Restavèk children in context: Wellbeing compared to other Haitian children

In Haiti, large numbers of vulnerable children and the country's particular historical context has led to a unique phenomenon known as the “restavèk” system. An estimated 300,000 Haitian children are restavèks, living as unpaid domestic servants. Child-welfare advocates describe the restavèk system as modern slavery, but researchers and advocates lack information about restavèk children's circumstances, particularly vis-à-vis other children in Haiti. In a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample, we evaluated differences in well-being (school attendance, work responsibilities, physical abuse, and hunger) between restavèk children and: (a) all non-restavèk children; and (b) the poorest quintile of non-restavèk children. As compared to all Haitian children and the poorest Haitian children, restavèk children have statistically significantly lower school attendance rates and more labor responsibilities. However, restavèk children experience statistically significantly less physical abuse and less hunger than non-restavèk Haitian children. The restavèk system remains active in Haiti because poor families lack basic resources to support their children, and restavèk children are at risk for mistreatment due to their vulnerable social status. The surprising finding that restavèk children are better off in some respects than their non-restavèk peers highlights the desperate poverty in Haiti and suggests that structural changes for poverty reduction will be required before the restavèk system will end.     

Factors that contribute to the educational success of Haitian‐American women

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that contributed to the academic success of Haitian‐American women. This study was also conducted to determine if factors attributed to by academically successful Haitian women are related to selected demographic characteristics. Two hundred and thirteen Haitian women selected from the National Haitian Student Alliance, with at least a Bachelor’s degree, participated. They completed an online survey designed to elicit demographic information and their perception of the factors. Our results indicate that self‐motivation, financial assistance, access to resources, self‐perception and time management are among the most important factors that contributed to their academic success. Less important are community support and knowledge of a second language. Statistically significant relationships were found between a linear combination of the 16 success factors and only the following demographic characteristics: birthplace, years taken to complete college, father’s level of education and participant’s residence region.     

2000年以来国内学界有关教师教学决策问题研究的主题变迁与未来趋向

随着新一轮国家基础教育和课程改革的深入,教师教学决策越来越成为教育研究者关注的重点。本文通过对2000年以来的教师教学决策已有研究成果进行梳理汇总,论述了我国教师教学决策问题的缘起,并对2000年以来的教师教学决策问题研究的主题进行了整理,研究主题呈现出由汲取经验到内隐思维,由决策过程到知识依据,由普遍课程到具体学科,由有效性到专业化,由单一视角到多元视角的特点,且在研究内容、研究视角、研究方法、时代背景方面对教师教学决策未来发展趋向提出了自己的认识。     

学生技能创新工作坊的应用——以宁波职业技术学院海天分院为例

"学生技能创新工作坊"作为一种新型的人才培养模式,是针对高职院校学生的特点提出的增强学生学习兴趣,提高专业技能水平,提升大学生综合素质的相对有效的手段。从工作坊提出的背景出发,结合学生的实践,从工作坊的概念、背景、教学优势、工作流程以及获得的阶段性成果等方面来探讨这种新型模式在高校教学中的应用,具有一定的理论和实践意义。     

South-south migration and education: the case of people of Haitian descent born in the Dominican Republic

The world is witnessing an era of unprecedented human mobility and much of this movement entails migration between countries in the global south. This article contributes to the development of an important new line of inquiry within the field of comparative and international education: South-South migration and education. In the first section, I review the available literature to sketch the outlines of this phenomenon. I then examine a particular case: schooling for youth of Haitian descent born and living in the Dominican Republic. The qualitative data reveals two important findings: first, despite claims to the contrary, some immigrant children are still being denied access to basic education; second, once enrolled in school, children and youth of Haitian descent, and especially darker-skinned boys, are subject to intense verbal abuse and, in some cases, physical abuse. As I discuss in the conclusion, the case of Haitians in the Dominican Republic raises significant questions regarding south-south migration and education that merit further and, when possible, comparative scrutiny.     

《海天鸿雪记》的写作与新闻媒介

《海天鸿雪记》最早刊于《游戏报》,是报刊语境中小说写作的典型文本。它的结构、人物、思想倾向都与晚清上海的报刊媒介紧密相关。     

Parent Consultation and Transitional Care for Military Families of Children with Autism: A Teleconsultation Implementation Project

ABSTRACT

Military families face challenges when a dependent child is diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and local treatment expertise for children with an ASD is unavailable. eHealth models are considered promising delivery methods for assisting families who need information and support. The adaptation of existing face-to-face models of care for remote delivery may help support the provision of quality care (Hall & Bierman, 2015). To support the needs of military families of children with ASDs, the Remote Check-up (RCU), an adaptation of the Family Check-Up (FCU) model (Shaw, Dishion, Supplee, Gardner, & Arnds, 2006) provides a family-centered intervention for transitional care. This article describes the development of an eHealth delivery model and a menu of service options including online learning materials, care coordination services, and behavioral consultation for military families of children with ASD.     

State literacies and inequality: Managing Haitian immigrants in the Dominican Republic

For decades, Haitians have immigrated to the Dominican Republic in search of a better life, yet such hopes have been elusive for many. Since the 1980s, in the midst of shifting economic and political conditions, changing interpretations of the Constitution have increasingly denied Dominican citizenship to children born to Haitians in the Dominican Republic. Drawing on qualitative interviews with people of Haitian descent, the article demonstrates how citizenship claims are textually mediated, and it examines how agents of the Dominican state exert authority over Haitian- and Dominican-born people of Haitian descent through literacy events and literacy practices. Specifically, we consider not only how the withholding of documents shaped immigrants’ lives but also how state agents selectively and arbitrarily interpreted documents, such as passports, visas, birth certificates, and national identity cards, based upon various factors, including witnesses to the social interaction, whether bribes were forthcoming, and the state agent's determination of the social and economic value of the document bearer. While dominant development discourses routinely suggest that literacy skills provide a protective factor and potentially redress inequality, we demonstrate that literacy events are yet another social interaction in which authorities with power easily impose their interpretations on vulnerable populations.     

Applying Trans-Generational Family Theory and Therapy to College Student Psychotherapy

While family systems theory and therapy have been integrated into psychological treatment in a wide variety of populations and settings, college therapists, have been slow to find meaningful application to the treatment of students. Conflicting theoretical assumptions about the nature of the college student from the prevailing developmental model as opposed to the family theory model and lack of an elaborated model for such application may be repsonsible. A model for applying trans-generational family interventions is proposed which includes (1) family-theory informed individual therapy; (2) Bowen family "coaching"; (3) families as consultants to individual counseling; and (4) on-going family sessions. Theoretical and practical issues are illustrated through case examples.     

Child sex abuse treatment: Some barriers to program operation

A treatment program for sexually abusing families is described, which illustrates the complexities in the families, in the treatment required to assist them, and in the interrelations of agencies with whom they come into contact. The program used a multi-therapist, multi-modality treatment model in conjunction with expert consultants in medicine, psychology, art therapy, law, criminology, and research. The article discusses the formidable barriers to creating a treatment program that stem from the necessity of establishing linkages with other agencies and systems in the society. These barriers include the difficulty other service providers may have in recognizing the problem; the trouble doctors, lawyers, and policemen have in interviewing the young victims; the problems in the criminal justice system with obtaining justice for the victim by arresting and prosecuting the offender while protecting his rights; and the conflict of the schools caught between their responsibility as mandated reporters of abuse and the legal rights of the parent-offender. Questions are raised which may assist others embarked on developing similar programs.     

Examining Effective Intervention Practices for Communication Impairment in Autism Spectrum Disorder

This article describes effective communication-related practices by reviewing specific evidence-based techniques, sharing how these techniques have been used in various treatment approaches, and discussing a constellation of general principles vital to treatment success. A comprehensive model of service delivery is provided to illustrate these key features of effective practice within the ecological and cultural contexts of families and their everyday lives.     

离异家庭初中生应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式与心理健康的结构模型研究

目的:构建离异家庭初中生应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式与心理健康的关系模型。方法:对131名离异家庭初中生分别采用应激生活事件问卷、应对方式问卷、社会支持问卷和症状自评量表进行测量,进而用结构方程模型的方法构建了潜变量之间的关系模型。结果:离异家庭学生的应激生活事件、社会支持、积极应对、消极应对对症状总分有直接影响(权重分别是0.45、-0.21、-0.48、0.78);结构方程分析表明,离异家庭学生的积极应对、消极应对对症状总分的影响比正常家庭学生的更大(离异家庭学生的权重为-0.48和0.78,正常家庭学生的权重为-0.14和0.35);离异家庭学生的应激生活事件对社会支持的影响比正常家庭学生的更大(离异家庭学生的权重为-0.49,正常家庭学生的权重为-0.28)。结论:应激生活事件、社会支持、应对方式对心理健康的作用得到结构方程模型的有力支持。     

Unanticipated problems in the United States child protection system

While the United States child protection system is widely recognized as probably the most sophisticated and wide-ranging in the world, it nevertheless has some inherent problems. This article addresses some of the negative effects of mandatory reporting and the lack of fit of a short-term crisis intervention treatment approach for a substantial proportion of the protective services population. Reporting may have detrimental effects on the client-reporter relationship. Further, over half of the cases investigated are not substantiated. Of concern are the impact on innocent families of being investigated and the waste of scarce worker resources on investigation. While some protective services families are well suited to a crisis intervention model, a large number are multiproblem families who are always in crisis and families with chronic problems for whom crisis intervention is totally inadequate. Furthermore, because of high caseload size, workers are often not available to intervene after they have investigated the case. The problems described have been exacerbated by funding cutbacks under the current United States administration. The child protection system, along with other social welfare programs, is at risk for being dismantled by the Reagan administration.     

Families at risk of poor parenting: A model for service delivery,assessment, and intervention

The At Risk Parent Child Program is a multidisciplinary network agency designed for the secondary prevention of poor parenting and the extremes of child abuse and neglect. This model system of service delivery emphasizes (1) the coordination of existing community resources to access a target population of families at risk of parenting problems, (2) the provision of multiple special services in a neutral location (ambulatory pediatric clinic), and (3) the importance of intensive individual contact with a clinical professional who serves as primary therapist, social advocate and service coordinator for client families. Identification and assessment of families is best done during prenatal and perinatal periods. Both formal and informal procedures for screening for risk factors are described, and a simple set of at risk criteria for use by hospital nursing staff is provided. Preventive intervention strategies include special medical, psychological, social and developmental services, offered in an inpatient; outpatient, or in-home setting. Matching family needs to modality and setting of treatment is a major program concern. All direct services to at risk families are supplied by professionals employed within existing local agencies (hospital, public health department, state guidance center, and medical school pediatric clinic). Multiple agency involvement allows a broad-based screening capacity which allows thousands of families routine access to program services. The administrative center of the network stands as an independent, community-funded core which coordinates and monitors direct clinical services, and provides local political advocacy for families at risk of parenting problems.     

Intellectual development in family constellations with adopted and natural children: a test of the Zajonc and Markus model

A confluence model was developed by Zajonc and Markus to account for the effects of birth order, child spacing, and family size on intellectual development. the fit of the model was tested on a sample of families with biological and adopted children. Although the model fits population data very well, it fails to account for intellectual patterns within families for whom both parent and child IQ data are available. The discrepancy is discussed in terms of sources of variance within and between families that are undetected in average values for a population.     

浅论家庭护理干预对糖尿病患者自我管理的影响

随着现代生物—心理—社会医学模式的转变,护理服务范畴不再局限于医院,已扩大到家庭。出院后有针对地给予患者家庭护理干预,能影响患者自我管理能力,有效达到治疗、康复的目的。家庭护理干预是持续提高家属及患者对疾病的认知水平及护理能力的重要手段,从而提高了患者治疗的依从性。     

The Training of Social Work Students in the Psychoeducation Model of Family Treatment

The purpose of this paper is to describe a training program in the psychoeducational model of fanmily treatment for graduate social work students who have their practicum in the psychiatric division of a large urban medical center. The training program was designed to enhance students' clinical skills with the families of psychiatric patients through the introduction of pscyhoeducational content. Students also were able to utilize this interventive approach in their actual field cases.     

English Language Proficiency and Bilingual Verbal Ability Among Chinese,Dominican, and Haitian Immigrant Students

This article describes English language proficiency and bilingual verbal ability for a sample of 209 students aged 10 to 16 from three immigrant groups—Chinese, Dominican, and Haitian. Sources of data included structured student interviews, parent interviews, and individual language assessments. On average, students' English language proficiency was far below their age and grade level with significant differences among the groups. Estimates of students' language ability improved once their skills in their first language were considered as demonstrated by the bilingual verbal ability scores. Results from this study demonstrate the need to consider both English and first language skills in assessing the language abilities of these students and in promoting educational access and equity for recent immigrants.