美国公共研发项目外资公司参与政策研究

在跨国公司研发国际化和科技资源国际流动日益频繁的发展背景下,外资公司参与公共研发计划是成为挑战科技政策制定者的重要议题.自20世纪80年代开始,美国联邦政策就试图采取一系列的政策和制度措施应对外资公司参与的政策挑战,并且通过20余年的政策实践逐步确立了带有鲜明美国特色的外资公司参与公共研发制度.通过回溯20世纪80年代美国所面临的研发国际化和贸易保护主义的重要背景,分析公共研发项目外资公司参与的制度背景,并全面整理美国联邦机构对于外资公司参与的差异化政策立场,评述以美国外资公司参与公共研发制度为重点的政策研究路径,系统研究美国公共研发项目外资参与政策的基本特点,以期为我国制定相关政策提供借鉴参考.     

论舆论在科技政策制定过程中的作用

本文详细阐述了舆论的含义及分类 ,提出了舆论在科技政策制定过程中的作用方式和途径 ,指出我们应该充分重视舆论在科技政策制定中的作用 ,而且这也是以往科技政策制定中被忽视的方面 ,因而加强对舆论的研究对我国科技政策的制定具有重大的现实意义     

论基因技术共同体的社会责任

从伦理学视野揭示基因技术共同体的特殊本质,并以现代基因技术的发展趋势为立论基点,站在发展伦理学和责任伦理学立场上,建构了基因技术共同体的实践伦理原则及行为规范。     

论技术决策中的公众参与

公众参与已经成为近年来欧美国家技术决策中的重要内容。本文对公众参与技术决策的合法性与障碍、基本条件进行了论述,接着评析了公众参与技术决策的四种模式,并在此基础上阐释了当前欧美国家在技术决策过程中用于吸纳公众参与的主要实施工具。最后,本文对我国公众参与技术决策的问题进行了思考。     

公共科技基础条件平台建设与政策探讨

文章论述了公共科技基础条件平台的内函,设计了云南省公共科技基础条件平台的建设构架,分析了平台建设的现状及问题;提出了“十一五”期间云南省科技基础条件平台建设的思路、主要任务及实施重点和布局;并提出了加快平台建设的对策建议。     

Beyond broadcasting: the digital future of public service broadcasting

This article looks at the impact of digitization on television. Early treatments of digital television (DTV) have become outdated by technical and market developments. This paper reviews these developments and reconsiders the public policy and regulatory issues surrounding DTV, particularly with respect to public service broadcasting in Europe. Convergence trends are examined and we find that it happens, but differently than expected. This raises serious doubts concerning whether current models and conceptualizations of public service broadcasting can address future challenges of pluralism and diversity if they remain constrained by traditional understandings of broadcasting.     

新技术食品安全与公众参与——以北京市民对转基因食品的公众参与状况的调查为例

通过对北京市市民在新技术食品安全领域的公众参与状况的实证调查,总结我国新技术食品安全领域中公众参与状况的现状。参与的层次分别有:公众接受新技术食品安全教育、公众参加新技术食品安全宣传和新技术食品公益活动、公众参加新技术食品安全监督。发现我国的新技术食品领域公众参与状况存在自发性、被动性的特点,对新技术食品安全领域中公众参与机制模式以及政策导向提出建议。     

一种由需求驱动的信息技术创新与扩散政策生成体系

分析了信息技术创新扩散的因果关系。认为 ,IT市场的信息不完全性、市场结构、信息技术网络外特性 ,是决定信息技术创新扩散的原因。针对传统的、单一的以信息技术R&D为目标的IT政策 ,或单一的面向扩散的信息技术政策 ;提出了一种由信息技术市场需求驱动的、协调信息技术供应商、信息技术潜在接受者、信息技术政策决策者关系的IT政策产生系统及其输出 ,其目的在于调节信息技术扩散速率 ,使其达到Pareto意义下的最优扩散路径 ,并详细地分析了该信息技术政策体系的结构与原理。     

公众参与基础设施项目的影响因素分析

在现实中,公众参与基础设施项目的实现和参与程度受到多种因素的影响,主要包括个体因素和周围环境因素,具体包括政治因素、经济因素、家庭因素、公众需求层次、公众意见被接受程度、公众社会心理以及参与成本与效益关系等。     

民营经济参与BOT项目的策略研究

我国民营经济改革开放以来。发展迅速,已经具备了参与BOT项目的能力。但是近年来我国在采用BOT模式时,民营经济常处于被动的地位。就此问题分析了民营经济参与BOT项目的可行性,并提出了相应的解决对策。     

Determinants of participation in an Inuit online community of practice

An online community of practice (OCoP) is an important tool for managing and disseminating knowledge within a community. Unfortunately, research shows that OCoPs are often unsuccessful due to lack of participation by members of the community. This paper describes a preliminary investigation of the determinants that impact participation in an OCoP within an Inuit community. An open-ended interview questionnaire was developed and members of the Inuit community were interviewed. Our results show lack of time as the main barrier to participation. Our study also reveals an interest by many members of the Inuit community in being involved in the development of the OCoP. The Inuit have a strong culture built on knowledge sharing, and this allows for open conversations and greater trust within the community. In a culture built and sustained by knowledge sharing, we strongly believe that an OCoP can be a valuable tool, provided the right steps are taken to facilitate and encourage participation.     

发挥环境NGOs在公众参与环境影响评价中的作用

公众参与环境影响评价（En）是提高决策科学性和民主性的一项重要制度,必须开辟公众参与EIA的实际渠道。文章从公众参与EIA的层次和存在问题这两个角度,论述了环境NGOs在公众参与EIA中的作用,并指出国家应该通过法律规定等手段为环境NGOs提供更广阔的活动空间,使公众参与EIA真正得到实施。     

Rhetoric, power and legitimacy: a critical analysis of the public policy disputes surrounding stem cell research in Australia (2005-6)

In December 2006, the Australian Parliament liberalized regulation governing stem cell research. This decision and preceding legislative review generated considerable public debate, which centred on objections to the deliberate creation and destruction of human embryos for research purposes. This paper draws on qualitative research conducted on the public debate surrounding this policy episode. The aim of this research was to examine how science and scientific knowledge are mobilized by participants in these debates to support their arguments. Data were collected from 109 newspaper opinion editorials as well as 23 in-depth interviews and examined using qualitative content and thematic analysis. Results of this analysis depict science as a rhetorical, moral and political resource that provides opportunities for participants to gain legitimacy, negotiate meaning and assert authority in the public domain. The mobilization of science in public discourse is discussed along with suggestions that are aimed at encouraging greater transparency and inclusiveness in public debates around contested science and emergent technologies.     

Visions and versions of governing biomedicine: narratives on power structures, decision-making and public participation in the field of biomedical technology in the Austrian context

In recent years, governance and public participation have developed into key notions within both policy discourse and academic analysis. While there is much discussion on developing new modes of governance and public participation, little empirical attention is paid to the public's perception of models, possibilities and limits of participation and governance. Building on focus group data collected in Austria within the framework of a European project, this paper explores lay people's visions and versions of government, governance and participation for two biomedical technologies: post-natal genetic testing and organ transplantation. Building on this analysis, we show that people situate their assessments of public participation against the background of rather complex lay models of the governance and government of the respective technology. Because these models are very different for the two technologies, participation also had very different connotations, which were deeply intertwined with each socio-technical system. Building on these findings we argue for a more technology-sensitive approach to public participation.     

Strengthening the management of public research policy in Italy

This paper deals with the general problem of public support of R&D at the national level. After a survey of public research policy in Italy, the fundamental theoretical aspects of a public research strategy are analyzed and discussed. Then attention is focused on the possibilities of defining and implementing policies able to induce a multiplier effect on reality. The third aspect examined concerns management at micro-level. i.e. administrative sophistication, financial efficiency and coordination among public agencies. Finally, conclusions and recommendations to strengthen management of public research policy are drawn.     

Re-examining medical modernization: framing the public in Finnish biomedical research policy

Despite recent evidence that suggests that knowledge production within the medical community is increasingly based on knowledge-making coalitions or what some have called the co-production of knowledge, there remains a strong expert led policy agenda in many countries in relation to human genome research. This article reports on the role of experts in defining the scope of discussion in relation to the biomedical use of human tissue sample collections or biobanks in Finland using the case of the Genome Information Center. It is argued that the rhetorical strategies should not be understood simply as subversive tactics, but rather as ways of engaging the public within particular contexts of creating commercial expectations and visions which are easier to negotiate from a policy perspective.     

Public bioethics and publics: consensus, boundaries, and participation in biomedical science policy

Public bioethics bodies are used internationally as institutions with the declared aims of facilitating societal debate and providing policy advice in certain areas of scientific inquiry raising questions of values and legitimate science. In the United States, bioethical experts in these institutions use the language of consensus building to justify and define the outcome of the enterprise. However, the implications of public bioethics at science-policy boundaries are underexamined. Political interest in such bodies continues while their influence on societal consensus, public debate, and science policy remains ambiguous. This article presents a theoretical discussion of public bioethics bodies as boundary organizations and examines them in terms of relationship to the moral and cognitive authority of science and other forms of expertise, mechanisms for public participation in controversial science policy, and the deployment of consensus models. The theoretical discussion is examined in the case of the U.S. Human Embryo Research Panel.     

政府网站公众参与的渠道和运行机制研究

本文论述政府网站公众参与的渠道,研究了政府网站公众参与渠道的运行机制,分析了政府网站公众参与存在的问题并提出了对笼建议.     

试论我国公众参与环保法律制度建设

环境保护是利国利民的一项事业,需要公众的参与。我国政府对公众参与环保非常重视,但实践中公众参与环保尚存在诸多缺陷。文章着重就保障公众参与环保的法律制度建设方面提出了一些建议。     

公共政策评估标准初探

政策评估是构成公共政策不可缺少的重要步骤,政策评估关系到政策的执行和终止。采用客观公正的政策评估标准是检验政策成功的关键,针对公共政策及其活动全过程的各个环节的结果的价值所作的评估活动的政策评估标准的选择至关重要。尽管目前标准不一,但目标标准、投入标准、公平、公正标准、效率标准和公民参与、回应必不可少。