A high school follow-up of children who were nonpromoted or attended a junior first grade

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of repeating a grade or participating in a junior first-grade program. High school students (N = 137) answered a questionnaire concerning their experience with grade retention or a transitional year while in elementary school. In addition, we collected data on past academic performance from the students' school records. Groups of students were composed of former participants in the junior first program, students who had been retained in a grade, and matched controls. Attitudes towards nonpromotion and the junior first program were positive and, among all three groups, there were few important differences in opinion. In high school, however, measures of academic competence indicated there were performance differences between the groups. Participants in the junior first program were at par with peers, whereas grade repeaters made less progress in high school and had lower mathematics grades. The later in school the grade retention, the poorer the academic performance.     

The motivation of boys who leave school early: impact of teachers

How well boys perform during the compulsory years of schooling is a significant concern with considerable research highlighting that boys experience problems at school in terms of learning, behaviour, achievement and participation when compared to girls. In particular, the retention of boys to Year 12 has been problematic. This article reports on a study exploring boys’ motivations to leave school early on the basis of an opportunistic sample of 22 boys aged 16 in Queensland. The article briefly explores the issues surrounding boys’ early school leaving, and makes links between their experiences with teachers at school to their early school leaving decision.     

The whole picture: Child maltreatment experiences of youths who were physically abused

The purpose of the current study was to describe the maltreatment experiences of a sample of urban youths identified as physically abused using the Maltreatment Case Record Abstraction Instrument (MCRAI). The sample (n = 303) of 9–12 year old youths was recruited from active child protective services (CPS) cases in 2002–2005, and five years of child protective service records were reviewed. The demographic and maltreatment experiences of MCRAI-identified youths with physical abuse were compared to maltreated youths who were not physically abused and youths who were identified as physically abused by CPS when they entered this longitudinal study. T-tests and chi-square tests were used to compare the demographics and maltreatment experiences of the sample MCRAI-identified physically abused to the sample MCRAI-identified as nonphysically abused maltreated by gender. Of the total sample, 156 (51%) were identified by MCRAI as physically abused and 96.8% of these youth also experienced other types of maltreatment. Whereas youth with the initial CPS identification of physical abuse showed little co-occurrence (37.7%) with other forms of maltreatment. The MCRAI-identified physically abused youths had a significantly higher mean number of CPS reports and higher mean number of incidents of maltreatment than MCRAI-identified nonphysically maltreated youths. Lifeline plots of case record history from the time of first report to CPS to entry into the study found substantial individual variability in maltreatment experiences for both boys and girls. Thus, obtaining maltreatment information from a single report vastly underestimates the prevalence of physical abuse and the co-occurrence of other maltreatment types.     

Experiences of fatherhood among men who were sexually abused in childhood

BackgroundFatherhood is a complex psychological process, which is shaped at a profound level by reflections on past childhood memories and parenting experienced in childhood. Fathers who were sexually abused in childhood may experience particular challenges for their fathering identity and parenting role.ObjectiveThis qualitative study explored the experiences of fatherhood for men who were sexually abused in childhood and how they perceived themselves in the fathering role.Participants and SettingEleven participants were recruited to the study from three therapy services for adult survivors of abuse in the Republic of Ireland.MethodsData collection comprised face to face semi-structured interviews, which were audio recorded and subsequently transcribed verbatim. Data analysis drew on Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and two superordinate themes with associated subthemes were identified.ResultsParticipants’ experience of childhood sexual abuse provided a lens through which they experienced fatherhood and themselves in a fathering role. Fatherhood influenced participants to confront unintegrated aspects of the trauma they experienced in childhood, which manifested in hypervigilance with regard to their children’s safety and doubt that they were good enough fathers. However, fatherhood also offered an opportunity to heal. This occurred through striving to provide a better father-child relationship and through connection in restorative relationships, including the therapeutic relationship.ConclusionFatherhood was seen as a potential resource for positive change and can influence long held internal working models of the self and others.     

The boys who would be princesses: playing with gender identity intertexts in Disney Princess transmedia

Using data from a 3-year ethnographic study in US early childhood classrooms, I examine two kindergarten boys’ classroom play with their favourite Disney Princess transmedia to see how they negotiated gender identity layers clustered in the franchise's commercially given storylines and consumer expectations. This analysis contributes necessarily syncretic methods of analysis that enable critical examination of the complexity in children's play interactions with popular media artefacts as collaborative and heteroglossic negotiations of gender. Mediated discourse analysis of action and multimodality in boys’ Snow White princess play makes visible how children pivoted and anchored their performances as they negotiated, played, and blurred boundaries among gender identity intertexts.     

Methods 40 cases of lung leptospira d

d 40 cases had a diagnostic treatment. Results There were various X-ray changes of lung leptospira disease .in 40 cases,12 cases(30% ) pulmonary marking ,21 cases(52% ) little lesions,and 7cases(18% ) lager lesions,respectively.The patients who were correctly diagnosed made a rec overy after effective treatment,the pati     

“85后”大学生学习状况实证分析

通过对昆明市200名在校＂85后＂大学生就学习状况进行实证分析,认为＂85后＂大学生在学习中具有好学上进、自主性强等特点。反映出改革开放特定的时代环境和现行的教育教学体制缺陷对＂85后＂大学生学习特点的影响。提出强化高校社会化心理教育、实行弹性选修学制的建议,以协助＂85后＂大学生规划好大学生活。     

农村出身高校毕业生的两难就业困境

我国当前在城乡二元分割的社会结构和劳动力过剩的大背景下，一部分农村出身的高校毕业生面临着“城市留不了，农村不愿去”的两难就业选择。只有采取适当的措施，疏通城乡两个就业渠道，才能帮助农村出身的高校毕业生走出困境。     

Review of 125 children 6 years of age and under who were sexually abused

The authors present a chart review of 125 children, 6 years of age and under, who presented between early 1981 and mid 1983 to an acute care hospital because of sexual abuse. They represented one-third of the cases of alleged sexual abuse between infancy and 18 years of age referred to the hospital's multidisciplinary sexual abuse team. The ratio of females to males was 3.3:1. Sixty percent of the children were victims of intrafamilial abuse. Of the preschoolers, 72.5% were victims of intrafamilial abuse. At school age there was a reversal with 73% of 6 year olds being abused by extrafamilial offenders. The duration of the abusive relationship was greater in intrafamilial abuse. Purposeful disclosures were more frequent overall but were significantly less frequent when the perpetrator was intrafamilial or when the child was a preschooler. Two-thirds of the children had physical and/or behavioral symptoms. Parents of children who had been the victims of intrafamilial abuse were more likely to be separated or divorced. The difficulties in assessing young victims of alleged sexual abuse and the implications of the findings in this review are discussed.     

The changing place of careers guidance in schools

National Institute for Careers Education and Counselling (jointly sponsored by the Careers Research and Advisory Centre and by Hatfield Polytechnic). Research interests include careers guidance and the relationship between education and work. Has acted as a consultant to international organisations including the European Commission, OECD and Unesco. Books include Career Development in Britain, Work Experience in Schools,and Education, Unemployment and the Future of Work.     

The careers of fine artists and the embedded creative

While there is a growing body of scholarship on the creative industries and on the career trajectories of graduates from creative industries programmes, there has to date only been a limited amount of research that examines in detail, the careers of fine arts graduates. Fine art is arguably the least ‘vocational’ of creative disciplines, in that there are relatively few employers that seek to employ fine artists as fine artists. If fine arts graduates are not employed in their chosen field – that is, in the ‘Creative Trident’ terminology, in a core creative occupation – how do their careers parallel or differ from those of other creative graduates? Do they find employment as ‘embedded creatives’, using or applying their experience and practice in sectors beyond the core creative industries, or as ‘support workers’, enabling and facilitating the creative work of others? Do they experience portfolio careers? And how do their artistic training and attitudes to creativity affect their working relationships and experiences? This article draws on rich qualitative data about the experiences of a small group of graduates (including the author) who all graduated from the same course at the same institution in the UK in 1994, to provide some insights into the career paths and trajectories of a sample of fine arts graduates.     

'On The Edge': Making meaning of flexible careers

ABSTRACT This article uses autobiographical writing to explore the ways in which we have experienced, and tried to manage, our identities in the context of employment practices which are increasingly encouraging the use of 'flexible', contracted staff. In seeking to make transparent the identifications we have made with marginality and risk which have been embedded in our experience of 'flexible' careers, we have tried to develop an unconventional texture to this written account of a shared project of inquiry.     

差异化竞争战略和大学生职业规划指导

由于激烈的就业市场竞争的冲击,我国当前的大学生职业规划状况不容乐观,职业规划指导也面临挑战.为了帮助大学毕业生提高竞争力,应该将差异化竞争理论引入大学生职业规划指导,培养大学生的差异化技能.差异化技能的选择和培养应该遵循对工作有用、别人不容易模仿、容易在就业市场上体现等原则,而差异化技能的培养要求教师和学校不但要熟悉就业市场,而且要能够发掘学生的兴趣、爱好和特长,同时还要提供一定的技术支持.