小学科学教师科学素养的调查与研究

通过对粤西某市37所城乡小学的科学教师问卷调查研究,结果表明:小学科学教师科学素养水平普遍较低,在科学方法和科学理解能力两方面都存在着严重不足;市区、县城与农村小学的科学教师的科学素养水平在整体上存在着明显的差异性;任教科学课的理科教师少,但科学素养水平比文科教师的明显偏高;专职教师少且科学素养水平比兼职教师的低,但差异不明显。     

高中生科学素养的性别差异——基于无条件分位数回归的经验研究

科学教育历来受到各国的广泛重视,科学素养研究也成为基础教育研究的焦点之一,其中不乏关于科学素养与性别关系的讨论,但既有文献都侧重于研究性别对科学素养的影响,没有讨论不同能力水平上的性别差异。本文利用无条件分住数回归模型在这方面进行了有益探索。研究发现,高中男生在科学素养总分、科学解释现象和运用科学证据的能力上都显著强于女生,且这种优势在中等能力水平处(50分位)较为明显;在识别科学问题能力上,男女生没有显著性差异,且高能力水平(75分位以上)女生更具有优势。因此,在科学教育中应该渗透性别发展均衡的理念,注重通过干预非认知因素(科学价值观和科学兴趣等)提升女生的科学素养。     

高师生志向水平与学业满意度的关系研究

文章研究高师生志向水平与学业满意度之间的关系,试图建构两者之间的相互影响的理论模型图.结果表明高师生志向水平除出生类别外不存在显著的人口变量差异,不同志向类型高师生的学业满意度差异显著,志向水平与学业满意度之间存在显著的正相关关系.     

小学教师科学素养有待提高——北京市小学教师科学素养现状调查报告

科学素养是科学文化素质中的组成部分,它的界定和内涵目前尚无统一、固定的认识。小学教师科学素养的具备程度直接影响到能否培养出符合时代需要的人才。通过对北京部分地区小学教师科学素养的调查发现,大学本科及本科以上学历（尤其理工类）教师和青年教师（18～30岁年龄段）整体科学素养较高,艺术类、体育教师科学素养较低,多数教师科学精神、科学态度有待提高,有约一半的教师科研能力不高,有三分之一的教师对科学方法和过程的理解水平不高。建议改革现行继续教育的内容、手段,选派科学素养较高的教师担任活动类课的教学。     

高等师范院校学生情绪认知调节策略研究

研究采用修订后认知情绪调节问卷（CognitiveEmotionRegulationQuestionnaire,CER．Q）对712名在校师范专业学生进行测验。结果表明：1高师生更倾向于使用内控型积极情绪调节策略（如积极重评、调整计划等）;2高师生只在自我安慰维度存在性别差异,女生使用更多自我安慰;3大一学生使用更多调整计划策略,大二大三学生则使用更多的灾难化与责怪他人策略;4不同专业的高师生在调整计划、积极重评和灾难化等雏度使用上存在显著差异。结论：高师生整体使用较为积极的适应性认知情绪调节策略,但需积极关注个别群体的情绪调节方式和心理健康水平。     

普通高师院校大学生科学素养和对科学技术态度的调查与分析

通过对山西师范大学的大三学生科学素养发展状况的调查发现:高师院校大学生科学素养水平明显高于社会平均水平,但存在高新科学技术知识了解较少、科学精神的理解和科学方法的掌握不足、伪科学及封建迷信活动的分析判断能力不强等缺陷。而培养高师大学生科学素养,一要重视科学技术基础知识的传授;二要加强科学方法教育;三要提高科学研究能力,鼓励学生参与科研实践;四要营造良好的科学教育环境。     

杭州市小学科学教师的现状调查与研究

在建设公民科学素养和深化科学教育改革的背景下,本研究对杭州市小学科学教师和小学生科学素养的现状进行了调查和分析,对两者之间的相关性进行了研究。小学科学教师科学素养总体水平偏低,小学生科学素养水平处于中等,小学科学教师科学素养与学生科学素养之间存在着中度正相关,提高小学科学教师的科学素养是提高小学生科学素养的关键。     

提高学生的科学素养,关键在教师

教师的科学素养与学生的科学素养之间存在着十分密切的关系,在一般情况下,教师的科学素养水平会直接决定学生的科学素养水平,以至影响到学生对科学的兴趣和向往,甚至影响到科学人才的培养。     

杭州市小学生科学素养城乡差异的比较与分析

基于深化科学教育改革和统筹城乡发展的思考,本研究对杭州市小学生科学素养的城乡差异现状进行了调查.结果表明:杭州市城乡小学生科学素养之间存在极显著差异,城区小学生显著优于乡镇小学生.     

大学生科学素养和对科学技术态度的调查与分析

通过对部分高校大学生科学素养发展状况的调查发现,大学生科学素养水平明显高于社会平均水平,但存在高新科学技术知识了解较少、科学精神的理解和科学方法的掌握不足、伪科学及封建迷信活动的分析判断能力不强等缺陷.培养大学生科学素养,要重视科学技术基础知识的传授,加强科学方法教育,提高科学研究能力,鼓励学生参与科研实践,要营造良好的科学教育环境.     

BANGLADESHI SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES OF SCIENTIFIC LITERACY AND TEACHING PRACTICES

In line with a current global trend, junior secondary science education in Bangladesh aims to provide science education for all students to enable them to use their science learning in everyday life. This aim is consistent with the call for scientific literacy, which argues for engaging students with science in everyday life. This paper illustrates Bangladeshi science teachers’ perspectives of scientific literacy along with their views on teaching practices. Participating teachers held a range of perspectives of scientific literacy, including some naive perspectives. The paper also reports that whilst teachers’ verbalised practices in relation to their emphasis on engaging students with science in everyday life follows the emphases as required in teaching for promoting scientific literacy, their assessment practices may not be useful to promote it. The discussion explores the meaning of these findings and provides implications for school science educational practice in Bangladesh.     

试论中国科学教育的发展路径——基于科学文化视角

科学文化是科学教育的灵魂,当代中国的科学教育必须确立传承科学文化的基本价值取向。为此,就要丰富科学教育的科学文化内涵,开展科学文化素质教育,以传递科学的理性和实证精神,凸显科学的人文价值,强调科学的怀疑和批判精神。开展科学文化素质教育的基本途径是构建基于科学文化的科学教育体系,即重新定位科学教育目标,追求多元化的科学文化素养;丰富科学课程的科学文化内涵,构建融入式HPS课程体系;提升课堂教学的科学文化品位,注重建构与对话的学习方式。     

Questioning the evidence for a claim in a socio‐scientific issue: an aspect of scientific literacy

Understanding the science in a ‘socio‐scientific issue’ is at the heart of the varied definitions of ‘scientific literacy’. Many consider that understanding evidence is necessary to participate in decision making and to challenge the science that affects people’s lives. A model is described that links practical work, argumentation and scientific literacy which is used as the basis of this research. If students are explicitly taught about evidence does this transfer to students asking questions in the context of a local socio‐scientific issue? What do they ask questions about? Sixty‐five primary teacher training students were given the pre‐test, before being taught the ‘concepts of evidence’ and applying them in an open‐ended investigation and were tested again 15 weeks later. Data were coded using Toulmin’s argument pattern (TAP) and the ‘concepts of evidence’. After the intervention it was found that, in relation to a socio‐scientific issue, they raised significantly more questions specifically about the evidence that lead to the scientists’ claims although questions explicitly targeting the quality of the data were still rare. This has implications for curricula that aim for scientific literacy.     

Whose Literacy? Discursive constructions of life and objectivity

Drawing from literature in the social studies of science, this paper historicizes two pivotal concepts in science literacy: the definition of life and the assumption of objectivity. In this paper we suggest that an understanding of the historical, discursive production of scientific knowledge affects the meaning of scientific literacy in at least three ways. First, a discursive study of scientific knowledge has the epistemological consequence of avoiding the selective perception that occurs when facts are abstracted from the historical conditions of their emergence. Second, a discursive approach to scientific knowledge can also be an example of science‐as‐exploration. Third, literacy and discourse studies contribute insights that alter assumptions about pedagogical appropriateness in science education. The paper concludes by suggesting that when science literacy includes the historical production of scientific knowledge, it can thereby extend the possibilities for what can be thought, studied and imagined in the name of science education.     

In the maw of the Ouroboros: an analysis of scientific literacy and democracy

This paper explores the concept of scientific literacy through its relation to democracy and citizenship. Scientific literacy has received international attention in the twenty-first century as demonstrated by the Programme for International Student Assessment survey of 2006. It is no longer just a concept but has become a stated and testable outcome in the science education research community. This paper problematizes the ‘marriage’ between scientific literacy and democracy, particularly the idea that scientific literacy is a presupposed necessity to proper citizenship and awareness of the role of science in modern society. A perusal of the science education literature can provide a history of scientific literacy, as it exists as a research category. Through Gilles Deleuze’s notion of the Dogmatic Image of Thought and its relation to a Spinozist understanding of individuation/Becoming, it is argued that scientific literacy is not a recent invention and is problematic in its relation to democracy. This article is thus intended to act more as vehicle to move, stimulate and dramatize thought and potentially reconceptualise scientific literacy, than a comprehensive historical analysis. The concept of scientific literacy has undergone specific transformations in the last two centuries and has been enacted in different manifestations throughout modernity. Here the analysis draws upon Deleuze’s reading of Michel Foucault and the notion of the Diagram related to Foucault’s oeuvre, and is specifically using Foucault’s notion of rationalities as actualized threads or clusters of discourse. The obvious link between science and democracy is an effect of specific rationalities within the epistemological field of science, rather than intrinsic, essential characteristics of science or scientific literacy. There is nothing intrinsic in its function for democracy. Through a case study of the work of Charles W. Eliot and Herbert Spencer and the modern enactment of scientific literacy in contemporary science education, this paper shows the cultural and historical contingencies on which the relation between scientific literacy and democracy has been constructed through a rationality this article calls the Man of Science. The mythical Ouroboros will be used as a Fresh Image of Thought to explore the movements and folds within the discursive formation of Scientific Literacy, the rationality of the Man of Science, and their relation to democracy.     

体现科学本质的科学教学

理解科学本质是科学素养的内涵之一,是实现提高科学素养的科学教育目标的关键因素。现代科学本质观对科学知识、科学探究和科学事业进行了新的诠释。根据现代科学本质观,发展科学本质观下的科学教学理念,构建科学教育的三维目标,形成融入科学本质的科学教学策略,提升学生的科学本质观。     

Slash Writers and Guinea Pigs as Models for a Scientific Multiliteracy

This paper explores alternative approaches to the conception of scientific literacy, drawing on cultural studies and emerging practices in language arts as its framework. The paper reviews historic tensions in the understanding of scientific literacy and then draws on the multiliteracies movement in language arts to suggest a scientific multiliteracy. This is explored through analyzing the writing practices of groups other than scientists who for a variety of reasons must engage science. Specifically the paper examines zine writers who are ‘professional’ human research subjects, i.e. derive a part of their annual income by signing up for psychological and medical experiments, and science fiction fans, who produce their own texts in response to the narratives they love. The paper argues that these literacy practices add to traditional notions of scientific literacy possibilities of history, fiction, critique, as well as more traditional empiricism embraced by national standards. The paper concludes by considering the ambivalence towards science in both of these popular scientific literacy communities’ writings, arguing that what multiliteracies offers is a possibility of a more nuanced, more appropriately ambivalent, and more politically and ethically engaged subject of science than offered by the current version of literacy dominating science educational discourse.     

How Relevant Is R.S. Peters’ Conception of Education to Science Education?

This paper discusses R.S. Peters’ concept of education, particularly his notion of cognitive perspective and its relevance to school science education. In light of the problems inherent in any attempt to define the notion of scientific literacy, it is argued that the development of cognitive perspective can be considered an important, if not the ultimate, goal of school science education. Such a goal not only provides an alternative way to view the development of scientific literacy, but it also points to a conception of scientific literacy that is neither too narrow nor too broad. In view of recent reform efforts that promote a utilitarian and instrumentalist conception of school science education, Peters’ notion of cognitive perspective can provide food for thought for all those interested in a science education that educates students in science by helping them understand the personal and the wider significance of scientific knowledge. Such a conception of school science education is in line with the view that education and learning should make students change their outlook on the world. In addition, such a conception can enrich the ongoing dialogue on scientific literacy as the primary goal of school science education.     

以科学素养为视角的“正式课程”分析模型

科学素养是当代科学教育的中心概念。科学素养理念在理科课程标准和教科书的落实情况是学术界关注的热点。通过相关文献的回顾,笔者整理出当下以科学素养为视角对"正式课程"分析的两种理论模型:"课程重点"和"课程平衡"。本文对两种理论模型及相关的实证研究进行了介绍、评述与比较,希望为我国科学教育工作者研究理科课程标准和教科书提供参考与借鉴。     

科学史融入小学课程的研究

科学史是培养小学生科学素养的主要学习资源。小学阶段科学素养的培养不仅仅限于“科学”课程。科学史融入小学课程要避免非科学的简化史,注重体验,让历史动起来,重视技术史的学习。教师要做好科学素养、教学能力和心理学测评方法等方面的准备。