反刍思维影响自杀意念:理论支撑及作用机制

自杀意念指个体想要自杀的想法,对自杀意念影响因素的考察将有利于在认知上控制自杀风险。反刍思维作为一种沉浸式的认知反应方式,是探讨自杀意念产生与发展的新切入点。反应风格理论、自杀人际关系理论、自杀认知模型和动机-意志整合模型都能为反刍思维影响自杀意念提供理论支撑。未来除需要加深对二者行为作用机制的探讨外,还应增加追踪、对照研究设计和认知神经机制层面的探索,并加强反刍思维之于个体积极意义的考察。     

压力与中小学教师问题性手机的关系:健康焦虑和反刍思维的作用

对1,302名中小学教师进行问卷调查,探讨压力与教师问题性手机使用之间的关系,健康焦虑的中介作用及反刍思维的调节作用。结果发现:压力显著正向预测教师问题性手机使用;健康焦虑在压力与教师问题性手机使用之间起中介作用;压力随教师反刍思维水平的提高对健康焦虑和问题性手机使用的预测效应均呈现降低的趋势,健康焦虑随反刍思维水平的提高对问题性手机使用的预测效应呈升高的趋势。研究结果有利于揭示教师压力如何影响其问题性手机使用,为维护教师身心健康、预防问题行为具有一定的实践意义;有利于启发学者对反刍思维的作用机制进行更深入的理论和实证研究。     

大学生反刍思维对积极情绪和消极情绪的影响

采用反刍思维量表和积极情绪消极情绪量表对大学生进行问卷调查,探讨大学生反刍思维对积极情绪和消极情绪的影响。研究结果表明目前大学生反刍思维倾向普遍不严重;男女反刍思维倾向不存在显著性差异;来自农村的大学生比来自城镇的大学生的反刍思维倾向严重;反刍思维会使人产生消极情绪;反省深思对积极情绪的产生有一定促进作用。     

积极反刍思维训练对大学生社交焦虑的干预

为探讨基于积极反刍思维训练的团体辅导对大学生社交焦虑的干预效果,文章采用团体辅导的方法对11名在校大学生进行了6次连续的干预,结果显示,经过团体辅导后的大学生,社交焦虑和消极反刍思维明显下降,积极反刍思维明显提高。证明了积极反刍思维训练可以帮助社交焦虑的大学生形成积极的认知倾向,提高他们在社交时的积极感受,降低其消极思维和焦虑水平。     

反刍效应在化学教学中的应用

学生在用已有知识和经验解决化学问题时,往往存在强烈的思维定势。本文章着重阐述反刍效应如何能有效克服思维定势。根据反刍效应产生的主要原因,结合课堂教学实际,从三个层次来论述反刍效应在化学教学中的应用。     

大学生焦虑的预测源探究：反刍思维和A型人格

以西北民族大学的325名大学生为被试,采用反刍反应方式量表、A型行为量表和焦虑自评量表．探究反刍思维、A型人格对焦虑预测程度．结果表明：（1）反刍思维与焦虑呈显著正相关;A型人格的积极进取与焦虑呈显著负相关。急躁易怒与焦虑呈显著正相关;（2）反刍思维、A型人格对焦虑具备预测作用．     

职业女性反刍思维与自杀意念的关系:注意偏向的中介作用

以职业女性为研究对象,反刍思维反应量表(RRS)和Beck自杀意念量表中文版(BSI-CV)为测量工具,采用点探测任务,考察消极信息的注意偏向在职业女性反刍思维与自杀意念关系中的中介作用。研究结果发现:(1)对消极信息的注意偏向除与反省深思无显著相关(r=0.162,p>0.05)之外,与反刍思维总分、强迫思考、自杀意念之间的相关均显著;(2)对消极信息的注意偏向在反刍思维与自杀意念之间起部分中介作用;(3)对消极信息的注意偏向在强迫思考与自杀意念之间起部分中介作用,在反省深思与自杀意念之间不起中介作用。     

孤独感如何影响大学生睡眠质量——反刍思维的中介效应

高等教育高质量发展的研究中,对受教育主体生命质量即隐性层面的关注较少,而睡眠质量是大学生生命质量的基础,且进一步会影响到教育质量,亟须关注。基于443份河南省某5所高校的大学生问卷调查数据,本文采用结构方程模型分析反刍思维、孤独感对睡眠质量的作用机制。研究发现：后疫情时代大学生入睡困难、早醒状况较为明显,且睡眠质量在性别、家庭经济情况和学历层次上有显著差异。孤独感和反刍思维中的消极反刍思维可分别正向预测睡眠质量,且反刍思维中的消极反刍思维、积极反刍思维可分别作为孤独感与睡眠质量之间的中介变量。为减少大学生睡眠质量问题,提出有关建议：提升教学质量,减弱功利主义浸染,引导大学生提高积极反刍思维水平;增强教育活力,丰厚师生文化氛围,防止高孤独感大学生出现睡眠问题;注重自我调节,提供心理干预,通过减弱消极反刍思维来提升睡眠质量。     

大学生反刍思维与线上社交焦虑的关系研究

本研究以223名在校大学生为被试,采用问卷调查法探讨大学生反刍思维和线上社交焦虑的现状以及反刍思维与线上社交焦虑的关系。结果：大学生反刍思维和线上社交焦虑处于中下水平;线上社交焦虑存在显著的性别差异,女生线上社交焦虑高于男生;反刍思维可以正向预测线上社交焦虑。结论：大学生整体反刍思维呈现较为健康的特点且线上社交焦虑整体水平较低;女生比男生更容易产生线上社交焦虑;大学生反刍思维能直接影响线上社交焦虑。     

积极反刍思维训练对高职学生社交焦虑的影响分析

通过梳理相关文献总结反刍思维、社交焦虑的概念.以此为依据分析积极反刍思维与社交焦虑之间的关系,阐述积极反刍思维训练的理论依据,重点结合高职学生社交焦虑现状,从自我认知、明确优势、资源积累、积极暗示、价值观塑造、情绪调节、挫折面对、正念冥想八大方面探究以积极反刍思维训练缓解高职学生社交焦虑的有效方法,以供参考.     

科学技术思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分

邓小平科学技术思想是邓小平理论的重要组成部分，它不仅内容丰富，而且体系完整。邓小平科学技术思想发展了马克思主义科学技术思想的机理，集中体现了邓小平理论发展马克思主义理论的机理，前者是后者的缩影。在邓小平科学技术思想指导下，我国各族人民科学精神振奋，科技意识不断增强，在科技人才的培养、科技与教育的协调发展、先进科技的引进、科技推动经济社会协调发展等方面都取得了举世瞩目的巨大成就，这正体现了邓小平科学技术思想巨大的实践价值。     

大学生完美主义与抑郁的关系:沉思的中介作用

探讨大学生非适应性完美主义、适应性完美主义、沉思与抑郁的关系。采用FMPS中文版、RRS中文版、CES-D量表对800名大学生进行测量。结果表明,非适应性完美主义者倾向于用沉思的反应风格来应对负性情绪,从而产生抑郁;适应性完美主义对抑郁的负性预测作用不是以沉思为中介变量。     

Accounting for Rater Effects With the Hierarchical Rater Model Framework When Scoring Simple Structured Constructed Response Tests

Many large‐scale assessments are designed to yield two or more scores for an individual by administering multiple sections measuring different but related skills. Multidimensional tests, or more specifically, simple structured tests, such as these rely on multiple multiple‐choice and/or constructed responses sections of items to generate multiple scores. In the current article, we propose an extension of the hierarchical rater model (HRM) to be applied with simple structured tests with constructed response items. In addition to modeling the appropriate trait structure, the multidimensional HRM (M‐HRM) presented here also accounts for rater severity bias and rater variability or inconsistency. We introduce the model formulation, test parameter recovery with a focus on latent traits, and compare the M‐HRM to other scoring approaches (unidimensional HRMs and a traditional multidimensional item response theory model) using simulated and empirical data. Results show more precise scores under the M‐HRM, with a major improvement in scores when incorporating rater effects versus ignoring them in the traditional multidimensional item response theory model.     

学生成就目标定向的结构维度、理论依据及对学业发展的影响

成就目标定向是学习者目标达成的重要动力机制,有助于学生建立积极的学业倾向,促进学生发展和学业质量的提升。成就目标定向的结构早期被分解为"成绩目标"和"学习目标",并由此衍生出了"2×2结构"和"3×2结构"维度。研究依据行为动力学假说、自我效能感理论、成就动机理论和自我归因理论等阐释了成就目标定向的发生机制。研究认为,趋近目标定向可降低学生的考试焦虑程度,有助于提升个体语言技能;掌握目标定向有助于提升学生的学业成绩,激发学生的学习兴趣,并塑造学生的完美主义人格特质。未来的研究需开展大量的跨文化的比较研究,扩大研究对象的范畴,使用实验法等多元化的研究方法,验证成就目标定向结构模型的科学性,探明成就目标定向影响机理,强化教育干预与认知训练的实践研究,提升成就目标定向的应用价值。     

A Stepwise Test Characteristic Curve Method to Detect Item Parameter Drift

An important assumption of item response theory is item parameter invariance. Sometimes, however, item parameters are not invariant across different test administrations due to factors other than sampling error; this phenomenon is termed item parameter drift. Several methods have been developed to detect drifted items. However, most of the existing methods were designed to detect drifts in individual items, which may not be adequate for test characteristic curve–based linking or equating. One example is the item response theory–based true score equating, whose goal is to generate a conversion table to relate number‐correct scores on two forms based on their test characteristic curves. This article introduces a stepwise test characteristic curve method to detect item parameter drift iteratively based on test characteristic curves without needing to set any predetermined critical values. Comparisons are made between the proposed method and two existing methods under the three‐parameter logistic item response model through simulation and real data analysis. Results show that the proposed method produces a small difference in test characteristic curves between administrations, an accurate conversion table, and a good classification of drifted and nondrifted items and at the same time keeps a large amount of linking items.     

Modelling and stability analysis of emergent behavior of scalable swarm system

INTRODUCTION There is increasing interest in the dynamics andcontrol of group behavior of intelligent vehicularswarms, for example, systems of multiple unmannedair vehicles (UAVs). Research activity on this topichas benefited from the participation of experts fromareas as diverse as biology, physics and engineering.Familiar examples of group behavior in biology, suchas herds of animals, flocks of birds, and swarms ofinsects, have served as an important motivating factorin this research …     

让理想照进现实：马克思个人解放理论对当代中国的启示

马克思主义解放理论将终极价值指向放在现实的个人身上,目标就是自由个性的个人主体的历史生成。市场经济体制下的现实中国出现了个人生存发展问题的新问题。马克思的个人解放理论作为一种理想性的理论与我们的个人生活现实产生某种张力。如何将马克思个人解放理论的研究与现实的中国社会发展结舍、保障个人权利以加快个人的解放、推进马克思主义中国化的研究,是一个迫．切的问题。     

Combining IRT and SEM: A Hybrid Model for Fitting Responses and Response Certainties

This article proposes a model-based procedure, intended for personality measures, for exploiting the auxiliary information provided by the certainty with which individuals answer every item (response certainty). This information is used to (a) obtain more accurate estimates of individual trait levels, and (b) provide a more detailed assessment of the consistency with which the individual responds to the test. The basis model consists of 2 submodels: an item response theory submodel for the responses, and a linear-in-the-coefficients submodel that describes the response certainties. The latter is based on the distance-difficulty hypothesis, and is parameterized as a factor-analytic model. Procedures for (a) estimating the structural parameters, (b) assessing model–data fit, (c) estimating the individual parameters, and (d) assessing individual fit are discussed. The proposal was used in an empirical study. Model–data fit was acceptable and estimates were meaningful. Furthermore, the precision of the individual trait estimates and the assessment of the individual consistency improved noticeably.     

Future aspirations of urban adolescents: a person‐in‐context model

Recognizing the importance future aspirations play in the developmental outcomes of adolescents, this study illuminates the role that individual and contextual factors play in the formation of future aspirations among urban youth. The data for this study were collected prior to the implementation of an intervention program at an urban high school. Focus groups, questionnaires, goal maps and a group identity collage were employed to solicit the perspectives of urban adolescents about their future aspirations and the influences on them. Using a grounded theory methodology, the authors classified the multiple sources of data into a theoretical model of urban adolescents’ future aspirations. Participants’ voices, which were used to construct the theoretical model, are also provided here to vivify the model. This ‘person‐in‐context’ model encompasses both individual/contextual resources and barriers to the future aspirations of urban youth. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.