美国基础教育改革与教师专业化新特征

20世纪末,美国基础教育改革向教师提出了更高的要求,教师专业化出现了一系列新特征:教师培训标准与教学要求逐渐统一;学科教育和专业教育分离,教师教育模式多样化;教师职业稳定性增加;教师待遇逐步提高。     

黑龙江省初中教师的教育价值观实证研究

新课程教育改革要求教师切实理解和贯彻新课程理念,对教师的教育价值观、能力、素质和专业化程度提出了更高的要求。对于初中教师而言,更应转变教育价值观与教育、教学行为,以适应新课改的要求。本文通过对黑龙江省8所初中教师的教育价值观现状进行了问卷调查与统计分析,为教师教育价值观的转变提出相关建议。     

幼儿园教师的师幼互动行为研究

在师幼互动中,教师适宜的互动行为是建立积极和谐师幼关系的关键所在。本研究通过问卷调查和访谈,对广州市幼儿园教师互动行为的现状进行考察。结果表明:教师的积极互动行为多于消极互动行为,但差距并不明显;在主、配班教师之间,公办园和民办园教师之间,以及不同教龄的教师之间,互动行为均存在一定的差异。针对这些问题,研究者对如何提高教师互动水平、促进教师专业成长提出了一些建议。     

The (Mis) Preparation of Teachers in the Proposition 227 Era: Humanizing Teacher Roles and Their Practice

Basic to the struggle for educational equity and academic achievement is the role of the teacher. Central to how a teacher's role is enacted is the preparation a teacher receives, largely defined by teacher certification standards and impacted by legislation such as Proposition 227. In California, where one of four students enrolling in school is an English language learner, and 90% of the teachers are monolingual English speakers, the preparation prospective teachers receive becomes glaringly critical. This article examines how the anti-immigrant legislation affects teacher (mis)preparation by forcing teachers to regress to passive roles emphasizing standards-driven, technical, one-size-fits-all approaches in addressing the complex educational needs of English language learners. A bilingual teacher educator shares her attempts to humanize the teacher's role by engaging her students in critical examinations of schooling and their role as teachers.     

学习型组织的形成与教师队伍建设

影响学校学习型组织的形成与教师队伍建设的原因主要有管理者、学校、教师三个层面。形成学校学习型组织的对策包括:(1)校长任用制改革;(2)发展性的校长评价理念;(3)正确认识教师工作与学习的关系;(4)树立以教师为本的管理思想;(5)建立共同愿景;(6)与教师实现信息共享。与此同时,通过建立学校内部合作机制、完善教师的知识结构、倡导教师间的良性互动、建立公平合理的教师评价制度和“校本教研”制度,来提高教师队伍的素质,使学校成为有利于教师成长的学习型组织和社区。     

我国教师专业化实施途径探析

我国教师专业化建设的整体水平还比较低,与教师专业化相适应的制度环境尚不完善。因此,构建一体化的教师教育体系;培养“研究型”教师;构建完善的预备教师专业实习制度;建立开放的教师教育体系;改革教师教育课程,加强教育学科建设;巩固和提高教师的社会地位,积极推进教师专业化的进程,是摆在我们面前的紧迫任务。     

教师教育中的理解与视域融合

教师教育的意义不在其所传播的话语中,也不存在于教师身上,它存在于教师与其他教育者的视域融合之中。在教师教育中,教师与教育知识都是处于历史之中,教师的专业发展与教育知识的增长变化一起构成一种内在的相互作用,在这种相互作用中教师与教育知识构成一个统一体,构成一种运动关系的效果历史。任何教育知识的理解与接纳都是教师运用自己的语言的自我理解与接纳。他们的视野与教师教育的课程安排间的融合与抗拒,推进了教师理解的创造性发展。视域融合并不完全是一种"共享"、共识,它一直包含着一种深刻地质疑与批判。     

小学教师在职教育现状分析及对策研究

我国的小学教师在职教育普遍存在着教师选择权不大、教育实效性差、经费投入不到位、教师参与积极性不高、工学矛盾突出等问题,针对这些问题提出了应对策略,以期加强和完善我省小学教师继续教育工作,有力地促进教师教育的改革与发展。     

Teacher characteristics for success in the classroom: Chinese principals’ perceptions for hiring decisions

Two research questions guided this study of teacher selection: (a) What characteristics do Chinese principals look for when hiring teachers? And (b) what is the effect of participants’ gender, experience, or school location on perceived characteristics of effective teacher candidates in hiring? Both interviews and a questionnaire survey were used to collect data from a southwest city of Shandong Province, China. In this mixed design study, quantitative results were consistent with the qualitative results. Additionally, the study results are intended to help readers better understand school principals’ perceived characteristics of effective teachers in a Chinese context and provides a framework for future comparative research between China and the USA.

     

The appraisal of teachers' performance and its impact on the mutuality of principal-teacher emotions

The current study examines the mutual discrete emotions among superiors and their above- and below-average workers within a hierarchical organisation (school). Using a survey method within a random sample of 40 elementary schools in Northern Israel, each principal and four of his or her teachers (two who had been appraised as excellent and two who had been appraised as poor-performing) completed two questionnaires which addressed the teachers‘ perceived performance and emotions toward the principal/teacher. As expected, the above-average teachers were found to be more favourably professionally evaluated by their superiors than the poor-performing ones. The principals expressed very positive emotions toward them. These highly regarded workers shared mutually positive feelings and similar teacher performance appraisals with their principals. In contrast with the principals’ evaluations, the below-average teachers perceived their own performance as very good. Unlike the teachers' mainly positive feelings, the principals experienced mixed emotions. The lower intensity of emotional ‘tone’ reflects the principals’ hesitation about taking any action which might lead to a deterioration in relationships with these teachers. The discussion proposes the theoretical framework of a vicious circle, in which the principal's undelivered direct feedback does not reach the teacher, who mistakenly believes that if nothing is said everything is all right, and therefore maintains his or her high self-esteem and poor performance.     

Pilot evaluation of the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project in kindergartens in Hong Kong: A mixed method approach

This pilot study used a quasiexperimental design to evaluate the Whole Inclusive School Empowerment (WISE) project providing educational psychology services to kindergartens to support students with diverse learning needs. There were eight intervention kindergartens that received WISE educational psychology services and eight control kindergartens without the service. The intervention kindergartens were provided with a 0.125 educational psychologist and 0.7 teacher coordinator. In January and June 2017, teachers in intervention and control kindergartens completed questionnaires assessing student behavior, school readiness, and their own teaching efficacy. Focus group sessions involving teachers and school principals were conducted in July 2017. The results indicated a greater improvement in prosocial behavior and school readiness in intervention kindergartens compared with control kindergartens. Teachers and principals reported that they were better equipped in supporting diverse learning needs. The results provided initial evidence supporting the effectiveness of educational psychology services for kindergartens in improving student outcomes.     

教师职业生涯与师德建设

强化教师职业道德建设，造就一支高素质的师资队伍，是培养高素质人才的前提和基础。关系到国家的前途和民族的命运。教师职业道德建设的成效与教育目标的定位、教育内容的构成及教育过程中教师主体作用的发挥具有密切关系；而教师职业道德水平的不断提高又与是否建构同教师职业生涯发展相适应的师德建设体制相关。也受制于教师心理健康的水平。以此建构教师职业道德建设体制，才能造就高素质的师资队伍。     

Storied emotional distances in the relationships between beginning teachers and school principals

Recent research has acknowledged the importance of the relationships of school principals with beginning teachers. However, little is known about how emotions inform these relationships from the beginning teacher's side. Applying the concept of emotional geographies, this paper explores the kinds of storied emotional distances that appear in the relationships between beginning teachers and their principals. Based on interviews with beginning Japanese teachers, the results indicate that such relationships may be: (1) very direct and personal; (2) acted out indirectly by the principal as personal facilitator ‘behind the scenes’ or as public gatekeeper; or (3) mediated by the teacher community. The analysis reveals beginning teachers’ personal experiences of these relationships, as well as how such relationships are influenced by organisational and cultural context. Although principals are described as distant figures within the school organisation, they are seen to play an important role in facilitating beginning teachers’ work by connecting with them at a personal level and providing good working conditions by influencing the emotional atmosphere of the teacher community or by sheltering them from parental pressure.     

Discriminating between Competent and Not Yet Competent Beginning Teachers: an analysis of principals’ reports

Principals’ written assessments of 50 high school teachers whom they judged competent for full registration and 32 whom they judged not yet competent and in need of an extended period of provisional registration were analysed in terms of the characteristics used to describe and determine beginning teacher competence. It was found that principals consistently refer to a narrow range of characteristics when describing competent beginning teachers and focus on an even narrower range in deciding whether or not full registration should be granted. Characteristics that describe approaches to teaching are used most often in this regard. While the majority of beginning teachers possess an adequate knowledge base in their subject area, success in the first year of school experience hinges on the ability to communicate such knowledge and concepts to students. The need for further refinement of the appraisal process, including professional development programmes for principals, is highlighted.     

The Interfacing of Preservice and Inservice Experiences of Reform-Based Teaching: A Longitudinal Study

This article contrasts four elementary teachers who were graduates of a teacher education program that incorporated a reform-based mathematics methods course. The report provides results from a four-year longitudinal study that extended from the time that the participants were preservice teachers until the end of their second year of teaching. The article provides background information of each teacher, vignettes from her teaching, excerpts from interviews, and an analysis of each teacher's case. Results from the case studies indicate that two of the four teachers sustained their cognitively-based conceptions about mathematics teaching and learning, and implemented these conceptions into practice. The analysis suggests that there were several factors that influenced the teachers' conceptions and the choices they made in their teaching: personal commitment, professional strength, curriculum, planning, assessment, beliefs, knowledge, and support from school administration. The article concludes with implications for teaching and questions about the nature of what might be required in the beginning years of teaching if new teachers are expected to implement reform-based mathematics teaching practices. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

以开发创造力为目标的教师继续教育——深圳市中小学教师继续教育的目标设计

中小学教师继续教育应以开发教师的创造力为目标。开发教师创造力是社会发展和教育改革发展的客观要求,也是教师自身发展的内在需要;而教师继续教育则为教师创造力的开发提供了条件和可能性。本文提出以开发创造力为目标的教师继续教育基本模式构想:个别开发指导和学校资助服务,其特点是以个别指导、能力训练、自主学习为主,以培训院校课堂面授、教师工作所在学校集中活动为辅。     

Enacting instructional leadership: perspectives and actions of public K-12 principals

This article’s purpose is to highlight the perspectives and actions of urban, public school K-12 principals who are noted for prioritising instructional leadership. Grounded in the conceptual framework of agency, I examined the work experiences of 18 New York City public school principals nominated by supervisors, colleagues, trained educational consultants, parents, and students through a four-phase qualitative study consisting of interviews, time surveys, document review, and observations with participants. In order to uphold instructional leadership, analysis highlighted that participants assumed agency by engendering perspectives and actions that viewed instructional leadership as: grounded in learning, influenced by teachers/staff, requiring time and planning for principals and teachers/staff, and calls for teacher/staff empowerment.