Modeling-Oriented Assessment in K-12 Science Education: A synthesis of research from 1980 to 2013 and new directions

Scientific modeling has been advocated as one of the core practices in recent science education policy initiatives. In modeling-based instruction (MBI), students use, construct, and revise models to gain scientific knowledge and inquiry skills. Oftentimes, the benefits of MBI have been documented using assessments targeting students’ conceptual understanding or affective domains. Fewer studies have used assessments directly built on the ideas of modeling. The purpose of this study is to synthesize and examine modeling-oriented assessments (MOA) in the last three decades and propose new directions for research in this area. The study uses a collection of 30 empirical research articles that report MOA from an initial library of 153 articles focusing on MBI in K-12 science education from 1980 to 2013. The findings include the variety of themes within each of the three MOA dimensions (modeling products, modeling practices, and meta-modeling knowledge) and the areas of MOA still in need of much work. Based on the review, three guiding principles are proposed for future work in MOA: (a) framing MOA in an ecology of assessment, (b) providing authentic modeling contexts for assessment, and (c) spelling out the connections between MOA items and the essential aspects of modeling to be assessed.     

校本教研与信息技术的关系研究

随着教育改革的不断深入,校本教研提到了一个十分重要的位置。在信息时代。陈旧的教研方式已成为历史,利用信息技术构建信息平台引领的校本教研能使教师真正成为教育研究的主体．从根本上解决长期以来教育研究与教育行动分离,教育理论与教育实践脱节的状况。     

Training and Mastery of Techniques in Wittgenstein's Later Philosophy: A response to Michael Luntley

Responding to Michael Luntley's article, 'Learning, Empowerment and Judgement', the author shows he cannot successfully make the following three moves: (1) dissolve the analytic distinction between learning by training and learning by reasoning, while advocating the latter; (2) diminish the role of training in Wittgenstein's philosophy, nor attribute to him a rationalist model of learning; and (3) turn to empirical research as a way of solving the philosophical problems he addresses through Wittgenstein. Drawing on José Medina's analysis of the fundamental role of training in Wittgenstein's later philosophy, the paper offers a tour of key passages in the Investigations and other works to develop an understanding of what Wittgenstein meant by 'mastery of techniques'. In opposition to Luntley's liberal-individual, or his subject as rational agent, the author explores Wittgenstein's non-foundationalist, forms of life approach to how we act with agreement. More effort must be given to differentiating Wittgenstein's view from that of the analytic school, which Luntley appears to echo despite his criticism of the analytic divide.     

The peer review of teaching: Progress,issues and prospects

As campuses search for ways to raise the level of attention to teaching, the peer review of teaching offers distinct advantages, especially for faculty eager to overcome the isolation of the classroom and to collaborate on improvement. But it presents a number of challenges as well, both political and methodological, and presumes significantly different roles for faculty in ensuring and improving the quality of student learning. Experience on twelve campuses in a national project on the peer review of teaching provides a context for analysis in this introduction to the essays that follow.Patricia Hutchings directs the Teaching Initiative of the American Association for Higher Education in Washington DC, where she has been a staff member for the past eight years. Prior to that she was a faculty member and chair of the English department at Alverno College in Milwaukee. She received a Ph.D. in English from the University of Iowa in 1978 and continues to teach creative writing.     

A Perspective on Strategy Research: Progress and Prospects

Our goal in this article is to present a broad perspective on the state of strategy research and to consider, in brief, the prospects for strategy research in the future. We first draw on the literature in an effort to delineate the attributes of strategies and to consider several dimensions of strategies that dot the research landscape. Next, we distinguish strategic performance from skillful behavior. With this definitional framework in place, we survey changes that might be evidenced in learners' strategic processing over time, as a consequence of knowledge and motivation, as well as other personal factors. Additionally, we explore aspects of the task and the context that serve as change agents in strategy development, including domain, time, and instructional support. We conclude with a brief reflection on issues that deserve attention in research and practice in the next decade, to assist strategies instruction in reaching its potential as a part of integrated, validated instructional practices.     

1994-2005年我国排球科研现状分析与研究

运用文献资料、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法,以1994-2005年间13种中文体育类核心期刊上发表的709篇排球科研论文为研究对象,针对排球科研论文的刊发数量、科研论文内容的分布、科研方法的种类、主要项目的研究成果及基金项目等情况进行了分析研究,为我国排球运动科研的发展提供参考依据。     

“新四化”理论研究综述

党的十八大召开之后,有关新四化的新型提法引起了学界专家们的激烈反响。由胡锦涛总书记在报告中关于新四化概念和内容的陈述得到了学界一致认可,也引起了新四化理论研究热潮,对近年来新四化的一些理论研究热点做一简单回顾和整理。     

提升高校大型科研仪器在研究生培养中效能的思考

高校如何通过整合、优化科研资源,建立和制定有效的大型科研仪器共享管理机制,发挥大型科研仪器在研究生培养中的功能作用,提高研究生培养质量,提高大型科研仪器的投资绩效,是众多高校急需解决的现实问题。     

生成视野中的国外教学设计理论本土化问题研究

国外教学设计理论经过了产生期、形成期、盛行期、革新期等发展阶段,其生成一是依赖于社会需要的促动,二是取决于认识论、学习心理学和教学设计的整合,三是信息技术的革命性影响。国外教学设计理论在本土化过程中存在诸多问题,如基于本土的教学设计创新不足、缺乏心理学等基础学科与信息技术的支撑、教师自身缺乏教学设计观念与能力等。要解决这些问题,必须正确认识与评价国外教学设计思想,促进教学设计的本土创新;构建研究共同体,促进教学设计理论与实践的结合;增强教师的教学设计观念与能力;构建以＂学习者＂为中心的教学设计模式。     

大型仪器设备使用效益评估、检查的实践与探索

评估与检查,要以学校为主导、二级学院为主体,充分发挥实验室主管部门的管理职能,形成"学校实验室工作委员会—主管职能部门—二级学院"的组织机构网,使各环节工作落在实处。要科学设置和制定评估指标体系,重点突出,操作易行。同时,特别注重二级学院的自查、自评和自纠,加强基础材料和数据的建立及存档,重视同学科专家的指导作用以及评估检查结果的及时反馈和整改落实,保障评估与检查工作保质保量地完成。     

20世纪80年代以来国内赫德研究综述

赫德是中国近代历史上的一位重要人物,作为晚清海关的外籍总税务司,他不仅控制着清政府的财政命脉,而且直接左右着晚清的内政外交。20世纪80年代以来,学术界对于赫德的研究成果层出不穷。但从总体上看,其研究的空间与深度仍需进一步开拓。无论是史料的挖掘、研究方法和理论的创新,还是研究内容和对象,都有进一步拓展和深化的必要性。     

Transition from school: A review of Australian research

With rising rates of unemployment amongst young people in Australia as in other industrialised countries, considerable research has been undertaken on the transition from school: nearly 500 studies have been done in the past five years. This paper reviews them.The assumption of most researchers is that the major transition from school is to work. Other transitions, such as from adolescence to adulthood, are relatively neglected. Although the issue is approached from four main disciplinary standpoints — educational, psychological, social and economic — the theoretical assumptions and practical conclusions can be put in the two categories of supply and demand. Supply is preparing young people for roles, on the assumption that better preparation will not only raise employability, but might also call jobs into being. Demand can mean creating new jobs in the private and public sectors, developing new forms of cooperative employment, or reallocating the jobs which already exist through work-sharing, more part-time work, early retirement for older people or rewarding some groups to refrain from wage employment.The impression is that policy is not led by research, but that research is stimulated by policy and action. The roles of research indeed are mainly design, monitoring and evaluation. Four gaps in research in Australia are identified: better social book-keeping, longitudinal studies, rigorous case-studies and policy analysis.     

国内旅游商品研究述评

近年国内旅游购物的蓬勃发展,旅游商品成为很多学者关注的焦点,国内积累了大量的文献。为了对国内旅游商品研究的成果和最新动态有一个清晰的了解,通过对既有相关文献的整理、分析,力求对近年来我国旅游商品的研究内容与方法作比较全面而系统的概述。研究发现,总体来看,我国旅游商品研究取得了长足的发展,认为旅游商品基础理论、旅游商品购买者行为及旅游商品产业化等研究领域是今后旅游商品研究的重点方向。     

设计利用现代科学仪器 紧跟科学前沿的细胞生物学实验

简要介绍了透射电子显微镜、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和流式细胞仪等现代科学仪器的特点及其在细胞生物学研究中的应用;讨论了细胞生物学的一些前沿研究领域,如细胞衰老、肿瘤细胞诱导凋亡、干细胞及肿瘤细胞的诱导分化、细胞信号转导、细胞周期调控、小干扰RNA引起的细胞基因沉默等,提出了利用现代科学仪器,针对科学问题设置细胞学实验的构想,为高校创新型人才培养体系中课程建设提供参考。     

有关检察学的发展历史、研究现状与前瞻

检察学作为一门学科,主要的研究任务是针对研究检察制度以及相关规律进行研究,研究内容为检察制度的演变以及检察活动的规律,其中所涉及到的内容包括与检察学相关的概念、检察学的起源、本质、类型以及其在社会领域中所发挥的作用和发展前途。本论文针对检察学的发展历史以及现状进行分析,并针对检察学研究的前瞻性问题展开研究。     

Evaluating the non-academic impact of academic research: design considerations

Evaluation of academic research plays a significant role in government efforts to steer public universities. The scope of such evaluation is now being extended to include the ‘relevance’ or ‘impact’ of academic research outside the academy. We address how evaluation of non-academic research impact can promote more such impact without undermining academic freedom and research excellence. Five questions on evaluation design are considered: (1) What should be the object of measurement? (2) What should be the timeframe? (3) How should non-academic users of research inform evaluation processes? (4) How should controversial impacts be managed? (5) When in funding cycles should impact evaluation occur? We conclude that non-academic impact should be selectively promoted and evaluated. This is how greater gains from research might be best captured without imposing misguided and onerous reporting requirements on individuals and institutions.     

Outcomes from building system courseware for teaching and testing in a discipline-based human structure curriculum

This study investigated the educational benefits of system-based lecture notes and interactive learning objects in a peripheral nervous system component of a traditional first-year medical school human anatomy course. The impetus for the investigation was anecdotal evidence suggesting enhanced learner satisfaction with the learning resources. Retrospective review of existing data from 2006 to 2009 was undertaken to quantify (1) the effects of Web-based system courseware on examination item performance, and (2) differences among learner opinions regarding the benefit level of the five different types of interactive learning objects as evaluated by instructional design questionnaires. Interactive patient-based case studies (IPCS) and review games (Games), simulated interactive patients (SIP), flashcards, and unit quizzes (Quizzes) developed in-house have been peer-reviewed and published in MedEdPORTAL. Statistics included one-way analysis of variance, Tukey's post hoc test, and power meta-analysis (d). Examination item analysis scores remained significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05; d = 0.3938) for learners receiving the instructional treatment incorporating system-based lecture notes and interactive learning objects than for those not receiving this treatment. Using questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale, students reported favorably on the benefit level of all learning objects. They rated the SIP and IPCS significantly higher (P ≤0.05) and games significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than in previous years, indicating a change in learner preferences. This study reaffirms that online system-based instructional techniques improve student examination performance and overall student satisfaction. Learners indicated stronger preferences for SIP and IPCS over exercises encouraging passive memorization of anatomical content.     

A quasi-experimental research on the educational value of performance assessment

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that performance assessment increases educational value in teachinglearning activities using a quasi-experimental research design. In this research, the three measurement criteria of educational value are suggested as ‘improvement & advancement,’ ‘sincerity & enthusiasm,’ and ‘individuality & wholeness.’ A pre-test was administered to 4 classes (156 students) in 7th grade. Classes were divided into an experimental group (2 classes, 79 students) and a control group (2 classes, 77 students), according to the pre-test results. Only the experimental group was involved in the performance assessment for 9 weeks. The results of this study show that performance assessment has a positive effect on the educational value of teaching-learning activities in schools.     

论教育研究中量化研究与质化研究的结合

在教育研究整个发展历程中,存在两种研究范式：量化研究与质化研究。本文结合这两种研究范式的历史发展,在比较它们的差异基础上,探求如何将量化研究与质化研究结合起来,以促进教育研究事业的繁荣。     

教学原则研究20年:反思与前瞻

改革开放以来的20年,我国教学原则研究大体经历了引进与反思,批判与整合和体系的新建构与研究的多样化三个阶段,研究内容涉及教学原则的概念,性质与特点,地位与作用,来源与依据及体系的建构等方面,今后的研究应处理好科学与人文,继承与发展和引进与吸收的关系,并呈现出了新的研究趋势。