孕妇不能养猫

猫漂亮、温驯,是可爱的动物,许多人将其当作宠物。然而,孕妇应远离猫。猫的肠道里有弓形虫,它随猫的粪便排出,污染食物、水及餐具。如果人吃了被弓形虫污染的食物,就会患上弓形虫病,出现高烧、淋巴结肿大、肌肉关节疼痛等症状,严重的还会引起脑炎和失明。孕妇如果感染上这种病,不但影响自己的健康,还会危害到胎儿的健康。有些患了弓形虫病将的孕妇会流产或生下死胎,而有些孕妇体内的弓形虫会通过受损的胎盘进入胎儿的体内,破坏胎儿的神经系统,使胎儿出现脑积水、小头症、视力发育障碍等异常。因此,孕妇一定要远离猫,切忌与猫同床睡觉和玩耍…     

用间接血凝试验(IHA)诊断鸡弓形虫病

弓形虫病是一种人和动物共患的寄生虫病,它对人和畜禽危害很大,影响人的身体健康,导致畜禽发病、死亡,给养殖业造成严重的经济损失。诊断弓形虫的实验室方法很多,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)方法,可及时诊断、有效控制弓形虫病。     

弓形虫感染小鼠尿液中弓形虫循环抗原的检测

目的：探索弓形虫感染早期诊断的快速简便方法。方法：用快速ELISA检测弓形虫轻度、中度和重度感染小鼠尿中弓形虫循环抗原（TCA）。结果：在轻、中、重3个感染组鼠尿中均检出TCA。结论：快速ELISA是一种特异、敏感的弓形虫循环抗原检测方法,可用于弓形虫感染的早期诊断。     

精神分裂症患者弓形虫感染的血清学调查

目的 :了解张家口地区精神分裂症患者弓形虫感染状况 ,探讨弓形虫感染与精神分裂症之间的关系。方法 :采用间接红细胞凝集试验对 2 2 2例住院精神分裂症患者及 78例健康体检者进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果 :张家口地区精神分裂症患者弓形虫抗体阳性率为 7.6 6 % ,健康体检者为 1.2 8% ,两者之间差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :本地区精神分裂症患者弓形虫抗体阳性率高于健康人群。提示临床医务工作者应加强对弓形虫病的认识 ,重视精神病患者的弓形虫感染情况 ,对门诊和住院病人进行常规弓形虫检测。     

癫痫与弓形虫感染的关系研究

目的探讨癫痫发病与弓形虫感染的关系。方法用ELISA法检测癫痫患者(患者组)28例和健康人(对照组)46例的血清弓形虫IgG、IgM抗体及循环抗原(CAg),阳性者为弓形虫感染。结果患者组弓形虫感染率为21.43%,其中1例儿童患者IgG和IgM抗体双阳性;对照组仅检出IgG抗体,感染率为26.09%,两组中CAg均未检出。两组感染率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论癫痫的发病与弓形虫感染的关系不大,但少数癫痫患者需排除弓形虫脑病。     

山西省大同市男性不育患者弓形虫感染情况调查

目的：探讨男性不育患者弓形虫（TOX）感染的状况及感染后对男性生殖功能的影响。方法：用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测男性不育患者血中弓形虫循环抗原（CAg），IgG及IgM抗体。结果：100例男性不育患者血清中CAg阳性者13例（13％），TOX—IgM阳性者16例（16％）；而100例生殖功能正常的男性血清中CAg阳性者仅为1例（1％），TOX—IgM阳性者3例（3％）；两者间差异非常显著（P〈0．01）。两者TOX-IgG阳性者均为7例（7％）。结论：TOX急性（早期）感染可能会影响男性生育能力，并导致男性不育。因此，男性也应注意避免感染弓形虫，防止导致不育的情况发生。     

儿童铅中毒与人口素质

胎儿出生前就受到母体铅的危害。 儿童是受铅危害最严重的群体，铅造成的智力缺陷是潜在的，迟发的，它将影响整个民族的 智商。 铅的来源和环境污染 铅是一种古老的金属元素，所谓古老是因为它早在几千年前就被人类冶炼和使用。在古代， 它被当作药物治疗疾病，贵夫人的化妆品中含有大量的铅，贵族高档的酒具材料中也含有大 量的铅。这使得当时贵族阶层中发生可怕的铅中毒，甚至影响到王朝的不稳定。     

张家口地区住院病人弓形虫抗体调查

目的:了解张家口地区医院病人弓形虫感染情况,为临床提供一定的参考资料。方法:采用间接红细胞凝集试验对583例住院病人进行弓形虫抗体检测。结果:张家口地区医院病人弓形虫抗体阳性率10.12％。其中男性11.01％,女性9.06％,不同类型疾病弓形虫抗体阳性率明显不同,以系统性红斑狼疮、肿瘤患者较高,分别为27.27％,16.92％。结论:张家口地区医院病人弓形虫抗体阳性率(10.12％)高于全国正常人群弓形虫抗体阳性率(5.17％),不同类型疾病间阳性率明显不同,其中以系统性红斑狼疮、肿瘤患者较高。提示来医院就诊病人中可能有弓形虫病患者,免疫功能低下或受抑制患者易感染弓形虫病。     

孕期问与答

正妊娠高血压对胎儿有哪些危害?Q我现在怀孕7个多月了,25周产检时血压比正常值高一点,回家后我也没太在意,这次29周产检时,血压数值150/90,请问妊娠高血压对胎儿会有哪些危害?我要怎样去做?A妊娠高血压是妊娠期特有的并发症,这种情况多发生在妊娠20周后,孕妈妈的发生率在5%~12%。孕妈妈血压升高达到或超过140/90毫米汞柱,可伴有尿蛋白,严重时血压可以超过160/110毫米汞柱,蛋白大量排出,对母体可以造成全身各重要脏器功能的损害,严重可以发生抽搐、心衰,出现少尿现象。妊娠高血压还容易引起宫内的胎儿慢性缺氧和缺血、营     

网络安全中的防火墙刍议

计算机病毒是一组通过复制自身来感染其它软件的程序。当程序运行时,嵌人的病毒也随之运行并感染其它程序。一些病毒不带有恶意攻击性编码,但更多的病毒携带毒码,一旦被事先设定好的环境激发,即可感染和破坏,对单机和网络造成严重的危害。其主要危害有：病毒激发对计算机数据信息的直接破坏;占用磁盘空间和对信息的破坏;抢占系统资源;影响计算机运行速度;计算机病毒错误与不可预见的危害;计算机病毒的兼容性对系统运行的影响;计算机病毒给用户造成的严重心理压力。因此,我们有必要采取一定的措施来防治这种危害。防火墙则正是为了防治这种危害而产生的。     

幼儿各阶段绘画能力的培养与研究

幼儿学习绘画的出发点,应建立在有利于其身心健康发展的基础上,以培养幼儿的观察力、想象力、对美的感受力和表现美的能力,让幼儿发挥想象力,学会运用笔及色彩表现自己的情感世界。     

试谈幼儿心理健康的维护

幼儿期是人生中的一个特殊时期，由于这一时期，一切因素都在发展中，幼儿不仅需要大量的物质营养作为身体成长发育的动力，而且更需要有一个健康的心理，这需要家庭、托幼机构、社会共同来维护。     

Developmental Outcome of Minority Infants: A Process-oriented Look into Our Beginnings

This article reviews the literature on the development of children of minority status from birth to 3 years of age (infants). 5 major sources of influence on the developmental outcome of minority infants are proposed: cultural beliefs and caregiving practices, health status and health care practices, family structure and characteristics, socioeconomic factors, and biological factors. It is suggested that differences exist between minority and Anglo families in their developmental goals and interactions during the infancy period. The health status of some minority groups places these infants in an at-risk category for neurodevelopmental problems. The family context is characterized by younger mothers, a higher percentage of single heads of households, but also large, extended families. Socioeconomic factors have a pervasive influence on both infants and parents, and the contribution of biological factors is suggested but poorly understood. It is concluded that these factors act synergistically to place these infants in alternative (not necessarily deviant) developmental pathways, or in "at-risk" categories for neurodevelopmental problems, while canalization processes are operating to insure that major developmental milestones are achieved.     

Depression and Anxiety in the Postnatal Period: An Examination of Infants’ Home Language Environment,Vocalizations, and Expressive Language Abilities

This longitudinal study investigated the effects of maternal emotional health concerns, on infants’ home language environment, vocalization quantity, and expressive language skills. Mothers and their infants (at 6 and 12 months; 21 mothers with depression and or anxiety and 21 controls) provided day-long home-language recordings. Compared with controls, risk group recordings contained fewer mother–infant conversational turns and infant vocalizations, but daily number of adult word counts showed no group difference. Furthermore, conversational turns and infant vocalizations were stronger predictors of infants’ 18-month vocabulary size than depression and anxiety measures. However, anxiety levels moderated the effect of conversational turns on vocabulary size. These results suggest that variability in mothers’ emotional health influences infants’ language environment and later language ability.     

Day care homes can foster children's health

Conclusion Because so many infants and young children are cared for in family day care homes, these can play a very important role in the promotion of children's health. Parents and family day care home caregivers should work closely to provide adequate child health supervision, emergency care, nutrition education, mental health services, and sick care services. Further documentation of the health-service needs in this area would be useful in indicating where in-service training and health education for parents and caregivers should be concentrated. Health professionals from both private and public agencies should begin to direct their efforts on behalf of the many children who are cared for in family day care homes and to utilize these as resources for health promotion and disease prevention.     

Web Sites that Address Prematurity

Families of preterm infants need a tremendous amount of support. This resource column highlights several Web sites that may be useful to health care providers and childbirth educators, as well as to parents of premature infants and their families.     

Caregiver instability and early life changes among infants reported to the child welfare system

This study describes the extent of caregiver instability (defined as a new placement for 1 week or longer in a different household and/or with a new caregiver) in a nationally representative sample of infants, followed for 5–7 years. Data were drawn from the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (NSCAW), a longitudinal study of 5,501 children investigated for child maltreatment. The analysis sample was restricted to 1,196 infants. Overall, 85.6% of children who were infants at the time of the index maltreatment experienced at least one caregiver instability event during their first 2 years of life. Caregiver instability was associated with the child having a chronic health condition and the caregiver being older than 40 years of age at baseline. The levels of instability reported in this study from infancy to school entry are extremely high. Children with more risk factors were significantly more likely to experience caregiver instability than children with fewer risk factors. The repeated loss of a young child's primary caregiver or unavailable, neglectful care can be experienced as traumatic. Some evidence-based programs that are designed to work with young maltreated children can make a substantial positive difference in the lives of vulnerable infants.     

Trauma symptoms among infants exposed to intimate partner violence

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether infants have a traumatic response to intimate partner violence (male violence toward their female partner; IPV) experienced by their mothers, two questions were explored: (1) Is the number of infant trauma symptoms related to the infant's temperament and the mother's mental health? (2) Does severity of violence moderate those relationships? METHODOLOGY: Forty-eight mothers reported whether their 1-year-old infants experienced trauma symptoms as a result of witnessing episodes of IPV during their first year of life. Mothers also reported on their own trauma symptoms that resulted from experiences of IPV. RESULTS: For those infants experiencing severe IPV and whose mothers exhibit trauma symptoms, we were able to predict whether infants exhibited trauma symptoms (b = .53, p < .01). This was not true for children who witnessed less severe IPV (b= -.14, ns). Maternal depressive symptoms and difficult infant temperament did not predict infant trauma symptoms for either group of infants. CONCLUSION: Mothers report that infants as young as 1-year-old can experience trauma symptoms as a result of hearing or witnessing IPV. The significant relationship between infant and maternal trauma symptoms, especially among those infants experiencing severe IPV, are consistent with the theory of relational PTSD. Findings suggest that interventions for mothers and families need to consider the influence of the severity of IPV on very young children.