绩效的理论模型。在216份有效问卷基础上开展实证研究。结果证实海外网络嵌入对知识获取有显著的正向影响,但需要通过合作能力这一中介变量来传导,由此构建我国企业通过海外网络嵌入实现技术追赶的路径。研究结论对我国企业如何"走出去"有一定的指导作用。     

Predicting the past: ancient eclipses and Airy, Newcomb, and Huxley on the authority of science

Greek historical accounts of ancient eclipses were an important, if peculiar, focus of scientific attention in the nineteenth century. Victorian-era astronomers tried to correct the classical histories using scientific methods, then used those histories as data with which to calibrate their lunar theories, then rejected the histories as having any relevance at all. The specific dating of these eclipses--apparently a simple exercise in celestial mechanics--became bound up with tensions between scientific and humanistic approaches to the past as well as with wider social debates over the power and authority of science in general. The major figures discussed here, including G. B. Airy, Simon Newcomb, and T. H. Huxley, argued that the critical question was whether science could speak authoritatively about the past. To them, the ability of science to talk about the past indicated its power to talk about the future; it was also the fulcrum of fierce boundary disputes among science, history, and religion.     

上海转型发展与政产学研协同创新研究

分析上海转型发展过程与政产学研模式、效果和存在问题。发现上海政产学研模式多样,科技带动作用较强,但由于企业、政府和学研自身的欠缺以及协同平台不健全等限制了政产学研功能的发挥。提出在健全政产学研协同创新平台的基础上形成政府引领、企业主导、高校和科研机构积极参与的创新格局,激发政产学研各级主体的创新动力,达到政企协同、企研协同、政研协同,实现技术创新和发展转型。     

关系质量、关系学习与双元创新

近些年来,企业之间的关系活动逐渐成为学者们聚焦的热点研究之一。目前基于互动学习的视角,讨论关系质量如何影响双元创新的实证研究数量相当有限,其内在的机理还没有得到清晰的探究。本研究基于249家高技术企业的调研数据,将关系质量和双元创新相连接进一步促进已有的理论研究;将关系学习进一步打开成三个子维度(信息共享、共同理解和特定关系记忆)分别研究其对双元创新的影响;并进一步基于互动学习视角探究了关系学习在关系质量和双元创新之间的中介作用。结果显示,关系质量对于双元创新具有显著影响;信息共享、共同理解和特定关系记忆分别在关系质量和双元创新之间起到中介作用。最后对本文的研究结果进行讨论,并在阐释研究局限性的基础上对未来研究方向提出可行建议。