李清照《论词》及其创作实践

李清照作为中国古代文坛史上一枚不可多得的＂直欲压倒须眉＂的耀眼明珠,其词作及其一篇独有见地的《论词》在当时宋代文学中稳稳地占据了一席之地,且在中国文学史上留下了不可磨灭的印记。通过对其《论词》及其创作实践做一次深入的比较探讨,发现其前期词作与《论词》中的理论主张基本一致,然而,到了后期,其创作与理论已然呈现出某些相互背离的倾向,并且从两者相合相离的情况分析中,可以较为客观合理地对它们作出评价。     

李清照的词学观及其创作

作为中国文学史上的重要人物、宋代杰出的女词人,李清照及其词学观一直被人们研究着,成为宋代文学研究中的一个焦点。胡适曾称李清照为最负文学盛名的女文豪。从她的生平思想作品中可以窥见其词学观。本文主要从李清照的词学作品中探讨和研究,对她的词学观进行综述并结合其词作进行简要分析,进一步分析她的词学观及其创作。     

论严骏生的词学主张与创作

严骏生是嘉道之际词风转变时期的词人,金陵词坛名家,然学界对其研究甚少。他的词既突出了浙派的清幽雅丽,又能够直抒其性灵,并兼有常派的比兴寄托。通过对其词学活动的研究,探讨了他的词学主张与创作。     

浅论李清照“词论与词作”的对接

词作＂卓然一家＂的李清照,在词作主张方面也卓有建树,大胆提出＂词别一家＂之说,为区分诗词之别立下界石,特别强调了词之为体的合乐特点和文学上的要求。在词作的内容上强调＂主情致＂,在表现风格上强调＂文雅＂,在表现技法上强调＂铺叙＂＂典重＂＂故实＂＂浑然＂等法度。本文主要在词的形式和技法上,对李清照的创作理论和创作实践的对接进行了探讨。     

苏轼、李清照的词学革新与理论分歧

针对宋初香而弱的词风,苏轼在诗祸日炽、诗的言志功能受到约束的环境下,提出词“自是一家”的革新主张,力图使词摆脱音律的束缚,改变“娱宾遣兴”的功能,其根本的目的是借词来承载诗的抒情言志功能。李清照则是在徽宗朝提倡音乐复雅的环境下,有感于词坛多种风格并存,试图通过“自是一家”的革新理论,来规范词的文体特征,对传统词风进行雅化,使词获得与诗同等的地位。     

试论李清照的《词论》及其创作实践

李清照是我国宋代词坛上一位大家,在她的《词论》里提出了“词别是一家”的著名论断,要求填词必需严格按照协律、铺叙、重典、情致和故实等五个标准进行创作,缺一不可。她提出的作词标准是有见地的,但对前人的词作批评,过于苛求,有失公允,有的甚至是不正确的,就是她的某些词作也没有完全严格按照《词论》的标准去创造。     

柳永与李清照词比较

柳词主要写对歌伎妓女的恋情与同情，对仕途的执着追求；李词主要写对少女少妇生活与爱情的大胆歌颂，对国破家亡时局的悲愁。在手法上，柳词重铺陈手法，情景交融；李词生白描手法，直抒胸臆。词境方面，柳词境界开阔放纵，平易自然；李词境界婉转细腻，意味深长。     

李清照及其婉约词创作

李清照为词家一大宗。其婚前词常蕴藏着淡淡的忧愁与焦虑,与惜春、伤春的感情交织在一起;婚后词作不乏描写欢悦之什,显示了真率的"风情",由于聚少离多,抒写寂寞与思念成为主调。"元祐党籍"案后,有关党人之争,词中皆有所涉及。后期作品也可细分为赵明诚逝前与逝后两个阶段。南迁后,多写羁旅愁苦与忧时之感,不忘中兴,体现了其性格中倔强的一面。词人晚年冷寂的生存状态,苦忧的内心世界,得到淋漓尽致的宣泄,后期所作同样也属于婉约词。咏物词皆有所寄托,关乎情性,而且物多具象征意义。李清照的婉约词,结构婉转缜密,情思曲折真切,长调有善"铺叙"的特点,富于情韵,含蓄蕴藉之致而显婉约之美。同时"协音律",语言清新自然,浅近多口语,好用叠字,也倍增其词婉约之致。     

读李清照《词论》

李清照的《词论》对词的发展过程的总结是基本正确的。它从词的特点出发，把词分为盛唐、晚唐五代、宋代三个发展阶段，第一次阐明了词在各个时期的发展状况，为后人研究词的产生发展提供了宝贵的资料。《词论》中对历代作家的评论是比较全面的，既看到成绩，也指出缺点。从各种体裁间互相取长补短上说，“别是一家”之说有其局限性，但从区别体上说，“别是一家”的提出，又是卓有见地的。     

从李清照的诗词看她的苦情人生

李清照是中国文学史上最伟大的女作家,也是世界文学史上最杰出的女诗人之一。她才思卓绝,著作丰富,作品优美。她突出的才华和成就备受世人的关注和称赞。她前期的诗词大都在描绘她的生活感受,清新明丽,意境优美,处处体现出她独特感受的真情人生,而后期的作品则渗透出她深沉的故园之思和浓厚的爱国主义悲伤情怀。     

李清照后期词的艺术风格

靖康二年（公元1127年）,金人南侵,微、软“北狩”,李清照举家南渡,从此她平静逸乐的书斋生活被金兵的铁蹄蹭碎。而南流前后天山人间的反差,也使她的词风发生了巨大的变化。家国之痛、怀人思乡成她后期词作的主要内容。情词哀伤、擅长铺叙、口语入词成为她后期词作的艺术特点。     

从写花词看李清照的审美追求和价值取向

李清照钟爱花,喜欢把感情融注在花的世界里,以花为题、以花为景,展示女词人的审美追求和价值取向--彰显女性自我意识、淡雅高洁的人生品质、无奈难舍的政治理想.试从李清照写花词入手对词人一生的追求作了一探讨.     

《秘书写作》教学与《秘书写作》实践的差距研究

《秘书写作》教学与《秘书写作》实践的存在差距当是无争议的。《<秘书写作>教学与<秘书写作>实践的差距研究》一文直面两者差距,在课题研究的基础上,通过对比研究学生的实践写稿与题干原稿指出《秘书写作》的教学与实践之间存在三个方面的明显差距,同时指出写作心理、写作水平、文种熟悉度是产生两者差距的主要原因。     

The relationship between vocabulary and writing quality in three genres

The purpose of this study was to examine the role of vocabulary in writing across three genres. Fifth graders (N = 105) wrote three compositions: story, persuasive, and informative. Each composition revolved around the topic of outer space to control for background knowledge. Written compositions were scored for holistic writing quality and several different vocabulary constructs: diversity, maturity, elaboration, academic words, content words, and register. The results indicated that students vary their vocabulary usage by genre. Story text had higher diversity than informative text as well as higher maturity as compared to persuasive text. Persuasive text contained higher diversity than informative text, and higher register than both of the other genres. Informative text included more content words and elaboration than the other text types as well as more maturity than persuasive text. Additionally, multiple regression and commonality analysis indicated that the vocabulary constructs related to writing quality differed by genre. For story text, vocabulary diversity was a unique predictor, while for persuasive text, content words and register were unique predictors. Finally, for informative text content words was the strongest unique predictor explaining almost all of the total variance in the five factor model, although maturity was also a unique predictor.     

The structural relationship between writing attitude and writing achievement in first and third grade students

This study tested three models of the structural relationship between the writing achievement of primary grade students and their attitude towards writing (defined here as an affective disposition involving how the act of writing makes the author feel, ranging from happy to unhappy). The three models tested were: (a) writing attitude influences writing achievement in a unidirectional manner, (b) writing achievement influences writing attitude in a unidirectional manner, and (c) the effects of writing attitude and achievement are bidirectional and reciprocal. The model that best fit the data was based on the assumption that writing attitude influences writing achievement. In addition, the direct path between attitude and achievement in this model was statistically significant. Although third grade students were better writers than first grade students, there was no statistical difference in younger and older students’ attitude towards writing. In addition, girls were more positive about writing than boys, but there was no statistical difference in their writing achievement related to gender. This research extends models based on the cognitive and language processes of writing to include the role of attitude, which is an affective component of motivation.     

在理想与现实之间寻觅--李清照隐于闺阁心态试论

李清照曾经有过与男性平等交流、发展和拥有美满爱情的梦想,然而男权社会剥夺了女性出仕的机会,也使她们疏离于在中国文化中与政治互为表里的诗、文等文体,在婚姻中她们也处于劣势。在对女性的现实处境深刻体认之后,李清照形成了隐于闺阁、自我完善的“道艺处士”生活模式。“道艺处士”的艺术积累为后来李清照成为一个真正的诗人准备了条件,李清照也证明了女性在“词”这种体裁上的优势。国破家亡使李清照意识到了自己的局限,她走出闺阁,成为一个真正的诗人,完成了否定之否定的精神历程。     

本色纯真 真情跃动——李清照词中彰显的女性意识

李清照生活在传统儒家文化为主流意识形态的男权社会,女性缺乏话语权,而她却以一部《潄玉词》跻身于文坛,本文从她词作中描写的爱情生活,国恨家愁的内容,抒发的主张独立、追求平等、积极进取的精神,以及借助花意象展现她的高洁品性,来论述其词作中凸显的女性觉醒、独立、自珍自爱的意识。     

The practice of writing ethnographic fieldnotes

Fieldnotes are central to ethnographic practice, yet there is surprisingly little written about how fieldnotes are constructed. This article reports the results of some interviews with four well-known ethnographers of education who were questioned about their practice. It is designed to be a resource for those new (and, maybe not so new) to ethnography.     

The relationship between working memory and writing in younger and older adults

This study investigated therelationship between working-memory (WM) spanand writing performance in three age groups(mean of ages of 15, 30, 77 years). Asexpected, older adults' performance wasinferior to younger adults on measures ofverbal and visual-spatial WM and structuralcomplexity in writing. More important, WM spanmoderated structural complexity in writingacross age and those effects remainedsignificant when short-term memory, readingcomprehension, word knowledge, spelling andhandwriting speed were partialed from theanalysis. Overall, the results support thenotion that age-related changes in textgeneration are moderated by limitations in ageneral WM system.