Multiculturalism,Diversity, and Social Advocacy: A 17‐Year Content Analysis of Counselor Education and Supervision

The authors summarized (a) data regarding multiculturalism, diversity, and social advocacy represented in Counselor Education and Supervision (CES) over a 17‐year period (1989–2005, Volumes 28–45); (b) type of articles (i.e., research vs. theory) represented; (c) research methodology and applications used; (d) journal editor and related terms; (e) primary contributors and related institutional affiliations; and (f) the breadth and scope of the data regarding key topics represented. Seventy‐eight articles met inclusion criteria. Data indicate the extent to which multiculturalism, diversity, and social advocacy were represented in CES.     

Institutional Affiliations and Graduate School Origins of Editors and Editorial Board Members of Counselor Education and Supervision

Institutional affiliations and graduate school origins of current and past editors and editorial board members of Counselor Education and Supervision (CES) were investigated.     

Broadening the Focus of CES

In my application letter seeking the Counselor Education and Supervision editorship, one direction I encouraged was the following: With declining interdivisional memberships in AACD, I'd encourage CES to be the forum for discussing teaching techniques, be they for career, group, mental health, or supervision of these types of counseling.     

Contributions to Counselor Education and Supervision for Volumes 0–25, 1961–1986

There have been 1,141 authors representing 382 agencies who have contributed to Volumes 0 through 25 of CES. In this study the authors report and acknowledge the major individual contributors and institutional sources of works published in the journal.     

Counselor Education and Supervision: 21 Years and a Few Surprises

In 21 years, CES has appeared 87 times, has had 7 editors, and has had 85 pople serving on the editorial board. A total of 1, 103 articles on various topics has appeared, including 983 substantive articles, authored by 997 people alone or as multiple authors. Topical changes are analyzed and discussed, along with changes in authorship and some related trends. Comparisons are made with other journals for which similar analyses have been done.     

The growth and crisis of Italian higher education during the 1960s and 1970s

The expansion of the Italian university system in the 1960s and 1970s is described with particular reference to the laws of 1961 and 1969 which liberalized access. The effects of these reforms are discussed and it is argued that despite the expansion the system remains an élite system. Admission to prestigious faculties and failure rates are correlated with social class to show that selection by failure within the university may to some extent have replaced selection at entry as a way of maintaining an élite system. Despite the increase in wastage there is a growing mismatch between the demand for and supply of graduate labour and this has given rise to social tensions.     

Changing the Subject: English in London, 1945–1967

Two recent books, English Teachers in a Postwar Democracy: Emerging Choice in London Schools, 1945–1965 and The London Association for the Teaching of English, 1947–67: A History, explore an important period in the development of English as a school subject and in the remaking of the professional identity of English teachers in London.     

Emotional Over- and Undereating in Children: A Longitudinal Analysis of Child and Contextual Predictors

Eating more or eating less in response to negative emotions, called emotional over- and undereating, is common in children, but research on the etiology of these behaviors is in its infancy. Drawing on a large, representative community sample of Norwegian children followed up on a biennial basis from 6 to 10 years of age (analysis sample: n = 802), child and contextual predictors (i.e., child temperament, depression symptoms, serious life events, family functioning, parental sensitivity and structuring) of change in emotional over- and undereating were examined. Results revealed that low (temperamental) soothability and less parental structuring at age 6 predicted increased emotional overeating at age 10 and that lower family functioning at age 6 predicted more emotional undereating during the same period.     

Behavioral inhibition,negative parenting,and social withdrawal: Longitudinal associations with loneliness during early,middle, and late adolescence

Adolescent loneliness can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, but there is limited understanding of its antecedents in infancy and childhood. A 20-year longitudinal, multi-informant, and multi-methods study (first data collection in 1998) was conducted to examine mechanisms underlying adolescent loneliness (N = 128, 52% boys, M_{age_baseline} = 1.23, SD = 0.02, 99% White, recruitment in Dutch urban, healthcare centers). Structural equation modeling showed that high infant behavioral inhibition (BI) was indirectly associated with high loneliness during adolescence via high childhood social withdrawal. This indirect effect was equally strong during early, middle, and late adolescence. Contrary to expectations, infant parenting did not moderate the relation between BI and social withdrawal. The results suggest a developmental cascade with infant BI showing long-lasting indirect effects on adolescent loneliness up to 20 years later via childhood social withdrawal.     

Environment and the Shaping of Civilization

Abstract

A study was conducted to measure trends in the coverage of environmental issues by popular magazines during the 25-year period 1961–1986. Three hypotheses were suggested: (1) the coverage of environmental issues would increase into the 1970s, then decrease to a steady level in the 1980s that was slightly higher than that of the 1960s; (2) environmental articles would become more mainstream; (3) there would be little change in the tendencies to rely on certain sources, to suggest biases, and to fail to stress risk. Entries under environmental subject headings in the Reader's Guide to Periodical Literature were tabulated, and content in four national consumer magazines was examined. Data supported the first two hypotheses but failed to support the third.     

The Sensitive Period for Tactile Remapping Does Not Include Early Infancy

Visual input during development seems crucial in tactile spatial perception, given that late, but not congenitally, blind people are impaired when skin‐based and tactile external representations are in conflict (when crossing the limbs). To test whether there is a sensitive period during which visual input is necessary, 14 children (age = 7.95) and a teenager (LM; age = 17.38) deprived of early vision by cataracts, and whose sight was restored during the first 5 months and at age 7, respectively, were tested. Tactile localization with arms crossed and uncrossed was measured. Children showed a crossing effect indistinguishable from a control group (Ns = 28, age = 8.24), whereas LM showed no crossing effect (Ns controls = 14, age = 20.78). This demonstrates a sensitive period which, critically, does not include early infancy.     

RELIGIOUS TEACHING AND INFLUENCE OF THE UNIVERSITY∗

The purpose of this column is to keep religious educators abreast of relevant significant research in the general field of psychology. Its implications for methods and materials in religious education are clear. Religious educators may well take advantage of every new finding in scientific research.

Each section describes a group of findings which have been reported in PSYCHOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS together with titles of these works so that those who wish may go to the original source.

This column is written as a service to religious educators by the Union College Character Research Project. All abstracts are used with permission of the periodical, PSYCHOLOGICAL ABSTRACTS. The abstract numbers are Volume 35. Number 1, February 1961 and Volume 35, Number 2, April 1961.     

Cultural strangers and educational change: The OECD Report Investment in Education and Irish Educational Policy

This paper treats the OECD report on Irish education Investment in Education published in 1965 as a ‘cultural stranger’ and assesses its contribution to Irish educational policy up to the present. Widely regarded as a major modernizing force in Irish society, this report is perceived to have confronted, penetrated, and changed the insular paradigms governing Irish educational policy, in particular replacing the personal development with the human capital paradigm as the institutional rationale for education. The influence of Investment in Education is situated within the economic reconstruction that commenced in the late 1950s, and the lack of contestation and the role of interest groups within the state apparatus and beyond are analysed. The expansion of the human capital paradigm to incorporate commercial, vocational, and market interpretations of schooling and the impact of these on the structuration of consciousness within the educational policy‐making community are described. The conclusion locates these developments in Irish education within their comparative context.     

Exploring Trajectories of Young Mothers’ Parenting Stress in Early Childhood: Associations with Protective Factors and Psychological Vulnerabilities

SYNOPSIS

Objective . Most parents manage some degree of parenting stress without serious concerns, but young mothers experience parenting stress at higher levels than adult mothers; high parenting stress is problematic due to its association with children’s socioemotional and behavior problems and the increased likelihood of maltreatment. Understanding the circumstances that precipitate or mitigate parents’ stress can have lasting impacts for child well-being. Extant research fails to account for both longitudinal and individual variation in young mothers’ parenting stress, leading to equivocal findings about the nature of mothers’ parenting stress trajectories across early childhood. Design . The present study used growth mixture modeling (GMM) to model the trajectories of 544 first-time young mothers’ parenting stress from children’s infancy to school-age. We considered how protective factors (i.e., social support) and psychological vulnerabilities (i.e., depression) experienced during the transition to parenthood were associated with parenting stress trajectories and variation within trajectories when children were of school-age. Results . GMM identified three trajectories of parenting stress: “low stable”, “high increasing”, and “high decreasing.” Protective factors were related to low and decreasing patterns of parenting stress, whereas psychological vulnerabilities were associated with higher parenting stress patterns. Conclusions . This study has implications for programs and services that help young mothers cope with the demands of parenting and reduce parenting stress.     

Reviews

Year Book of Education 1966. Church and State in Education. Edited by G. Z. F. Bereday and J. A. Lauwerys. Pp. xiv, 386. London: Evans, 1966. 70s.

Education and Society in Tudor England. By Joan Simon. Pp. xi, 451. Cambridge University Press, 1966. 70s.

Problems in Education and Philosophy. By Charles J. Brauner and Robert W. Burns. Pp. 165. London: Prentice‐Hall, Inc., 1965. Cloth, 40s. Paper, 18s.

The Meaning of Education. By Stephen Ross. Pp. 112. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1966.

Freedom and Education. Edited by Helen Huus. Fifty‐first Annual Schoolmen's Week Proceedings. Pp. 274. University of Pennsylvania Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. 30s.

Christianity in Education. By F. H. Hilliard, Desmond Lee, Gordon Rupp, W. R. Niblett. The Hibbert Lectures 1965. Pp. III. London: Allen & Unwin, 1966, 18s.

Religious Education, 1944–1984. Edited by A. G. Wedderspoon. Pp. 238. London: Allen & Unwin, 1966. 12s. 6d.

The State and Boarding Education: A Factual Report. By Royston Lambert. Pp. 96. London: Methuen, 1966. 9s. 6d.

Education and the Labour Movement, 1870–1920. By Brian Simon. Pp. 387. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1965. 50s.

The Rise of the Technocrats: a Social History. By W. H. G. Armytage. Pp. viii, 448. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. 56s.

The Manchester Grammar School, 1515–1965. Edited by J. A. Graham and B. A. Phythian. Pp. ix, 202. Manchester University Press, 1965. 21s.

Princes in the Making: A Study of Royal Education. By Morris Marples. Pp. 212. London: Faber and Faber, 1965. 28s.

Examinations: An Account of Their Evolution as Administrative Devices in England. By R. J. Montgomery. Pp. xiii, 303. London: Longmans, 1965. 35s.

Down Stream: Failure in the Grammar School. By R, R. Dale and S. Griffith.. Pp. x, 97. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. 20s.

Education in Edinburgh in the Eighteenth Century. By Alexander Law. Pp. 239. London: University of London Press, 1965. 30s.

Education in Stirlingshire: from the Reformation to the Act of 1872. By Andrew Bain. Pp. 300. University of London Press, for the Scottish Council for Research in Education, 1965. 30s.

Education in Ireland. By T. J. McElligott. Pp. viii, 201. Dublin: Institute of Public Administration, 1966. 33s.

The Genius of American Education. By Lawrence A. Cremin. Pp. 122. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1965. $2.

Essays on Education in the Early Republic. Edited by Frederick Rudolph. Pp. xxv, 389. Harvard University Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. 56s.

The Emergence of the American University. By Laurence R. Veysey. Pp. xiv, 505. University of Chicago Press, 1966. $10.

The Superior Student in American Higher Education. By J. W. Cohen. Pp. xxiv, 299. New York: McGraw‐Hill Book Company. $7.95.

The Educated Woman in America. Selected Writings of Catherine Beecher, Margaret Fuller and M. Carey Thomas. Edited by Barbara M. Cross. Pp. viii, 175. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. $1.95 paperback.

Teacher Education in America: A Documentary History. Edited by Professor Merle L. Borrowman. Pp. 251. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. $1.95.

The Technical Institute. By Maurice Graney. Pp. 118. London: Prentice‐Hall International, 1965. 365.

John F. Kennedy on Education. Selected and edited by William T. O'Hara, with a foreword by Congressman John Brademas. Pp. xiv, 305. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 1966. $6.50.

The Historian's Contribution to Anglo‐American Misunderstanding. Report of a Committee on National Bias in Anglo‐American History Text Books. By Ray Allen Billington, with the collaboration of C. P. Hill, Angus J. Johnston II, C. L. Mowat and Charles F. Mallett. Pp. xv, 118. London: Rout‐ledge & Kegan Paul, 1966. 18s.

The German Historical School in American Scholarship: A Study in the Transfer of Culture. By Jurgen Herbst. Pp. xvii, 262. Cornell University Press. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. 46s.

Festschrift zur Eröffnung der Universität Bochum. Edited by H. Wenke and J. H. Knoll. Pp. 394. Bochum: Verlag F. Kamp, 1965. Dm.38.

Education and Social Change in Ghana. By Philip J. Foster. Pp. xii, 322. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1965. 36s.

Learning Through Group Experience. By A. K. C. Ottaway. Pp. viii, 168. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1966. 25s.

Experiment and Tradition in Primary Schools. By D. E. M. Gardner. Pp. 211. London: Methuen, 1966. 27s. 6d.

Introducing the Younger Woman. By W. R. Page. Pp. xii, 212. Cambridge University Press, 1965. 30s.     

Associations Among Infant Iron Deficiency,Childhood Emotion and Attention Regulation,and Adolescent Problem Behaviors

This study examined whether iron deficiency (ID) in infancy contributes to problem behaviors in adolescence through its influence on poor regulatory abilities in childhood. Chilean infants (N = 1,116) were studied when there was no national program for iron fortification (1991–1996), resulting in high rates of ID (28%) and iron‐deficiency anemia (IDA, 17%). Infants (54% male) were studied at childhood (M_age = 10 years) and adolescence (M_age = 14 years). IDA in infancy was related to excessive alcohol use and risky sexual behavior in adolescence through its effect on poor emotion regulation in childhood. Attentional control deficits at age 10 were also related to both infant IDA and heightened risk taking in adolescence. Findings elucidate how poor childhood regulatory abilities associated with infant IDA compromise adjustment in adolescence.     

Climatology for guidance

African Education: An Introductory Survey of Education in Commonwealth Countries. Donald G. Burns. (London: Oxford University Press, 1965. Pp. 215. $2.40.)

Education Through English: The Use of English in African Schools. Eva Engholm. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1965. Pp. 182. $4.50.)

Techniques of Teaching. A. D. C. Peterson, editor. (New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1965. 3 volumes. $2.95 each volume.) (Vol. 1, Primary Education; vol. 2, Secondary Education; vol. 3, Tertiary Education.)

Education and the Development of Nations. John W. Hanson and Cole S. Brembeck, editors. (New York: Holt, Reinehart and Winston, Inc., 1966. Pp. 529. $4.95, paper.)

The Experience of Higher Education. Peter Marris. (New York: Humanities Press, 1964. Pp. 220. $5.00.)

Psychology and Education of the Gifted: Selected Readings. Walter B. Barbe, editor. (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1965. Pp. 534. $4.50, paper.)

The Public Schools and Religion, the Legal Context. Sam Duker. (New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, 1965. Pp. 238. $2.75.)

Society Schools and Progress in the U.S.A. Edmund J. King. (New York: Pergamon Press, Inc., 1965. Pp. 241. $4.50.)

Teaching Gifted Students: A Book of Readings. James J. Gallagher, editor. (Boston: Allyn and Bacon, Inc., 1965. $6.00, paper.)     

Pendleton—Plus

Delinquency and Child Guidance: Selected Papers. August Aichhorn. Edited by Otto Fleischmann, and others. (New York: International Universities Press, 1965. Pp. 244. $5.00.)

Elementary School Organization and Administration, fourth edition. Henry J. Otto and David C. Sanders. (New York: Appleton‐Century‐Crofts, 1964. Pp. 409. $6.50.)

The German Historical School in American Scholarship: A Study in the Transfer of Culture. Jurgen Herbst. (Ithaca, N. Y.: Cornell University Press, 1965. Pp. 262. $5.75.)

Helping High School Students to Read Better. Will J. Massey and Virginia D. Moore. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. Pp. 102. $1.95, paper.)

Linguistics and English Grammar. Henry Allan Gleason, Jr. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. Pp.519. $7.95.)

Social Studies in Secondary Education. Jonathon C. McLendon. (New York: Macmillan, 1965. Pp. 556. $7.50.)

The Wonderful World of Ellwood Patterson Cubberley: An Essay on the Historiography of American Education. Lawrence A. Cremin. (New York: Bureau of Publication, Teachers College, Columbia University, 1965. Pp. 81. 95¢, paper.)

Writing and Literature in the Secondary School. Edward J. Gordon, editor. (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1965. Pp. 295. $3.95, paper.)