On Implicit Information Translation of Shakespeare’ s Works from the Perspective of Relevance Theory:In the Case of Zhu’ s Translation and Liang’ s Translation

The Relevance Theory put forward by Sperber and Wilson not only gives rise to a new research on pragmatics, but also provides a new theoretic foundation for other disciplines. Gutt applies the theory to translation and gives a relevance-theoretic account of translation. The relevance-theoretic communicative model provides rational explanation for existence of the implicit information. The appropri ate treatment of the implicit information is consistent with readers’ cognitive environment and expectation. Human communication de pends on not only the text, but also the inferential context. The adequate contextual effect is derived from the correct judgment and infer ence of the implicit information in communication. Therefore, the translator should match the original author’ s intention with target text readers’ expectation to make sure that they yield adequate contextual effects with appropriate processing efforts. Implicitness is one of the features of Shakespeare’ s works. It is more demanding for the translators to catch and transfer to the target readers the implicit information. Zhu Shenghao and Liang Shiqiu, the two famous translators adopt different translation strategies to deal with the implicit information in the works.     

A Study of Su Mansu’s Literary Translation and His Translation Principles

Su Manshu was a writer and translator in modern China. In addition to his fruitful literary creation, in the aspect of translation, he translated a lot of poetry in English literature, Hugo‘s Les Miserable’s and also some Indian literary works. He is good at making use of old verses to translate poetry. As to translation principles, he advocates "translation without increasing", "translation without increasing ornaments," and practices the method of "translation according to the source text context".     

The Comparison and Contrast of Skopostheorie and Baker’s Equivalence Translation Approach

Equivalence can be said to be the central issue in translation although its different approaches have caused heated controversy.However,as early as the 1970s,the Skopostheorie emerged in Germany,and it seemed to challenge the equivalence theories.Although Nida and some linguistics raised some negative problems of this theory,it still rapidly became famous around the world,This article will mainly compare and analyse Skopostheorie and Baker’s translation equivalence approach.First,it will give a simple overview of these two approaches.Second,it will discuss the relevant strengths and weaknesses of these two approaches in relation to their usage.Finally,it will discuss combining these two approaches in the same translation.     

Translator’s Subjectivity in Science and Technology Translation

Science and technology translation involves various industries and professions,with its own system of terminology and unique language features.For a translator,who is not a professional scientist or technician,it seems to be difficult to do science and technology translation accurately and properly.Consequently,it is necessary for the translator to give play to his subjectivity when translating science and technology documents or related interpretation:searching for related data to replenish necessary professional knowledge,consulting with professional technicians actively to clarify the jargon and common sayings,and thinking critically to scrutiny the source text.     

A Discussion on Edwin Gentzler’s Attitude towards Eugene Nida’s Translation Theory

Eugene Nida was a linguist who developed the dynamic-equivalence translation theory.As a comparative literature and transla tion scholar from a younger generation,Edwin Gentzler examines the main points of Nida’s translation theory from a deconstructionist perspective and challenges Nida’s authority as a pioneer in the fields of translation theory.The paper analyzes Gentzler’s criticism against Nida’s work.     

The Critical Study On Xu Yuanchong’s Theory of Metrical Translation

Background:Xu Yuanchong,one of the most eminent translators of Chinese poetry in English rhyme,adhered to the metrical translation which emphasizes transferring the rhyme of the original poem into the translation of target language.But it has limitations.Meth ods:This essay was conducted in qualitative research method.It identified and reflected on some negative impacts caused by improper met rical translation and summarized the factors which confine it from the aspect of phonology,semantics and syntax.It tried to figure out the limitations of the metrical translation through examples by analyzing the linguistic features of the language and imagery effect of the translat ed poetries.Result:Another translation methods was introduced-free/blank verse translation to solve the deficiencies lied in the metrical translation.     

An Analysis of Hamlet’s Soliloquy

Hamlet’s soliloquy shows the inner studying of the idealist hero to the most extent, the inner contradiction is derived to the summit in this soliloquy, and also these inner characteristics eventually cause the sad ending of the hero. It embodies the everlasting subject of human society—the conflicts between person and destiny, and the thinking of individual during puzzle Dom.     

Comparisons between Liang Shiqiu’s and Zhu Shenghao’s Hamlet from the Perspective of Translator’s Subjectivity

For the Chinese versions of Hamlet, Liang Shiqiu’s and Zhu Shenghao’s translations can be called the classic. Because the two great translators have their own choices, their versions differ a lot. In the translating process, translator’s subjectivity plays an important role and it is one of the major reasons for emerging different translation. The thesis mainly talks about Liang Shiqiu’s and Zhu Shenghao’s different versions from the perspective of translator’s subjectivity by comparison.     

An Analysis of Pecola’s Tragic Fate in The Bluest Eye

In The Bluest Eye,the author narrates a little black girl’s strong desire to have blue eyes.At last,Pecola imagines possessing blue eyes at the cost of going insane.This paper mainly argues that it is the family’s influence,the internalized racism and the whites’powerful and dominant culture that leads to Pecola’s tragic fate.     

Study on the Translation of Puns in Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland from the Perspective of the Functional Equivalence Theory

Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland is a world-famous masterpiece in children’s literature.The adventure stories in the novel deeply attract the child readers in different countries in the world.The use of puns in the work adds to its aesthetic value.In China,many scholars have translated it.The research topic is the application of Nida’s theory of functional equivalence in the pun translation in children’s literature work Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland and the degree of equivalence in Wu Juntao’s translation.The person who does the research has read the original work and the translator Wu Juntao’s translation of this book,analyzed the translation of puns in the book,read the relevant journal articles on the theory of functional equivalence and thought about the academic views in them.On the basis of text reading,translation analysis and reference analysis,the following conclusion has been made:According to the basic points in the theory,in the work,Wu Juntao’s translation of the puns has basically achieved the equivalence between the original text and the target text in readers’responses,language style and language meaning.     

Women’s Language or Powerless Language:A Study of Couples’ Talk

The purpose of this essay is to study whether the linguistic behaviour of adult women using hedging and tags as indicative of an intrinsically tentative gender identity or of the effects of male dominant position through analyzing daily conversations of the heterosexual couples.The small scale study employs the methodology,namely,recording spontaneous and natural spoken conversation from authentic interaction with the permission of the ten male-female couples.Digital record pen with an omnidirectional microphone are placed in the central living area of each couple’s home.Then discourse analysis provides data making it possible to support Fishman’s claim that women use tag questions and ’you know’ not because women are not being really sure of themselves,or are looking to the addressee for confirmation,but because men in a dominant position often refuse to take responsibility for the smooth conduct of interpersonal relations,women use tag questions and ’you know’ to elicit and maintain conversations.     

An Empirical Study of Senior One High School Students’Cognitive Strategies in Learning English Vocabulary

The present research aims to find out (1) the general vocabulary learning beliefs of Senior One high school students in Guang zhou; (2) the general vocabulary cognitive strategies adopted by Senior One high school students in Guangzhou; (3) the differences be tween successful English learners and unsuccessful English learners in adopting cognitive strategies in their English vocabulary learning. A cohort of 68 Senior One high school students participate in the research. The results of the investigation show that the notion that vocabu lary should be learnt in context and through using is shared by the majority, that the most frequently used vocabulary cognitive strategies are inferencing, note-taking, contextualization and resourcing, that there is no significant difference between the successful English learners and the unsuccessful English learners in using identical vocabulary cognitive strategies.     

The Translation of Metonymy in Li Bai’s Poems from a Cognitive Linguistic Perspective

Metonymy is not only regarded as a figure of speech,but also an important cognitive instrument of human beings.There are many types of metonymies in Li Bai’s poems.Metonymy can make the language vivid and reflect poet’s mode of knowing and thinking about the world.This paper proposes five strategies for translation of metonymy in Li Bai’s poems from the perspective of cognitive linguis tics.     

A Study of Code-Switching in Students’ Talk in College English Class

Code-switching between English and Chinese usually occurs in students’ talk when they are involved in taking communicative language activities in college English class. This paper studies the situations in which students are likely to use codeswitching and analyzes it from the perspective of the mental world in Verscheren’s Adaptation Theory. It shows that inadequate mastery of English language, cultural differences and the improper adjustment to context may lead to students’ using of codeswitching. It also shows that the use of code-switching in students’ talk adapts to students’ cognitive elements and emotive elements as well.     

A Study of the Problems in College Students’ Oral English Practice

In recent years,as we all know that English is spreading and using widely in china.It has developed from monotonous language and knowledge to multiple and compositive language and knowledge.For example,the level four and the level eight test of English major and the level four and level six text of non-English major is also reforming.They usually major in reading before,but with the time going on,they need all the students to apply the ability of listening,reading,writing and speaking all in one.Spoken language is the most unsubstantial link all of these days.Of cause,it’s reflected in English teaching,it makes spoken language an unsubstantial link in College English Teaching.     

An Empirical Study on the Students’ Motivation and Attitudes Who Take Esp Optional Courses

The learners’ motivation and attitude toward English for Specific Purposes(ESP) is always an influential element for the quality of ESP course.Teachers should at first get to know the learners’ motivation and attitude toward this course so as to teach the course well.Therefore,by means of questionnaire survey on the students’ motivation and attitudes who took accounting English in M University as their elective course during the next term in 2009,and through qualitative study,such as interviews,diary and classroom observation on the accounting English choosers in the next term in 2010,some conclusions are discovered that there are about 4 factors and 3 variables among the students’ motivations,and their attitudes toward this course is positive in general.Both accounting and English are their learning targets,and oral English and translation are their favors.The combination of blackboard-writing and multimedia technology is preferred than any of the other single teaching models.But the shortage of class hours and the lack of systematic arrangement also affect the students’ motivation and their learning efficiency.     

A Study on the Pragmatic Strategies of Foreign Ministry Spokesperson’s Remarks

As an important diplomacy activity,Foreign Ministry spokesperson’s remarks represent national image and foreign pol icy of a country which is absolutely significant.This article would analyze the pragmatic strategies of Foreign Ministry spokesper son’s remarks from the perspective of journalist’s questioning types and spokesperson’s answering types in order to get a clear idea about how spokesperson tactfully employing pragmatic strategies to handle tough questions and safeguard national interests.     

Corpus-based Study on the use of "really" in Chinese Students’ Writing

This corpus-based study aims to explore if the high frequently used word "really" is at a risk of overused,underused or misused in the writing of Chinese learners.Then draw attention on English learning and teaching and raise learners’ awareness of the structural and collocation complexity of words.     

An Analysis of Mystical Experience in Sophy’ s Hysterical Hallucination in Darkness Visible

In William Golding’ s Darkness Visible,Sophy’ s experience of " hysterical hallucination" plays an important role in the the matic expression.They point directly to the evil nature of man.Although the specific content of hallucinations is different,they possess a common characteristic-mystical experience.They worth further research.This paper examines Sophy’ s mystical experience in her hyster ical hallucination,so as to find out the functions of mystical experience and its influences on the novel’ s thematic expression.     

A Contrastive Study of the Heroines in A Doll’s House and Macbeth

A Doll’s House and Macbeth obviously belong to different categories in content. However, the two heroines in these two plays, Nora Helmer and Lady Macbeth, demonstrate similar feminist qualities. By staging an overall contrastive analysis on the personality and tragic life of two protagonists from the perspective of feminism, it is founded that both of them are victims oppressed by the patriarchal system and they all have feminine consciousness against this system. Nevertheless, their distinctive complex personalities and different story settings make the reasons for their rebellion differ in many ways and they end up with different endings.