教育学在什么意义上不是科学

教育学的学科性质不可避免地与科学纠葛在一起,而从科学的划界、教育学与科学在某些研究基础上的不同表现,说明教育学和科学是对世界的不同的解释域,教育学没有必要也不可能完全科学化。探讨“教育学在什么意义上不是科学”,旨在表明教育学汲取的是科学精神,而不是“科学主义”,进而期待在科学精神的引领下,作为科学的教育学何以可能。     

在理想与功利之间——两种科学观的社会价值

本文认为科学是一种纯粹的理性事业,有着自己的内在发展逻辑和追求目的的理想主义科学观,和认为科学必然是要为人类的功利目的服务的功利主义科学观,是在对科学的价值认识上的两种似乎互相对立的形态,但这种对立是长期以来对科学的不恰当的认识所造成的。从梳理两种科学观的发展历史中,我们完全可以换一个角度考虑两者之间的关系,从而寻找到它们的契合点,为合理认识科学的社会价值提供理论指导。     

教育中的科学史与科学史中的教育

关于科学史在科学教育中的功能问题，一些案例说明，长期以来，实际上是教育目的规定着科学史的教育作用，将这种现象可称为教育中的科学史。而随着科学史研究的发展和科学史建制的形成，现在以科学史本身为本来认识科学史的教育作用，相应的，这可被称为科学史中的教育。在科学史的研究和传播过程中，从教育中的科学史向科学史中的教育转变，能够避免对科学史的辉格式解释和对科学历史的歪曲，也有利于真正认识科学史学科的教育功能。     

科学课程理想与理想科学课程

理想是课程的有机构成,科学课程理想是人类在认识和理解科学的内在规定性的基础上,对科学在培养人和发展人类社会方面的价值和功能的期望。通过寻找科学内在的规定性、科学活动的过程特征和青少年身心发展特别是心理发展顺序,可以把科学“转换”或改造成理想科学课程。     

科学本质教育及其教学研究与实践——以英国国家科学课程标准为例

作为科学教育的目标,科学本质教育近年来广受关注。英国国家科学课程标准中,对各个学段的科学本质教育提出了不同的教学要求;英国科学教育工作者对科学本质教育的教学方式、方法,影响科学本质教育的因素以及教学资源的开发等方面进行了广泛研究,这些都对我国科学教育中的科学本质教育具有借鉴和启示作用。     

The Impact of Science Fiction Film on Student Understanding of Science

Researchers who have investigated the public understanding of science have argued that fictional cinema and television has proven to be particularly effective at blurring the distinction between fact and fiction. The rationale for this study lies in the notion that to teach science effectively, educators need to understand how popular culture influences their students’ perception and understanding of science. Using naturalistic research methods in a diverse middle school we found that students who watched a popular science fiction film, The Core, had a number of misunderstandings of earth science concepts when compared to students who did not watch the movie. We found that a single viewing of a science fiction film can negatively impact student ideas regarding scientific phenomena. Specifically, we found that the film leveraged the scientific authority of the main character, coupled with scientifically correct explanations of some basic earth science, to create a series of plausible, albeit unscientific, ideas that made sense to students.     

Learning from students,inquiry into practice,and participation in professional communities: Beginning teachers' uneven progress toward equitable science teaching

In this research project, we investigated two beginning secondary science teachers' efforts to learn to teach science in ways that build from and celebrate the ethnic, gender, linguistic, and academic diversity of their students. To do so, we followed Troy and Brian from their preservice teacher education experiences through their first year of teaching 8th grade physical science at local junior high schools. We also conducted a follow‐up observation and interview with each participant after he had moved past the beginning stage of survival in the teaching profession—once in his fourth year of public school science teaching. Through qualitative analysis of interviews, classroom observations, and teachers' written work, we identified patterns and explored commonalities and differences in Troy and Brian's views and practices tied to equity over time. In particular, we examined successes and challenges they encountered in learning to teach science for all (a) from their students, (b) from inquiry into practice, and (c) from participation in professional communities. In our implications, we suggest ways teacher educators and induction professionals can better support beginning teachers in learning to teach science to all students. In particular, we highlight the central roles both individual colleagues and collective school cultures play in aiding or impeding beginning teachers' efforts to learn from students, from practice, and from professional communities. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 44: 586–612, 2007.     

The Pendulum as Presented in School Science Textbooks of Greece and Cyprus

When we refer to scientific knowledge, we, implicitly or explicitly, refer to its three components, namely its conceptual framework, its methodological principles and its cultural aspects. The pendulum is a topic of science teaching and learning where all three of these aspects can be examined with the aim of gaining a holistic appreciation of the transformation of a natural phenomenon into a phenomenon of the physical sciences and how this can then be recontextualized into a topic of school science learning. The main objective of this study is to examine whether this richness of the pendulum as a topic of teaching is revealed in the school science textbooks in Greece and Cyprus, for both primary and secondary education. We will use an analytical mapping instrument in order to determine, whether the pendulum is introduced at some grade level and, if so, in what context. We will then use an interpretive instrument, which relies on taxonomy of science curricula into traditional, innovative and constructivist programs, in order to attach meaning to the analysis. Finally, we will formulate a series of proposals in relation to the educational value of the simple pendulum at the Greek and Cypriot gymnasium level.     

关于文字学的定位及其学科体系问题的思考

“字学”和“汉字学”的区别问题、字学和语言学的关系问题以及字学的学科体系问题,一直是学术界认识不够充分或说没有很好解决的几个问题。如果能较为合理的解决这几个问题,就有可能促进字学的进一步发展,也有可能引起更多的学更加关注此类问题以及字学的其它基本理论问题。     

初中科学教师科学本质观的调查研究——以浙江省初中科学教师为例

通过问卷调查发现,初中科学教师对于科学世界观、科学探究和科学事业方面的认识偏向于传统的科学本质观。缘此,在初中科学教师教育课程中要增设HPS教育,帮助他们从"科学元勘"诸学科的多维视野下理解科学的本质,发展科学本质观。具体策略包括:通过对科学哲学的探讨,认识科学的逻辑结构和发展模式;通过对科学史的考察,凸显科学的人文意蕴;通过对科学社会学的审视,理解科学的社会建制。     

K-16 Computationally Rich Science Education: A Ten-Year Review of the Journal of Science Education and Technology (1998–2008)

Computing is anticipated to have an increasingly expansive impact on the sciences overall, becoming the third, crucial component of a “golden triangle” that includes mathematics and experimental and theoretical science. However, even more true with computing than with math and science, we are not preparing our students for this new reality. It is appropriate and compelling therefore to consider how computer science can be fundamentally integrated into science education. This study is a ten-year review (1998–2008) of the Journal of Science Education and Technology, with the following research questions in mind: What are the intersections at the K-16 level between science and computing? What do K-16 science educators already know about the newly emerged field, computational science?     

Whose Literacy? Discursive constructions of life and objectivity

Drawing from literature in the social studies of science, this paper historicizes two pivotal concepts in science literacy: the definition of life and the assumption of objectivity. In this paper we suggest that an understanding of the historical, discursive production of scientific knowledge affects the meaning of scientific literacy in at least three ways. First, a discursive study of scientific knowledge has the epistemological consequence of avoiding the selective perception that occurs when facts are abstracted from the historical conditions of their emergence. Second, a discursive approach to scientific knowledge can also be an example of science‐as‐exploration. Third, literacy and discourse studies contribute insights that alter assumptions about pedagogical appropriateness in science education. The paper concludes by suggesting that when science literacy includes the historical production of scientific knowledge, it can thereby extend the possibilities for what can be thought, studied and imagined in the name of science education.     

Assessing equity beyond knowledge‐ and skills‐based outcomes: A comparative ethnography of two fourth‐grade reform‐based science classrooms

When evaluating equity, researchers often look at the “achievement gap.” Privileging knowledge and skills as primary outcomes of science education misses other, more subtle, but critical, outcomes indexing inequitable science education. In this comparative ethnography, we examined what it meant to “be scientific” in two fourth‐grade classes taught by teachers similarly committed to reform‐based science (RBS) practices in the service of equity. In both classrooms, students developed similar levels of scientific understanding and expressed positive attitudes about learning science. However, in one classroom, a group of African American and Latina girls expressed outright disaffiliation with promoted meanings of “smart science person” (“They are the science people. We aren't like them”), despite the fact that most of them knew the science equally well or, in one case, better than, their classmates. To make sense of these findings, we examine the normative practice of “sharing scientific ideas” in each classroom, a comparison that provided a robust account of the differently accessible meanings of scientific knowledge, scientific investigation, and scientific person in each setting. The findings illustrate that research with equity aims demands attention to culture (everyday classroom practices that promote particular meanings of “science”) and normative identities (culturally produced meanings of “science person” and the accessibility of those meanings). The study: (1) encourages researchers to question taken‐for‐granted assumptions and complexities of RBS and (2) demonstrates to practitioners that enacting what might look like RBS and producing students who know and can do science are but pieces of what it takes to achieve equitable science education. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Inc. J Res Sci Teach 48: 459–485, 2011     

提高农民科技文化素质存在的问题和对策

农业发展的根本出路在于科技进步,农业科技是推进农业发展的第一动力。只有加强农业科技培训,提高农民的科技文化素质,才能提高农业科技保障能力。文章以保定市为例,分析了农民整体素质不高的成因,介绍了当前农民接受培训的主要形式及存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了解决措施及需注意的问题。     

“大科学观”与我国理工科院校学生的培养

随着人类社会步入21世纪,科学技术的发展趋向多元化,我国的“理工科学生”开始不能适应社会发展的需要。因此在理工科院校的培养观念上就必须要树立起“大科学观”。既要抓住现代科学整体化、演绎化、社会化的结构特点,又要加强科学文化各个方面特别是科学哲学、科学史和科学方法论的研究。     

理科课程的学科特征辨析

理清理科课程的学科特征是进行理科课程研究的基础。当前理科课程理论与实践中较多地出现文理不分的状况,需要从理科课程的学科分类、研究对象及其研究领域来辨析理科与文科课程的异同。     

‘Am I Like a Scientist?’: Primary children's images of doing science in school

A considerable body of evidence highlights how inquiry-based science can enhance students' epistemic and conceptual understanding of scientific concepts, principles, and theories. However, little is known about how students view themselves as learners of science. In this paper, we explore primary children's images of doing science in school and how they compare themselves with ‘real’ scientists. Data were collected through the use of a questionnaire, drawing activity, and interviews from 161 Grade 4 (ages 9–10) students in Singapore. Results indicate that ‘doing science as conducting hands-on investigations’, ‘doing science as learning from the teacher’, ‘doing science as completing the workbook’, and ‘doing science as a social process’ are the images of learning science in school that most of the students held. In addition, students reported that they need to be well behaved first and foremost, while scientists are more likely to work alone and do things that are dangerous. Moreover, students often viewed themselves as ‘acting like a scientist’ in class, especially when they were doing experiments. Nevertheless, some students reported that they were unlike a scientist because they believed that scientists work alone with dangerous experiments and do not need to listen to the teacher and complete the workbook. These research findings further confirm the earlier argument that young children can make distinctions between school science and ‘real’ science. This study suggests that the teaching of science as inquiry and by inquiry will shape how students view their classroom experiences and their attitudes towards science.     

浅谈高校理科德育渗透教育

要：高校德育是当前大学生教育的重点，理科开展德育渗透教育是个难点。本从理科委不要开展德育渗透教育，理科能不能开展德育渗透教育，理科如何开展德育渗透教育三个方面加以论述，说明理科是完全可以搞好德育渗透教育的。