The Effects of Work Intensity on Adolescent Mental Health, Achievement, and Behavioral Adjustment: New Evidence from a Prospective Study

This article examines the effects of work intensity on adolescent mental health, academic achievement, and behavioral adjustment. Questionnaire data were collected yearly from an initial panel of 1,000 randomly selected ninth graders (14-15 years old). Consistent with other studies, students who worked at higher intensity engaged in more alcohol use. The methodological strengths of this research (a representative panel studied prospectively over a 4-year period with minimal attrition and an analysis incorporating key control and lagged variables) provide strong evidence that adolescent work fosters alcohol use. The contention that work of high intensity has deleterious effects on mental health, academic achievement, and 2 other indicators of behavioral adjustment did not withstand our stringent tests. However, high school seniors who worked at moderate intensity (1-20 hours per week) had higher grades than both nonworkers and students who worked more hours per week.     

家庭与青少年心理健康教育的关系

青少年是处于心理从易变走向成熟、从自然人走向社会人的一类特殊群体,随着时代变迁和社会变革,一些复杂社会问题对青少年心理健康的影响日益突出。文章分析了新时代青少年心理问题产生的原因及其各种表现、家庭环境对于青少年心理健康发展的影响。在系统分析基础上,针对性地提出了如下强化家庭对青少年心理健康教育的举措:与时俱进、建立现代家教理念和方法;营造良好的家庭心理教育氛围;充分发挥家庭、学校、社会教育的合力。     

大学新生学业成绩与心理健康状况相关分析

目的:探讨大学新生学业成绩与心理健康状况之间的关系.方法:选取某二级本科院校2008级全体大学新生3310名,集中进行UPI和SCL-90测试,与其第一学年学业成绩进行相关分析.结果:大学新生中约两成学生心理异常,男女学生心理正常异常状态比例相当,理科学生心理健康状况弱于文科学生.大学新生学业成绩与心理健康状况之间的关系是:成绩越优秀的学生在UPI的精神病性、抑郁、神经症方面更容易出现问题,而成绩较差的学生在这几个方面的心理健康状况反而要好;而不同群体学业成绩与心理健康状况的相关性存在差异,不同专业新生间这种差异不显著,男女生之间和独生子女和非独生子女间在UPI的多项因子上差异显著.结论:2008级大学新生心理健康水平良好,学业成绩与心理健康状况之间存在显著相关,且不同群体相关性有差异,提示我们对大学新生要分群体有针对性地开展心理健康教育和学习辅导工作.     

Adolescent Gender-Role Identity and Mental Health: Gender Intensification Revisited

Gender intensification, an increased pressure for adolescents to conform to culturally sanctioned gender roles, has been posited as an explanation for the emergence of the gender difference in depression. This longitudinal study assessed whether 410 individuals became more stereotypical in their gender-role identity across adolescence and whether such patterns predicted depressive symptoms. Girls reported higher femininity than boys at ages 11, 13, and 15, but girls and boys did not differ in masculinity. Contrary to prevailing views, there was not evidence of intensification in femininity or masculinity. Positive trajectories in masculinity for both girls and boys predicted fewer depressive symptoms, particularly at moderate levels of stress. Findings suggest a need to reconceptualize gender intensification in ways that characterize contemporary adolescence.     

中学化学教学中渗透青少年心理健康教育

青少年心理健康发展在青少年成长阶段十分重要,学校教育中不应只关注学生的成绩,更多的关注重点应当放在学生的心理健康方面。化学作为理科中一门重要的学科,在教学过程中应渗透心理健康教育,以促进青少年的心理健康发展。     

高职生成就动机与心理健康的关系研究

采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）和成就动机量表（AMS）对245名高职生进行了问卷调查。首先针对人口学特征在成就动机上的得分进行比较,得出结论为：成就动机的某些维度在年级和是否独生子女上存在差异。然后,对成就动机与心理健康之间进行了相关和回归分析,得出的结论为：成就动机某些维度与心理健康的人际关系、抑郁等因子存在相关。人际关系与敌对因子对高职生成就动机的影响是具有预测性的。     

家庭功能视野下的青少年心理健康综述

家庭功能理论从系统的角度来研究家庭,强调家庭成员间的双向作用。其主要代表理论有两类：结果取向理论和过程取向理论。结合这两类理论对青少年心理健康进行考察,得出三个结论：家庭功能发挥得越良好,青少年的心理越健康;家庭功能中的＂沟通＂和＂角色＂因子对青少年心理健康有较大影响;家庭功能视野下的青少年心理健康存在性别和年级的差异。     

基于16PF山西省青少年心理健康问题研究

良好的心理素质是青少年学生健康成长的重要因素,本研究利用16PF对目标人群—山西省青少年的心理状况进行探索和汇总,在确定根源特质后,以团体心理辅导为手段进行心理干预,强化青少年心理健康教育,提高青少年心理素质,塑造青少年健全的人格。     

大学生成就目标、归因方式与心理健康的相关研究

成就目标和归因方式是近来心理学领域研究的热点问题,本研究以三亚、成都和杭州三个不同城市的三所大学共240名大学生为样本进行无记名问卷调查,以探究成就目标、归因方式与大学生心理健康的关系,希望对影响大学生心理健康的个人因素有更多了解.     

Locating Economic Risks for Adolescent Mental and Behavioral Health: Poverty and Affluence in Families,Neighborhoods, and Schools

Research has identified risks of both poverty and affluence for adolescents. This study sought to clarify associations between income and youth mental and behavioral health by delineating economic risks derived from family, neighborhood, and school contexts within a nationally representative sample of high school students (N = 13,179, average age 16). Attending schools with more affluent schoolmates was associated with heightened likelihoods of intoxication, drug use, and property crime, but youth at poorer schools reported greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, engagement in violence, and for male adolescents, more frequent violence and intoxication. Neighborhood and family income were far less predictive. Results suggest that adolescent health risks derive from both ends of the economic spectrum, and may be largely driven by school contexts.     

系统论视域下青少年心理健康服务体系的构建

从系统论视角审视青少年心理健康教育工作,具有顶层设计的整体性、内部架构的层次性、系统内外的开放性以及动态平衡性等特点.心理健康教育系统折射出当前存在参与思想政治教育大系统整体构成不足、分层分类心理危机管理系统不够健全、系统内部未形成教育合力等问题.为了建立科学实用的心理健康教育长效机制,提出"一二三四五"服务体系:让课堂成为心理健康教育的主阵地;线上与线下协同拓宽育人空间;凝聚学校、家庭、社会三方教育力量;紧抓四项工作重点,增强心理危机预防干预能力;采取五种教育措施,将育心与育德相结合.     

系统论视域下青少年心理健康服务体系的构建

从系统论视角审视青少年心理健康教育工作,具有顶层设计的整体性、内部架构的层次性、系统内外的开放性以及动态平衡性等特点.心理健康教育系统折射出当前存在参与思想政治教育大系统整体构成不足、分层分类心理危机管理系统不够健全、系统内部未形成教育合力等问题.为了建立科学实用的心理健康教育长效机制,提出"一二三四五"服务体系:让课堂成为心理健康教育的主阵地;线上与线下协同拓宽育人空间;凝聚学校、家庭、社会三方教育力量;紧抓四项工作重点,增强心理危机预防干预能力;采取五种教育措施,将育心与育德相结合.     

Within‐Family Relations in Objective Sleep Duration,Quality, and Schedule

The current study examined within‐family relations between mothers’, fathers’, and children's objectively assessed sleep. Participants were 163 children (M_age = 10.45 years; SD = 0.62) and their parents. For 7 nights, families wore actigraphs to assess sleep duration (minutes), quality (efficiency, long wake episode, total wake minutes), and schedule (wake time). A sleep log assessed bedtime. Multilevel models indicated that children's sleep minutes, sleep efficiency, wake minutes, and wake time were associated with fluctuations in their mothers’, but not fathers’, sleep that same night. The duration and quality of mothers’ sleep was associated with both fathers’ and children's sleep that night, whereas fathers’ sleep was positively associated with only mothers’ sleep. Findings highlight the importance of examining sleep within a family context.     

危机与转机:童年期虐待对青少年心理健康的影响及应对策略

童年期虐待是指对儿童具有抚养、监管和操纵权的人,对儿童做出的足以对其健康、生存、发展及尊严造成实际或潜在伤害的一系列行为。由于其发生率高,负面影响严重且持久,现已成为一个世界性的公共卫生问题。童年期虐待的发生受到儿童自身因素、父母和家庭因素以及社会文化因素的共同影响。作为一种极端负性的早期人际经历,童年期虐待是青少年内化(如焦虑/抑郁、退缩和躯体主诉)和外化(如攻击行为和违纪行为)心理健康问题最有力的预测因素之一。遭受虐待后个体通常会产生有关自我和他人的非适应性认知,Young的图式理论和相关研究揭示了非适应性认知在童年期虐待与青少年内外化心理健康问题之间所发挥的中介机制。有鉴于此,在应对青少年内外化心理健康问题时,亟需加强对童年期虐待问题的关注,具体可采取以下教育干预策略:一是防微杜渐,建立良好的亲子关系,减少童年期虐待的发生;二是亡羊补牢,深入挖掘保护性因素,提高青少年的心理韧性,构建积极的同伴关系;三是顶层设计,充分发挥文化软实力的作用,加强正确的社会舆论引导。     

辽宁省青少年运动员竞争性和获胜心的研究

为了解青少年运动员的竞争性和获胜心现状，为教练员更好的针对个别差异，因材施教，培养更优异的竞技体育人才提供参考。运用问卷词查和数理统计法，对他们的竞争性和获胜心进行分析。结果表明：辽宁省青少年运动员具有较高的体育成就取向，表现出强烈的竞争性和获胜心，且竞争性和获胜心在不同年龄、性别、项目和水平上表现出不同的差异。     

Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test,Stanford Achievement Test,and Three Demographic Variables as Predictors of Achievement in Grades 2 and 4

Abstract

A series of multivariate statistical analyses was used to determine what relationships exist among three demographic variables, the Otis-Lennon Mental Ability Test (OLMAT), and the Stanford Achievement Test (SA T) at Grades 2 and 4. Data were obtained from the second grade classes in 1977-78 (V = 91) and 1979-80 (V = 103), and from the 1979-80 fourth grade class (/V = 91) in a rural middle income school district in southeastern New Hampshire. The best predictor of achievement at either Grade 2 or Grade 4 was the IQ variable alone. The correlations among the SAT subtests led to questions concerning that test’s construct validity and its use for differential diagnosis of educational problems of children. Among the Grade 2 variables, the best predictor of achievement at Grade 4 was the SAT; IQ was a negligible factor. Detailed study of the correlations between the OLMAT and SAT did not support the continued use of the group IQ test as part of the district’s comprehensive testing program; the costs expended cannot be justified by the value of the information obtained.     

玩兴研究及其对心理健康教育的启示

＂玩兴＂,作为一个心理学新兴研究领域,近年来被学者广泛研究.＂玩兴＂与人的心理健康有着密切的关系,因此在心理健康教育过程中,应重视玩兴的引导和培养.本文对＂玩兴＂的研究作了简要的概述,之后理论联系实际地阐述了玩兴与心理健康之间的关系,从而针对当下心理健康教育环境的不足提出自己的建议.     

The Roles of Parental Support and Family Stress in Adolescent Sleep

The current study examines the association between parental support and adolescent sleep under varying levels of family stress. Participants included 316 adolescents (M_age = 16.40 years, 43% male) and their parents (M_age = 45.67 years, 91% mothers) from diverse ethnic backgrounds. Both adolescents and parents completed questionnaires and adolescents wore wrist actigraphs and completed self‐reports on their sleep for 7 consecutive days. Results indicated that under contexts of family stress, more parental support was linked to longer sleep duration, less sleep variability, and less time spent awake during the night. Findings suggest that under contexts of family stress, cohesive family relationships may provide a sense of stability and security that is necessary for healthful sleep.     

培养积极自我概念，促进心理健康

自我概念是人格心理学的核心,对人的心理健康的影响是直接的。文中阐述了自我概念的本质、自我概念与心理健康的关系;提出要客观地认识和接受自我,树立积极的自我概念,以促进个体心理健康发展。