生成类型学视角下名词性领属结构的微观分析

利用句法制图和纳米句法理论对名词性领属结构的生成机制进行分析是一次新的尝试。类型学上领属结构的分类区别主要根据特定形态特征的存在（静默）与否，典型的是无标记型领属结构，它的特征核心是无声（silent）的，因此可以直接并置领有者和被领有者来表达领属关系，而德语一类的领属标记除具备领属特征，还有被领有者的数和人称特征，三种特征同时显现，它们的层级顺序为[PossP[NumP[PersonP]]]，这是领属标记的内部结构，整个领属结构的句法层级初步假设如下：[PossP[PRP[PMP]]]。     

衡阳方言的程度表示法

程度是事物在量上的差别，事物量的差别在衡阳话中有着丰富的表现形式，每一种形式在语义上、语用上或句法上受到相应的限制。以强程度、弱程度为视点，可以从不同层面将程度表现形式归结为：词法手段、句法手段；前加、后附；肯定、否定；固定格式。     

从一句古诗看汉语句法

从句法、语义、语用三个层面探讨汉语的句法规律。通过对韩愈4篇文章语句的统计，得出“施—动—受语序是无标记的形式，而非施—动—受语序的形式都是有标记的形式”的结论。同时，提出应以汉语表达某种客观现象之间的关系或主观对客观的现象之间的关系的基本句法形式作为讨论的出发点的观点。     

多重强式焦点共现句式

本文关注汉语中一个句子里有多个强式焦点的句式,指出焦点标记、焦点算子、唯量词和疑问代词四种焦点句法形式相互搭配可以出现18种类型的多重强式焦点句,这些句子里的多重焦点呈现明显的层次性,句法层次高的焦点强度也相对高,唯量词和焦点标记形式也对强弱有制约作用。     

句法的中介作用及其缺失的原因

本文探讨了句法在英语交际中的中介作用，同时从理论上解释了国内外短语敏感文本和普通文本对比实验的结果，并从语言能力发展的角度，分析了句法作用缺失的原因是句法知识没有从陈述性和知识转化为程度性知识。     

全句否定范畴标记的类型学特征

添加否定标记是句法对全句否定范畴作出反应的主要手段;全句否定范畴标记的形式特征可以是词缀、副词、谓语动词;分布特征表面上是可以出现在V前、V后、V前和后、V双或V多之间、句首和句尾等位置,实际上只能出现在能对全句功能作出反应的三个敏感位置上;表达全句否定范畴时,一般只使用一个否定标记,有时也可以同时使用两个或多个;语音特征尚待考证。     

程度副词“极度”与“极端”的语法化研究简

程度副词“极度、极端”在句法功能上具有唯状性,主要修饰性质形容词、心理动词以及部分短语;“极度／极端X”可以充当多种句法成分,且“极度、极端”与中心词X之间可插入状语标记“地（的）”。程度副词“极度、极端”都是从名词虚化而来,虚化的动因在于“超越一般”的语义基础和充当状语的句法位置两个方面。二者虚化为程度副词时间很晚,是在民国时期,其语法化程度也还不够彻底,使用频率也不及“极其”和“极为”这两个典型的极性程度副词。     

大学英语写作中的宏观句法错误与微观句法错误分析

本文分析界定了英语语言的宏观句法和微观句法要素以及其在语句建构中的作用,尤其是微观句法要素在语句建构中的作用,并在此基础上对大学英语写作中可能出现的宏观和微观句法错误进行了分类和统计分析。结果表明：大学二年级非专业英语班学生写作中的宏观句法错误占少数,主要集中在词序和一致性两个方面;微观句法错误占多数。选词不当和搭配错误是最主要的两种。在大学英语教学中,加强和巩固学习者的微观句法知识是解决这一问题的关键。     

程度副词“极度”与“极端”的语法化研究

程度副词"极度、极端"在句法功能上具有唯状性,主要修饰性质形容词、心理动词以及部分短语;"极度/极端X"可以充当多种句法成分,且"极度、极端"与中心词X之间可插入状语标记"地(的)"。程度副词"极度、极端"都是从名词虚化而来,虚化的动因在于"超越一般"的语义基础和充当状语的句法位置两个方面。二者虚化为程度副词时间很晚,是在民国时期,其语法化程度也还不够彻底,使用频率也不及"极其"和"极为"这两个典型的极性程度副词。     

高水平英语学习者英语议论文句法复杂性研究

本研究以某高校英语专业研究生英语写作竞赛为语料,以Web-based L2SCA为测量工具,辅助人工标记计算句子的多样性,探索高水平英语学习者的句法复杂性特征和句法复杂度指标与写作之间关系。     

Assessment and its outcomes: the influence of disciplines and institutions

Existing research provides evidence at the module level of systematic differences in patterns of assessment, marks achieved and distributions of marks between different disciplines. This paper examines those issues at the degree course level, and suggests reasons for the presence or absence of those module-level relationships at this higher level. The analysis finds that both discipline and institution have large and roughly equal impact on the balance between assessment types. However, contrary to the suggestions in the literature, that balance has virtually no independent impact on degree outcomes. The analysis also discovers that, while there is only a small independent impact of disciplines on average degree marks compared to the institutional impact, disciplines do have a larger relative impact on the distribution of those marks.     

大学考试试题质量的量化研究

考试试题质量是指测验人员所选样本对测试对象属性的测量程度,具体表现为教师编制试题的难易度、信效度以及区分度。本研究随机抽取河西学院2007-2008学年第二学期8个系的16门考试课程为研究样本,对考试结果进行统计分析。结果表明:(1)期末成绩和总评成绩分布大部分呈正态分布,部分考试成绩分布呈现出不对称和尖峰态;(2)期末考试成绩等级上,理科在优秀和良好的比例高于文科在同一等级上的比例,同时,理科在不及格上的比例高于文科。总评考试成绩等级上,理科在优秀和良好的比例高于文科在同一等级上的比例,但是,理科在不及格等级上的比例低于文科,反映出平时成绩对总评成绩的随意性影响;(3)期末试题的难度系数高,试题难度较小,并且文理科和难度系数等级之间的卡方检验无显著的统计学意义;(4)期末试题区分度偏低,并且文理科和区分度系数等级之间的卡方检验无显著的统计学意义。     

论未注册驰名商标的司法保护

司法实践中法院以是否注册为标准对驰名商标进行跨类保护,未注册驰名商标与企业名称或外观设计专利权发生权利冲突时,权利人也无法直接通过诉讼维权,导致对未注册驰名商标的侵权责任救济不足。日本广泛的商业标识的规定,注册商标无效宣告程序和企业名称保护中的名称和财产权的“二分法”理念为未注册驰名商标的司法保护提供了有力保障。     

Student access of online feedback is modified by the availability of assessment marks,gender and academic performance

We used educational data mining to quantify student access of online feedback files and explore the underlying drivers of feedback file access in a learning management system (LMS). We collated LMS access logs for 32 individual pieces of assessment representing 1462 feedback files for 484 students (males = 45%, females = 55%) that originated across three undergraduate years, from 20 different degree pathways. Over a third of assessment feedback files (38%, 553 files) were never accessed by students. When students could obtain their assessment mark without opening the associated feedback file, 42% of feedback files were not accessed by students (513 of 1224 files). When assessment marks were integrated into the feedback file (and not reported within the LMS), the proportion of unopened feedback dropped significantly to only 17% of files (40 of 238 files). We uncovered strong gender-specific differences in how students accessed feedback within the LMS that were dependent upon academic performance and the integration of marks within the feedback file. Poorly performing males were less likely to access feedback; however, integrating marks into the feedback files meant that males were over 27 times more likely to access the feedback file. In contrast, females exhibited a much weaker and more variable response to marks being reported within feedback files. Assessments with deadlines earlier in the semester were also viewed more often than those later in the semester.     

How reliable is marking in GCSE English?

In a re-marking exercise to investigate the reliability of marking in GCSE English examinations, the Principal Examiners' marks were adopted as 'true' marks for comparison with the actual or 'live' marks that had been awarded by the appointed examiners. A variety of approaches to investigating mark/re-mark reliability collectively led to the conclusion that marking reliability was particularly strong in the Higher tier of the specification that differentiates by outcome.     

光山方言儿化的分布及语义分析

河南光山方言属中原官话信蚌片,其儿化现象非常普遍,不仅包含普通话常见的儿化类别,还存在普通话不具备的儿化类别,例如儿语词,人名、地名的儿化,拟声词的儿化,形容词的儿化等。文章对光山方言儿化现象进行了详细分类,总结出光山方言的"-儿"语素除了具有标记名词、区别词的理性意义、表小称和亲热、喜爱的语义功能,还能表达"详细具体"、"轻松随意"、"程度轻微令人满意"等意义。这些研究将为探索汉语儿化现象的共性提供方言语料。     

Deriving individual student marks from a tutor’s assessment of group work

The use of group work, in which three or more students jointly produce a piece of work for summative assessment, is an established aspect of teaching and learning in higher education. Opinions vary however about whether their marks should vary according to the respective contributions they made to the work. This paper is based on the assumption that if adjustments are to be made, they should be made on sound statistical grounds. Current methods for adjusting student marks do not allow the size of the adjustments to be controlled and empirical data are presented which show that very large adjustments can occur. This paper presents a method for deriving final student marks from a single tutor mark and ratings which students make of each other’s contributions. The method incorporates a mechanism for directly controlling the size of the adjustments made. It is demonstrated using data from students following a degree programme in computing. A spreadsheet has been written which undertakes the calculations necessary to apply the method.     

商标名称中的模因

模因论是从一个全新的视角解读文化进化规律的一种新理论。模因论的核心概念是模因,模因通过语言得以复制和传播,因此也促进了语言的发展。模因在打造商标名称的过程中发挥了重要作用。商标名称中的模因有同构异义横向嫁接、同音异义横向嫁接、同构异型横向替换和同基异型横向替换四种特有类型。而商标名模因的独特性和依附性是商标名模因出现的特有原因。商标名模因虽然有助于商家打造独具特色的强势商标名,但是依附于强势模因的新商标名模因会在某种程度上给消费者造成错觉,存在着潜在的负面影响。     

基于三维扫描仪的弹头图像预处理研究

利用三维激光彩色扫描仪,可以获得弹头的表面立体和色彩信息,进而提取弹头痕迹特征,可以进行弹痕识别或弹痕分类。为了保证弹头痕迹特征提取的可靠性,必须对获取的弹头图像进行预处理,以减少噪声或其他干扰。本文讨论了弹头图像的增强、边缘检测和二值化,细化处理和去噪等一系列预处理方法。预处理后的图像与原始图像比较起来,有效地剔除了噪声,保留并恢复了弹头痕迹。     

记号的界定与记号字的成因分析

目前各家关于记号与记号字的界定大多以字形象形与否来判定,认为隶变以后的汉字象形性减弱,汉字朝着记号化发展。实际上记号与记号字应以字形与词之间是否存在理据性联系为判定标准,大多数今汉字并非记号字。记号字成因为假借、隶变、音义演变、简化。