卵母细胞与颗粒细胞的交互作用

哺乳动物卵巢中卵母细胞的生长伴随着卵泡发育,其中两个卵原因子,分别是生长分化因子9(growth differentiation factor 9,GDF9)和骨形态生成蛋白15(bone morphogenetic protein 15,BMP15),在关乎卵巢功能及生育能力的卵母细胞和颗粒细胞之间发挥了双向交互作用.而体外卵母细胞和颗粒细胞培养体系的完善,可以更好的研究二者之间的作用及影响.通过体外培养研究卵母细胞生长中颗粒细胞的作用、卵泡发育过程中卵母细胞的作用,发现颗粒细胞给卵母细胞提供营养成分和代谢产物,并通过旁分泌调节卵母细胞生长;而卵母细胞调节颗粒细胞增殖和分化,并通过分泌GDF9和BMP15诱导卵泡腔的形成,GDF9和BMP15的合成又受到颗粒细胞的调控.     

浅析胰岛素和胰高血糖素分泌的调节

胰岛素是胰岛B细胞分泌的一种蛋白质激素;胰高血糖素是由胰岛A细胞分泌的一种多肽类激素.它们互相拮抗,共同调节,使人体的血糖浓度维持相对稳定.而胰岛素和胰高血糖素的分泌又受多个因素的影响,现归纳整理如下:     

四种植物分泌结构的观察

为了解芳香植物的香气与显微结构的相关性,文章以白兰花、杧果、薄荷、艾草作为实验材料,采用改进的徒手切片法和光学显微镜观察供试植物的叶和茎的内部显微结构。结果显示：白兰花、杧果、薄荷、艾草四种植物的茎叶都具有分泌结构,但其显微结构及分布位置有所不同。其中白兰花和杧果的分泌结构属于内分泌结构,薄荷和艾草的分泌结构属于外分泌结构。     

金丝桃属植物分泌结构与分泌物关系的研究

利用整体透明,石蜡切片,半薄切片和组织化学等方法对金丝桃属４组－金丝桃组,贯叶连翘组,地耳草组和黄海棠组植物的各种器官的分泌结构进行研究,结果表明：该属植物的分泌结构可划分为分泌细胞团,分泌囊和分泌道等三种;金丝桃素存在于分泌细胞团中,挥发油存在于分泌囊和分泌道中。     

儿童分泌性中耳炎634例临床分析

为了总结慢性分泌性中耳炎的诊断和治疗,文章回顾性分析了本科2008年1月～2012年1月收治的634例分泌性中耳炎患者的临床资料,探讨分泌性中耳炎治疗的临床路径,总结经验,提高疗效。有634例患者,采用药物,咽鼓管吹张,鼓室穿刺和鼓膜切开置管和手术等治疗,结果634例中495例治愈(78.07%),好转58例(9.15%),109例复发,复发率17.19%。得出结论"分泌性中耳炎在病因病理、诊断治疗等方面还有太多的未知,是一个值得多中心询证医学研究的疾病"。     

细胞骨架与胰岛素分泌

本文介绍了细胞骨架在胰岛素分泌过程中所起的重要作用。     

有氧运动对中年知识女性性激素分泌及免疫功能的影响

观察有氧运动对中年知识女性性激素水平和免疫功能的影响,以探讨中年知识女性运动健身的科学途径。方法:对126名中年知识女性的健康状况进行问卷调查,并自行设计24周有氧运动对其进行干预,研究其对激素分泌及机体免疫功能的影响。结论:有氧运动作为一种有效干预手段可改善中年知识女性机体性激素的分泌,同时提高自身的免疫功能,对中年知识女性保持身心健康有积极的推动作用。     

自制“甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节”的教具

本文以“甲状腺激素分泌的分级调节”一节为例，利用透明饮水瓶和医用输液管等简易材料制作教具，模拟人体在感受到外部环境温度下降时，人体内激素的分泌情况和调节过程。还可以应用在解释激素调节的特点、神经调节与神经-体液调节的区别和模拟神经系统的分级调节实验中。     

对小鼠实验性胃溃疡时期神经分泌细胞的观察

成年雄性小白鼠36只,分为实验性胃溃疡组和对照组,用Gomori氏、Bussolat氏硫代硫酸醛复红和铬明矾苏木精—焰红染色观察了下丘脑室旁核神经分泌细胞的神经分泌颗粒的变化,实验组与盐水对照组3、6、9天相比有显著性差异,本实验提示:室旁核醛复红阳性细胞可能参与了胃溃疡修复期自然抗病的整合作用。     

同期发情与超数排卵的区别及联系

1发情和排卵的调节及控制原理 发情和排卵主要受神经内分泌和生殖激素的共同作用调节.当母畜生长发育到初情期时,下丘脑的某些神经细胞所分泌的促性腺激素释放激素可促使脑垂体前叶分泌促性腺激素,包括促卵泡素和促黄体素.     

卵泡生长发育的动态模式及其调控的研究进展

本文讨论了卵泡生长发育的动态模式，包括吸收、选择、优势化、退化或者排卵；并对在卵泡发生期间的调控和激素的作用机理也进行了综述。     

不同输精时间对江淮水牛受胎率的影响

本文主要对母牛不同发情阶段的输精时间和输精时卵泡发育程度进行了分析,并研究了不同输精时间对江淮水牛受胎率的影响。结果表明,江淮水母牛在发情结束后6-10h,或在在卵泡表皮紧张、波动明显时进行输精,情期受胎率最高。     

Resistin levels of serum and follicular fluid in non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF cycles

INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of anovulatory infertility and affects 5%~10% of reproductive age women (Dunaif, 1997). It is characterized by hyperandrogenemia and chronic anovulation and is associated with insulin resistance, obesity and increased risk for type 2 diabetes (Kno- chenhauer et al., 1998). Insulin resistance is thought to play an important role in aetiology of PCOS (Chang et al., 1983; Shoupe et al., 1983). In vitro and in vivo studies …     

Resistin levels of serum and follicular fluid in non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome during IVF cycles

Objectives: To measure serum and follicular resistin, steroids hormone levels in women with PCOS (polycystic ovary syndrome) (BMI (body mass index)<25 kg/m²), to assess possible correlations of resistin to hormonal and metabolic parameters and to analyze the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) in women with PCOS and tubal infertility. Study design: We analyzed the clinical outcomes of IVF-ET in women with PCOS (BMI<25 kg/m²) and tubal infertility during the years 2002 to 2004 and compared the serum and follicular fluid resistin levels, estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) levels in 20 PCOS and 20 healthy, age-matched women without PCOS during IVF-stimulated cycles. The correlations between the resistin levels and the outcomes of IVF-ET were evaluated. Results: No significant differences in resistin levels of either serum or follicular fluid between PCOS and control group were found. However, resistin levels in serum were higher than that in follicular fluid in both groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that resistin levels in serum did not correlate with BMI, estradiol, LH (luteinizing hormone) and insulin level in fasting blood. No significant correlations were found between follicular fluid reisistin levels and fertilization rate, implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate or early miscarriage rate in both PCOS and control groups. Conclusion: Our results show that resistin does not have correlation with the hormonal and metabolic parameters as well as the outcomes of IVF. These data suggest that resistin is unlikely to be a local determinant factor in steroidogenesis and growth and maturation of oocytes during IVF-ET in lean women with PCOS.     

Effect of epidermal growth factor on follicle-stimulating hormone-induced proliferation of granulosa cells from chicken prehierarchical follicles

The development of ovarian follicular cells is controlled by multiple circulating and local hormones and factors, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). In this study, the stage-specific effect of EGF on FSH-induced proliferation of granulosa cells was evaluated in the ovarian follicles of egg-laying chickens. Results showed that EGF and its receptor (EGFR) mRNAs displayed a high expression in granulosa cells from the prehierarchical follicles, including the large white follicle (LWF) and small yellow follicle (SYF), and thereafter the expression decreased markedly to the stage of the largest preovulatory follicle. SYF represents a turning point of EGF/EGFR mRNA expression during follicle selection. Subsequently the granulosa cells from SYF were cultured to reveal the mediation of EGF in FSH action. Cell proliferation was remarkably increased by treatment with either EGF or FSH (0.1–100 ng/ml). This result was confirmed by elevated proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression and decreased cell apoptosis. Furthermore, EGF-induced cell proliferation was accompanied by increased mRNA expressions of EGFR, FSH receptor, and the cell cycle-regulating genes (cyclins D1 and E1, cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 6) as well as decreased expression of luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA. However, the EGF or FSH-elicited effect was reversed by simultaneous treatment with an EGFR inhibitor AG1478. In conclusion, EGF and EGFR expressions manifested stage-specific changes during follicular development and EGF mediated FSH-induced cell proliferation and retarded cell differentiation in the prehierarchical follicles. These expressions thus stimulated follicular growth before selection in the egg-laying chicken.     

氯地酚和FSH对猕猴超数排卵的比较及其在兔输卵管内受精的研究

在不考虑月经周期的情况下连续灌喂氯地酚5天,每天50mg,第8天肌注hCG2000IU,对猕猴具有一定的卵泡超数发育作用,最多可使双侧卵巢共24个卵泡发育,最大卵泡直径5—6mm,但不同个体反应变化较大。FSH hCG超排方案(考虑或不考虑月经周期,连续肌注FSH6天,共80—90IU,第8天肌注hCG2500IU)比氯地酚效果较好,最多可使双侧卵巢共28个卵泡发育,卵泡最大直径10mm,另外在1只猕猴观察到5个卵泡破裂将卵排出。电刺激采得之猕猴精子经洗涤后与用以上两种超排方案以卵泡吸得之卵子一同输入兔输卵管进行受精,获得2个原核期受精卵和1个桑椹胚。     

Morphologic observation and classification criteria of atretic follicles in guinea pigs

There is a lack of appropriate classification criteria for the determination of atretic follicles in guinea pigs.In the present study,new criteria were established based on the latest morphologic criteria for cell death proposed by the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death(NCCD) in 2009.Ovaries of guinea pigs were sampled on different stages of estrous cycle,and the morphologic observations of atretic follicles were investigated in serial sections.The results showed that the process of follicular atresia cou...     

法式囊三肽囊素(bursin)在兔圆小囊、肠相关淋巴组织（蚓突）中免疫组化定位特征研究

The distribution of bursin in sacculus rotundus and gut-associated lymphoid tissues was investigated in rabbit. by immuno-histochemical staining method with anti-bursin monoclonal antibody(McAb)2F9o4.The results indicated that the appearance of the bursin-containing cells coincided with the morphodifferentiation and growth process in rabbit.Bursin immunized cells not only distributed in dome epithelium and mucosal epithelium,but also in follicular germinal center,dome, T-cell area,goblet cell,inter-epithelial lymphocyte and cap-zone of sacculus rotundus.This founding suggested that bursin- containing cells in sacculus rotundus might play an important role in intestinal mucosal immunity.     

Protective paracrine effect of mesenchymal stem cells on cardiomyocytes

Objective  The aim of this study was to test the protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on cardiomyocytes in vitro and to investigate the anti-apoptotic signaling pathway. Methods  MSCs from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were separated and cultured. MSC medium was collected from MSCs cultured in serum-free Dulbecco’s modified eagle medium (DMEM) under hypoxia. Cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal SD rats were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) and treated with MSC medium. The apoptotic cardiomyocytes were stained with Annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Hoechst 33342 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL). The mitochondrial transmembrane potential of cardiomyocytes was assessed using a fluorescence microscope. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cytochrome C, apoptosis-induced factor (AIF), and caspase-3 was tested by Western blot analysis. Results  Our data demonstrated that MSC medium reduced H/R-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis, increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and reduced the release of cytochrome C and AIF from mitochondria into the cytosol. Conclusion  MSCs protected the cardiomyocytes from H/R-induced apoptosis through a mitochondrial pathway in a paracrine manner. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30670868) and the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. R206007)     

Heat shock protein 90 protects rat mesenchymal stem cells against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways

Mesenchymal stem cell(MSC)transplantation has shown a therapeutic potential to repair the ischemic and infracted myocardium,but the effects are limited by the apoptosis and loss of donor cells in host cardiac microenvironment.The aim of this study is to explore the cytoprotection of heat shock protein 90(Hsp90)against hypoxia and serum deprivation-induced apoptosis and the possible mechanisms in rat MSCs.Cell viability was determined by3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Apoptosis was assessed by Hoechst 33258nuclear staining and flow cytometric analysis with annexin V/PI staining.The gene expression of Toll-like receptor-4(TLR-4)and V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog 2(ErbB2)was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3,Bcl-2,Bcl-xL,Bax,total-ERK,phospho-ERK,totaI-Akt,phospho-Akt,and Hsp90 were detected by Western blot.The production of nitric oxide was measured by spectrophotometric assay.Hsp90 improves MSC viability and protects MSCs against apoptosis induced by serum deprivation and hypoxia.The protective role of Hsp90 not only elevates Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax expression and attenuates cleaved caspase-3 expression via down-regulating membrane TLR-4 and ErbB2 receptors and then activating their downstream PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 pathways,but also enhances the paracrine effect of MSCs.These findings demonstrated a novel and effective treatment strategy against MSC apoptosis in cell transplantation.