Hypoglycaemic effects of caraway seeds and its oil in rats

Hypoglycaemic effects of caraway seeds, and the aqueous extract, petroleum ether extract and methanolic extract of the defatted marc were studied on normoglycaemic as well as hyperglycaemic rats. Further the effect of caraway seeds was also studied on serum insulin level. A significant decrease in blood glucose with corresponding increase in insulin was observed with 3 g/kg of the seeds powder in normoglycaemic rats. It also improved glucose tolerance of the animal by increasing insulin secretion response to glucose load. The aqueous and methanolic extracts did not show any effect. The dose dependent decrease in blood glucose was observed with petroleum ether extract (caraway seed oil) in normoglycaemic rats. Moreover, the oil also improved glucose tolerance in the animal. The effects were similar to those observed with tolbutamide (0.5 g/kg) but of longer duration. It is suggested that the hypoglycaemic effect of caraway seeds is through pancreas and the active principle is in oily fraction only.     

Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

BackgroundDiabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by defects in insulin production and activity. During disease progression, changes in lipid peroxidation cause structural modifications via production of free radicals. Fangchinoline is a well-known alkaloid present in Stephaniae tetrandrine S. Moore, which has demonstrated antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities.ResultsThe present study analyzed the anti-diabetic and antioxidant effects of fangchinoline in male rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats were divided into the following groups: normal control, diabetic, diabetic + fangchinoline 100 mg/kg, diabetic + fangchinoline 200 mg/kg and diabetic + glibenclamide 600 µg/kg. The treatment was administered orally for 45 consecutive days. Lipid peroxidation was substantially increased by >50% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. However, fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced lipid peroxidation to near normal levels. Reactive oxygen species levels were substantially increased by >500% in the serum, as well as the liver, kidney, and heart tissues of diabetic rats. Fangchinoline supplementation reduced reactive oxygen species to near normal levels. Fangchinoline supplementation significantly improved superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels in diabetic rats. Total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose were increased in diabetic rats, whereas fangchinoline supplementation significantly reduced these total hexoses, sialic acid, hexosamines, and fucose to near normal levelsConclusionsSupplementation with fangchinoline led to significant attenuation of the levels of lipid peroxidation, ROS, and glycoprotein components such as total hexoses, hexosamines, sialic acid, and fucose, while improving antioxidant marker levels.How to cite: Xia J, Huang W, Zhou F. Effect of fangchinoline on oxidant status in male albino rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.07.005     

Hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of tulsi (Ocimum sanctum linn) on streptozotocin induced diabetes in rats

Effect of oral administration of 200 mg/Kg body weight of the aqueous extract ofOcimum sanctum (Tulsi) mixed with diet for eight weeks to diabetic (streptozotocin induced) rats was studied. There was significant reduction in fasting blood glucose, serum lipid profile, lipid peroxidation products, (LPO) and improvement in glucose tolerance. The aqueous extract also decreased LPO formation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances TBARS) and increased antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GT) and one antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH) in plasma and rat liver, lung, kidney and brain. The decrease in TBARS and increase in GSH, SOD, CAT, GPX, and GT clearly shows the antioxidant property ofOcimum sanctum.     

三元能量导入冬小麦幼龄种子的遗传变异研究

将三元能量导入小麦花增５６的幼龄种子。Ｙ１代有少量变异；Ｙ２代出现大量的变异分离；Ｙ３代大多数侏系继续分离，个别株系的主要性状趋于稳定。三元能量导入幼龄种子对变异率、变异性状分布特点、遗传力、遗传进度等方面的研究结果表明，三元能量导入能产生广泛的性状变异，但又有别于有性杂交和突变育种，具有自身的特点。据此，从育种学的角度，对三元能量导入引起的遗传变异及在育种中的利用展开了讨论。     

Effect of ageing on some free radical scavengers and the metabolic consequences in rats

Activities of antioxidant enzymes involved oxygen free radical metabolism in the liver and lung were investigated in 2,4, and 30 months old Wistar albino rats. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px, GSH and protein-SH were decreased whereas MDA increased, in the liver as well as the lung of the old rats (30 months old) compared to the young rats (2 and 4 months old). The data suggests that the failure of the free radical protective mechanism may be one of the important contributors to the process of ageing.     

A study of cortisol and certain metabolites in some chronic stress-disorders

Present study, involved two groups of chronic stress disorders, e.g. bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical investigations were launched on the blood samples of human subjects in which the levels of plasma cortisol, blood glucose, total plasma protein and serum cholesterol were assayed in diseased and normal control subjects. Observations in-vitro exhibited a notable change in the levels of all the biochemical parameters in patients of chronic disorders with respect to those of normal controls. The biochemical changes in asthmatics were comparatively more pronounced than those of rheumatoid arthritis patients. It reveals that bronchial asthma is an acute and early onset disorder because with chronicity of stressful events, there is a decline in stress response since hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is not so competent to undergo major remodelling of its circuitry necessary for homeostatic maintanence.     

Effect of herbal drug on serum lipid profile in albino rabbits

Abana, a herbal preparation of Himalaya Drug Co. significantly increases HDL—cholesterol and lowers LDL—cholesterol. Moreover, it antagonises the HDL lowering effect of metoprolol.     

若干西方国家评估规范的特点与模式

对北美、欧洲及大洋洲等一些国家评估协会以及欧盟委员会、OECD组织的评估规范进行了系统综述,介绍了各国评估规范的发展历史、制定过程,及其相互之间的关系,并且进行了对比分析。最后,归纳了这些国家评估规范的不同特点与三种基本模式。     

广西某低品位难选氧化锰矿选矿试验研究

根据广西某低品位氧化锰矿石原矿性质特点,试验采用两矿法酸浸及强磁选方案比较。酸浸试验显示锰浸出率高达94.89%;强磁选获得的试验指标：锰品位22.11%、MnO2品位28.01%、锰回收率70.40%。     

A clinical study on cortisol and certain metabolites in some chronic psychosomatic disorders

Present clinical study involved two groups of psychosomatic disorders, bronchial asthma and rheumatoid arthritis. In the study, the levels of plasma cortisol, blood glucose, total cholesterol and triglycerides were estimated in 125 clinical subjects, (50 normal controls, and 40 having bronchial asthma and 35 suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. The results showed a significant change in the levels of plasma cortisol and blood glucose in both the stressed clinical groups' vis-à-vis normal controls. The levels of atherogenic lipids (total cholesterol and triglycerides) were found quite elevated in both the diseased groups. However, in rheumatoid arthritis, the physiological changes were relatively more pronounced. The findings of this study indicate that rheumatoid arthritis is a relatively more chronic and late onset disorder as the functional performance of hypothalamopituitary-adrenocortical axis gradually declines with passage of time and the ability of the adrenocortical response to return to normalcy becomes impaired.     

豆科黄华属植物种子表面特征的研究

 在扫描电镜下观察了豆科黄华属Thermopsis 18种植物种子的表面纹饰,发现 T．alpina,T.bar- bata,T．inflata,T．lupinoides,T. licentiana,T.smithiana和T．turkestanica的种子表面为粗网状,T californica,T.divaricarpa,T. macrophylla,T．mollis的种子表面为细网状,T.gracilis,T.montana,T. fabacea的种子表面为相对平滑型纹饰,T．alterniflora的种子表面为不规则条形,T．chinensis的种子表 面为粘膜状,T.rhombifolia的种子表面为条形及 T．viuosa的种子表面为碎屑状纹饰。结果表明黄华属的种子表面特征对属下类群的划分有一定意义,对澄清某些混乱的种有一定价值。     

湖北省内的部分国家重点实验室与同类实验室的比较研究

国家重点实验室是国家为提高基础研究水平,提升国家的创新能力和科技竞争力而采取的通过投资建设及直接和间接管理的国家级科学研究基地。本文将湖北省内部分国家重点实验室与国内其他实验室进行分学科领域的比较,为湖北省充分发挥国家重点实验室的作用、形成知识创新高地,从而有力促进科技创新体系的构建和原始创新能力的提升提供了现实依据。     

Effect of spironolactone on acid and alkaline phosphatase in the testes of albino rat

The biological activity of the mineralocorticoid antagonist, spironolactone depend upon its metabolism. In this study the effect of diuretic drug compound spironolactone on the acid and alkaline phosphatase in the testes of albino rat. The drug spironolactone was administered orally daily for 7^th, 14^th and 21^st days at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. Among them, the side effects of drug are that the degradation of alkaline phosphatase in the testes; while acid phosphatase increased significantly may be due to 7a-thiospironolactone is a tissue metabolite of spironolactone and may contribute to the testicular enzymes, therapeutic actions and some other side effects. It is suggested that the decrease and increase of alkaline and acid phosphatase in the testes of albino rat are the due to the side effects of spironolactone drug compound.     

Role of oxidative stress in ethanol induced germ cell apoptosis — An experimental study in rats

The study was undertaken to evaluate the possible involvement of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ethanol induced testicular atrophy in rats. Adult male rats were orally administered ethanol at a dose of 1.6 g/kg body weight/day for four weeks. Twenty-four hours after the last treatment the rats were sacrificed using anesthetic ether. Testes were removed and weighed. Apoptosis was studied by using the Feulgen reaction on 5 μ thin paraffin sections of testis. Testicular homogenate was prepared and centrifuged. The supernatant was used for the estimation of extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense status. There was significant reduction in body weight: and in testicular weight and diameter in ethanol treated rats. Extent of germ cell apoptosis was significantly high in ethanol treated rats. Ethanol treated rats showed significantly high tissue TBARS level and glutathione S-transferase activity; and low tissue ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities. Chronic ethanol administration resulted in high oxidative stress in the testes either due to increased extent of lipid peroxidation or due to decreased antioxidant defenses, and thereby induces germ cell apoptosis leading to testicular atrophy.     

三种针法对PCPA失眠大鼠神经行为学影响的对照研究

目的:探讨PCPA失眠大鼠认知功能的改变,失眠穴方针刺、脐内环穴针刺及二者合方针刺对PCPA失眠大鼠认知功能的影响,并进行针法优选。方法:50只经过造模、筛选的PCPA失眠大鼠,随机分模型组、脐内环针刺组、失眠穴方针刺组、脐内环合失眠穴方针刺组和安定对照组各10只,另外10只正常大鼠为正常组。脐内环针刺组采用针刺脐内环穴五脏点;失眠穴方组采用针刺双侧神门、支沟、足三里、三阴交穴;脐内环合失眠穴方组针刺以上两组穴位;安定对照组采用安定灌胃处理;模型组和正常组均不予特殊处理。应用Morris水迷宫评价组大鼠认知功能的变化。结果:(1)PCPA失眠大鼠存在学习、再学习和记忆保留能力的全面认知功能损害;(2)在隐蔽平台,三种针法均显示改善学习的能力,但脐内环合失眠穴方针刺组出现疗效最早、稳定和持久,具有疗效优势;(3)在反向试验、探索试验上,三种针法中,只有脐内环合失眠穴方针法改善PCPA失眠大鼠再学习能力和记忆保留能力具有统计学意义;(4)可视平台中,六组在平均潜伏期、平均速度上均无差异。结论:PCPA失眠大鼠存在全面的认知功能障碍,脐内环穴针刺和失眠穴方针刺均有一定程度的改善PCPA失眠大鼠认知功能障碍,作用与安定药物相当;而脐内环合失眠穴方针法起全面改善PCPA失眠大鼠认知功能障碍作用,明显优于安定药物,是实验优选方法。     

彩椒引种试验简报

彩椒是近一二年来才在拉萨市场出现，且种植面积很小的一种特莱。对全区农业产业结构调整提供新优蔬菜品种，我们于2001年引进了几种彩椒品种，通过试验进行系统观察，筛选出VALENCIA、BLONDY及黄星一号这三个品种的综合性状优良的彩椒品种。     

Effect of thiazide drug compound on the testicular protein and cholesterol contents of albino rat

In this study the effect of thiazide diuretic compound on the protein and cholesterol contents in the testes of albino rats as the experimental model. The drug thiazide was administered orally daily for 10,20 and 30 days at the dose of 100mg/kg body weight. Total protein decrease in the testes of rats were evidenced may be due to the side effects of thiazide drug compound which is linked with the hyponatremia and protein metabolism. An elevated level of cholesterol contents observed in thiazide treated rats also revealed that the side effect of drug compound thiazide and also may be due to the stimulation of catecholamine which is stimulated therefore, the biochemical estimation such as protein and cholesterol in the testes after the thiazide treatment determined the effectiveness of diuretic drug compound would provide clinical evidences of their side effects.