Chinese economic development, rule of law, and the internet

The Internet and its World Wide Web (Web) have an important role to play in the economic development of China. The government of the People's Republic of China has declared its intention to open opportunities for foreign trade and investment in China. Part of the commitment is a commitment to rule of law. Rule of law acceptable to commercial interests requires transparency and decisional rationality. These two features can be realized most quickly by connecting legal institutions through the Internet's Web to bodies of international commercial law, thus creating a virtual library for Chinese legal decision makers, and using the Web as a quick and cheap electronic “printing press” for Chinese legal decision makers. As a result, their statutes, rules, and decisional law become available to commercial interests. But technology is not enough. Innovative cross-cultural exchange programs aimed at the legal, managerial, and Web-master professions will round out this rule of law support for commercial globalization.     

Africa Business and Economic Resource Index: Selected Internet Resources

SUMMARY

Increasingly, the global business community is viewing Sub-Saharan Africa as a continent of rich business, trade, and investment opportunities. A major challenge to political and business leaders is access to accurate and time-critical information on business, economic, political, and social developments in the Sub-Saharan African countries. This resource guide will provide an organized collection of major African business and economic information resources available via the Internet. Additionally, it includes an appended selection of information sources available in print format. The information originates from multiple Internet-based sources, including African commercial and government agencies, U.S. commercial and government agencies, and international organizations engaging in economic, business, and trade issues in the Sub-Saharan African countries.     

Collaborative Stewardship: Building a Shared,Central Collection of Print Legal Materials

Libraries are in an unprecedented period of change. The predominant publishing model is moving from print to digital. Libraries seek to strike the right balance between providing information that today's researcher needs just in time and preserving materials in print for tomorrow's researcher just in case. Legal resources present even greater challenges. This article will reflect how two organizations, the Legal Information Preservation Alliance (LIPA) and NELLCO, an international consortium of law libraries, are currently working together toward a collaborative solution.     

Computerized and networked government information

The previous column in this series focused on electronic dissemination from international intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) that are part of the United Nations system. This column will continue that international focus and examine electronic information dissemination from a number of other worldwide organizations. A future column will cover IGOs with regional mandates.     

Labor and Collective Bargaining Web Sites

Abstract

This chapter outlines key resources in the labor and collective bargaining fields. The author covers Web directories, Web sites of the U.S. government and international organizations, unions, academic institutions, professional organizations, and interest groups.     

国际文化关系中的图书馆

Libraries as a type of cultural institutions have sustained their role as bridges interrelating people of different nations and promoting mutual understanding of them. They also broaden the nation s influence in international affairs. The basic activities of them are of 2 ways: 1) The direct way of starting overseas library programs, and 2) Participation of libraries at home in projects of international cultural exchanges and co-operation. These activities are subject to various aspects of politics, technology and culture,especially the political one which serves directly the foreign policy of the government.This is also the library's main feature in international cultural realtions.International organizations play an important role in this field.     

利益相关者在科学数据开放共享中的责任与作用——基于国际组织科学数据开放共享政策的分析

[目的/意义]通过解析国际组织科学数据开放共享政策所定义的不同利益相关者的责任与作用来为完善我国《科学数据管理办法》和实施科学数据开放共享提供参考。[方法/过程]基于网络调查和文本分析，论述国际组织科学数据开放共享政策所定义的不同利益相关者在科学数据开放共享中的责任与作用。[结果/结论]国际组织科学数据开放共享政策定义了包括政府、研究人员、研究机构、研究资助机构、图书馆或档案馆、数据中心、出版商、专业协会或学会、用户、企业等在内的众多利益相关者及其在科学数据开放共享活动中所具有的不同的责任与作用。我国应该借鉴这些经验制定国内科学数据开放共享政策，进一步提升科学数据开放共享水平。     

图书馆数字化建设的著作权管理方案

论述我国图书馆数字化建设过程中存在的著作权问题和解决这一问题的重要意义。指出可通过以下途径解决著作权问题,包括:利用合理使用和有效利用法定许可制度与著作权集体管理组织签订著作权许可使用合同;与编辑出版者签订著作权许可使用合同;直接由著作权人授权;通过各类学会、协会等行业团体出面组织、代理有关著作权事宜等。     

国际法视域下档案利用的国家权利与义务

随着国际之间政治、经济和文化等方面的交流越来越广泛和密切,档案的作用也越来越凸显,无论是国际组织还是国家自身都开始加强档案信息资源的保护与利用。本文基于国际法视角探讨档案利用原则中的国家行为,深入分析档案自身的主权属性,在尊重国家主权原则的基础上对档案利用中所涉及的保密权、管辖权、继承权、追索权等国家权利及相关国家义务问题进行详细的分析和研究。     

Enforcing Copyright in the Book Publishing Industry in Ghana

A strong copyright regime is crucial for the development of local print publishing industry. However, piracy and other acts of copyright infringement are prevalent in the print publishing industry which denies creators and right owners from fully enjoying the reward of their labor and investment. This study therefore seeks to explore the acts of copyright infringement; enforcement provisions in the Copyright Act, 2005, 690 [10]; assess publishers and stakeholders understanding of these provisions and to identify the challenges in enforcing copyright in the Publishing Industry. The study adopted both questionnaires and interviews as research instruments. Seven institutions and organizations were interviewed, and questionnaires were administered to 43 individual companies within the book trade. The research subjects were sampled using the purposive and stratified sampling methods respectively. Findings from the study indicate that acts of copy infringement in the book publishing industry in Ghana have caused tremendous financial loss to the rights owners. Evident from the analysis are the difficulties associated with enforcing the law due to lack of awareness of the law by the right owners, and lack of awareness and expertise by enforcement agencies. The study recommends public awareness campaigns for the public and stakeholders in the industry. It is also important that training is given to law enforcement agencies and the support of stakeholders enlisted in enforcing the law.     

国际技术贸易格局演化规律研究——基于知识产权使用费数据分析视角

从全球视角出发,探究长时间尺度下国际技术贸易活动格局的演化规律。本研究选取1970—2019年50个主要国家/地区的知识产权使用费数据作为分析对象,利用重心模型、科学中心转移理论和复杂网络分析方法,分别从进口和出口两个角度分析国际技术贸易的地理重心迁移、中心国家转移以及网络结构演化等规律。研究结果显示,1970—2019年:(1)国际技术贸易进出口地理重心均稳定于北半球,并分别以0.56°(45.19 km)/年、1.52°(120.68 km)/年的速度向东迁移;进口重心一直位于出口重心东侧,但两者间距离在逐步缩小。(2)国际技术贸易进口中心的转移次序为德国→日本→美国→荷兰→爱尔兰;国际技术贸易出口中心一直是美国,未发生转移,但其占比在持续下降。(3)国际技术贸易活动愈加广泛和深化;国际技术贸易网络具有明显的"小世界"和"核心-边缘"结构特征;美国优势地位明显,具有最强的国际技术贸易获利能力;中国的网络地位近期快速提升,但国际技术贸易出口能力亟待提高。     

Flowing Networks in the Entertainment Business: Organizing International TV Format Trade

Little is known about entertainment acquisition and production, especially the international format trade, although its worldwide market volume adds up to about 2.4 billion. Format trade is a process along the stages of creating, distributing, producing or reproducing, and broadcasting entertainment programs. Findings of a current empirical research project conducted by means of in-person interviews with managers in Germany and the United Kingdom reveal a phenomenon by which the particular organizations involved (creators, distributors, producers, and broadcast stations) establish structures that are called “flowing organizational networks.” Depending on situational requirements and the respective stages of the format trade process, actors tend to activate different organizational structures.     

Web Mirror Sites

SUMMARY

Libraries can play a key role in ensuring permanent access to primary legal information, both domestic and international. Web mirror sites present a particularly efficient and cost-effective way to collect, disseminate, preserve, and ensure accessibility to information far into the future. Through partnerships with the issuing governments and organizations, databases of official information can be loaded on a local server, updated directly from the issuing site, and captured at regular intervals to get a snapshot of the status of legal instruments as of a certain date. The result is similar to adding the various editions of a print book. The Cornell Law Library has recently made freely available two Web mirror sites for researchers and the public. These are the ILO (International Labour Organization) and the ICJ (International Court of Justice) mirror sites. The Law Library is archiving these sites every six months, thereby providing access to previous versions of a treaty article, or other information that was superseded, or amended. The many additional advantages of creating these partnerships with domestic and international institutions are discussed, as well as the process used to create the mirror sites, and maintaining them. The article ends with a proposal for collaboration among libraries to create the research library of the future. The preservation of digital law is a critical issue because information is disappearing. Libraries have a role to play because it is part of their fundamental mission to preserve information for future researchers.     

我国科学数据管理平台建设成就、缺失、对策及趋势分析——基于国内外比较视角

[目的/意义]我国科学数据管理平台已经取得了一些成就,但是与国外对比还存在一些差距。拟通过纵向时间轨迹和横向国内外对比对我国科学数据管理平台发展现状进行把脉和定位,同时为国内平台的优化提供国际经验和对策。[方法/过程]采用网络调查手段,从纵向时间轨迹和横向国内外对比两个视角进行研究:通过纵向时间轨迹分析我国科学数据管理平台取得的成就,通过横向对比分析存在的问题。[结果/结论]①成就:相关政策体系不断完善;数据集覆盖的学科领域日渐增多;数据管理平台建设的国际化发展已初见成效。②缺失:资金来源单一;平台服务功能不全面;部分平台缺乏合作建设理念;高校图书馆参与较少等。③对策:建立多元化的资金投入机制;建立数据管理价值链;加强异质机构之间的合作;拓展平台服务方式;高校图书馆应成为数据管理的重要力量。④发展趋势:科学数据管理平台建设将会成为科研信息服务机构的一项重要工作;科学数据管理机构和人员数量会不断扩大;通过建立科学数据管理平台联盟和实力雄厚的科学数据中心来提升科学管理的规模与国际竞争实力。     

The National Forum on Information Literacy,Inc. http://infolit.org

The purpose of this column is to highlight information literacy activities that are occurring in organizations and institutions outside of libraries. Academic libraries have done much to advance information literacy in postsecondary institutions. Yet, much activity is also occurring outside of academic libraries in relation to information literacy. This column will feature some of those organizations and activities so that academic librarians may share information with them and develop new partnerships that will further advance the goals of information literacy.     

Another Bridge Across the Access to Justice Gap: LII's Virtual Reference Desk

The Legal Information Institute (LII) has been at the forefront of access to justice for 25 years as the first organization to publish online the United States Code. More than just publishing the law online, the LII has been the leader in helping people find and understand the law since 1992, through innovative technologies they've created or employed for use with their collections and through partnerships with other like-minded organizations, groups, and individuals. Two decades later, the LII was inspired to help more people trying to find and understand the law. This summer will mark the third anniversary of the LII's virtual Reference Desk.     

中英美出版产业国际竞争力的演进比较

通过对中美英的国际贸易规模、结构、国际竞争力指标等多方面的统计分析,发现经过10年的高速发展,中国传媒类产品的国际竞争力已超越英美,但竞争优势在缩小;中国传媒类服务的国际竞争力与英美等国差距巨大;英美传媒产业数据表明传媒产业的服务化已成为国际趋势;美国在核心传媒服务——版税和许可费服务方面专业化程度高,在国际上具有垄断性优势。     

Internet四川节点的网络环境

四川省科技情报所近期通过Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ服务节点，在四川省内建成了一种信息高速公路环境。本文就四川省Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ服务节点硬件环境、软件环境和连入Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的方法等做简要介绍。     

科学数据与科研档案的管理协同：调查与思考

[目的/意义] 立足国家科技信息资源管理的整体效益,以增强国家科技信息资源综合治理能力为目标,调查科学数据与科研档案管理协同的发展现状,探索相关推进策略。[方法/过程] 综合运用实地调查法、网络调查法、文献研究法、比较研究法和行动研究法,收集中、美、英、澳4个国家的科技主管部门、档案主管部门、科研资助机构、科研机构、科学数据管理机构、档案机构及相关国际组织的相关政策文本和实践材料,展开内容分析和后续研究。[结果/结论] 在政策层面,科学数据管理政策中与档案相关的规定集中体现在将档案馆视作存储基础设施及将归档视为科学数据管理活动;科研档案管理政策中与科学数据相关的规定集中体现在承认科学数据的档案属性,并将其纳入归档范围;科研资助机构的政策要求明确科学数据的归档和保存问题。在实践层面,国外在组织、政策、业务、服务等方面形成相对丰富的协同实践,国内的协同实践则刚刚起步。最后,从体制机制、政策体系、协作模式、业务融合、服务支撑、人才培养等方面提出推进管理协同的发展建议。     

Patients' rights on the World Wide Web

Managed care reform, commonly referred to as "patients' rights" legislation, has become a hot topic. Many groups, including consumers, health care professionals, employers, managed care organizations, political parties, and government agencies, have strong opinions about measures that should be taken and what the outcomes of these measures might be. Those investigating this multidisciplinary topic will want to examine health care administration, ethics, health services research, and political science sources. Web resources covered in this article include: clearinghouses; government agencies; federal legislative and legal sites; and home pages of professional and trade associations, policy research institutes, and consumer advocacy organizations.