组织学习动力研究综述

评论性地回顾了组织学习动力研究的相关文献,梳理出组织学习动力研究的三种视角,即组织学习动力的微观还原研究;组织学习动力的转换研究;组织学习动力的张力研究。并对三类研究的贡献和局限进行了探讨。认为:在组织学习动力研究中,存在着一个观点的连续统(continum),即微观还原研究与张力研究分处两极,而转换研究则处于两极之间。野中等虽探讨了个体学习和组织学习的转化,但却回避了动力转化机制。这为我们尝试建立组织学习动力三维整合理论提供了条件。     

Figured World of History Learning in a Social Studies Methods Classroom

This paper considers how one teacher educator, Dr. Gomez, took up revisionist history and inquiry in her social studies methods classroom. The concepts of figured worlds (Holland et al., 1998) [Holland, D., Lachicotte, W. Jr., Skinner, D., & Cain, C. (1998). Identity and agency in cultural worlds. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press], and artifacts and mediation (Holland & Cole, 1995; Vygotsky 1978, 1986) [Holland, D., & Cole, M. (1995). Anthropology & Education Quarterly, 26(4), 465–490; Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; Vygotsky, L. S. (1986). Thought and language. Boston: The MIT Press] are used to present a case study. The study focuses on the artifacts that made up the figured world of history learning in Dr. Gomez’s social studies methods class and the learner identities afforded by this context. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (a) explore how teacher education classes can recruit primarily white, middle class students into a figured world of history learning that is culturally congruent with urban settings, and (b) demonstrate the application of the figured worlds framework to the study of learning in a teacher preparation program. Cecil Robinson is an assistant professor of educational psychology at The University of Alabama. His research focuses on social studies teaching and learning, technology, democracy, and hope. Address correspondence to Cecil Robinson, Campus Box 870231, Department of Educational Studies in Psychology, Research and Counseling, College of Education, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0231, USA; e-mail: crobinso@bamaed.ua.edu     

The Effects of Team-Based Learning on Social Studies Knowledge Acquisition in High School

Abstract

This randomized control trial examined the efficacy of team-based learning implemented within 11th-grade social studies classes. A randomized blocked design was implemented with 26 classes randomly assigned to treatment or comparison. In the treatment classes teachers implemented team-based learning practices to support students in engaging in dialogue about course content, application of content to solve problems, and use of evidence to support responses. Significant differences in favor of the treatment group on content acquisition were noted (Hedges's g =.19). Examination of differences in response to the treatment indicated groups of students classified with high or moderate pretest scores benefitted from the treatment, whereas a group of students classified with low pretest scores did not benefit from the treatment.     

Affective Outcomes of Cooperative Learning in Social Studies

This paper reports an experimental study involving the use of cooperative learning in a social studies classroom. The outcome variables discussed in the paper are pupil self-esteem and classroom climate. Over the period of the study, cooperative learning did not significantly improve the self-esteem of the pupils. However, pupils in the experimental group who were taught through the cooperative learning approach perceived classwork to be less difficult than the control pupils who worked individually. The control pupils also reported a decline in satisfaction with classwork and perceived more friction in their class. Interviews with the teacher and pupils showed favourable attitudes toward cooperative learning.     

Opinions of Teachers and School Administrators about Organizational Citizenship Behaviors and Disability Services

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine primary school administrators’ and teachers’ views about the organisational citizenship behaviours in their schools. Qualitative research method was employed. The participants consisted of 15 teachers and 5 school administrators working in primary schools in North Cyprus, which were selected through maximum sampling method. Content analysis was done to analyse the data. The findings indicate that the majority of teachers report that the number of teachers who are eager to help is unsatisfactory, and that the participants do not have positive opinions about the reactions they face when they encounter a problem in school. Attention was paid to issues pertaining to disabled students. Since disabled students need extra attention and care, teachers and school administrators expressed the view that to interact with disabled students, organisational citizenship behaviour is necessary. Results further show that organisational citizens are eager to guide, to make extra effort and to empower themselves in order to be more useful and efficient. This study recommends that organising in-service training to improve organisational citizenship behaviour may be effective in improving schools and contribute to the awareness of the importance of the organisational citizenship in terms of disabled students.     

Organizational Learning Is Essential to Achieving and Sustaining Change in Higher Education

Organizational change is often temporary or unsuccessful. This literature review of organizational change in higher education explores research in higher education, sociology, and organizational studies focusing on the problem of sustaining successful change. Indicators of successful change are distilled from the recent research. Establishing conditions for continued organizational learning in a college or university is identified as an essential aspect of sustaining successful organizational change.     

合作性学习(模式)在组织行为学教学中的应用

构造合作学习情景,给学生营造一个相互依赖、相互关心、相互学习的学习环境,使学生在学习知识的同时也学习社交技巧和团队工作技巧,对提高学生解决问题和自主学习的能力起重要作用。本文阐述了合作性学习在《组织行为学》课程教学中的应用,并提出进一步完善这一教学模式的建议。     

Organizational Learning Capacity, Evaluative Inquiry and Readiness for Change in Schools: Views and Perceptions of Educators

In recent review of the literature on integrating evaluative inquiry into organizational culture, Cousins, Goh, Clark and Lee [Cousins, J.B., Goh, S., Clark, S. & Lee, L. (2004). Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 19(2), 99–144] suggest that there is a link between evaluative inquiry and organizational learning in schools. However, there have been no published studies examining the views, perceptions and importance teachers and administrators attach to these practices and activities in their schools. This article reports results from a survey of 970 educators about their views on both of these topics – organizational learning and evaluation. Teachers and school administrators in 41 middle and secondary schools in Manitoba, Canada, responded to questions about current evaluation practices, attitudes towards evaluation and experience with systematic inquiry, as well as organizational learning capacity, school support structures and their readiness for evaluation and change. The survey results suggest that educators perceive their schools to have a moderate capacity for organizational learning. Similarly, respondents indicated that a moderate to low level of evaluation activity is currently taking place in their schools. Some implications for change in building a learning capacity and an evaluative inquiry culture in schools and suggestions for further research are discussed.     

高师专科生学习倦怠、社会支持感的状况及其关系

考察高师专科生学习倦怠、社会支持感的状况及其相互关系,以供高校教学、管理实践及其他有关策略研究之借鉴。     

教师转型:组织承诺与组织支持的共同作用

对转型发展典型高校X学院5名教师的扎根研究发现,教师转型是个体因素与组织因素良性互动的结果:教师出于对学校新办学理念、定位、目标等的认同和信任,形成较高组织承诺;在较高组织承诺推动或(和)组织支持拉动下,这些教师开启转型探索之路;在组织承诺支撑下,转型教师经过探索取得了一定转型效果,获得(更多的)组织支持,进而使转型向...     

市场导向与学习导向作用下的组织绩效问题

市场导向和学习导向是影响组织绩效的关键因素。然而,由于现有市场导向与学习导向的结合研究比较薄弱,导致了市场导向理论缺少战略内容,对企业建立市场导向不具有指导意义;同时,也造成了组织学习理论的单一性,不能较好地将学习焦点放在企业的外部环境中,进行面向实践的学习。因此,探讨市场导向与学习导向的关系,研究两者双重作用下的组织绩效问题,具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。市场导向与学习导向在关注范围、价值观层面、制度层面与行为层面都存在明显的互动关系,市场导向与学习导向均可视为企业的资源进而创造竞争优势,也是企业创造卓越绩效的关键。应当基于学习能力视角,拓展市场导向的研究领域;增强两种理论的融合,深化企业战略研究;构建基于市场导向的学习型组织。     

高职优质院校建设背景下组织学习的现状与改进策略

建设优质专科高等职业院校是当前国家推进高职教育发展的重要举措之一,它承接高职示范院校建设和骨干院校建设计划,对我国建设世界一流水平高等教育发展战略具有重要意义。组织学习是组织发展的主要手段,它通过促进组织创新能力发展,对高职优质院校建设的成败起着关键性作用。通过对我国发达地区某高职优质院校建设项目的参与式观察和访谈等实证研究,发现高职优质院校建设过程中存在诸多组织学习问题,如组织文化制约、领导支持不足、组织成员学习意愿不强烈和缺乏激励机制等。研究建议,高职院校应建立完善的沟通机制和学习型组织文化,领导应做好支持工作,还要健全激励机制,以切实提高职院校的组织学习能力,从而取得所期望的优质院校建设成果。     

Social Studies and the Web Today

Abstract

Social studies educators have identified three areas where the Web is being used to assist social studies teaching and learning: inquiry-based learning, online interaction, and displaying student work online. Examples of each are provided. The chapter concludes with the challenges ahead.     

大学制度变迁视野中的大学组织学习

从大学历史演进的轨迹和大学现实逻辑分析来看，大学组织学习是与大学制度变迁相伴而生的，大学组织学习是大学制度变迁的序曲，学习是大学制度变迁的引擎。所以，有必要建立组织学习的主体，完善组织学习的环境和提升学习的内涵。     

社会资本视觉下高校教师心理压力分析

从社会资本视觉来看,造成高校教师心理压力的主要原因在于高校教师的社会关系难显优势,社会资本中的信任、规范、社会网络等因素的不良或欠缺,导致社会资本贫乏或占有不足。注重提高高校教师社会资本的积累和价值,是减轻高校教师心理压力,提高心理健康水平的有效途径。     

基于组织学习的政府危机管理能力建设探讨

随着经济和社会的发展,公共危机不断涌现,对一个国家和社会乃至整个世界都产生巨大的影响,也给政府管理带来前所未有的挑战。组织学习与政府危机管理能力建设有密切的关联性。针对当前中国政府在公共危机管理中的学习困境,要加强政府危机管理能力建设的组织学习措施,通过增强危机学习意识,健全危机管理体制,加大政策支持力度,建立长效学习机制,不断提高政府的危机管理能力。     

Conceptualizing Organizational Dimensions of Instructional Supervisory Practice: Implications for Professional Learning Environments in Schools

This study explored the organizational nature of the professional learning environments of teachers, administrators, and other peer professionals in schools. A conceptual model of the organizational structure and effects of instructional supervisory practices was developed to guide the empirical investigation. The model is based on an organizational conception of instructional supervision in which the variety of supervisory behaviors, interactions, and decision making engaged in by school personnel contributes to a unique organizational/supervisory (O/S) climate infusing a school's professional learning environment. Six meaningful dimensions of O/S climate were empirically derived. Climate variable linkages to various indices of school effectiveness were posited and explored using quantitative and qualitative methods. The study's qualitative findings revealed additional school-level, organizational context factors which further explicated the O/S climate and professional learning environment constructs and quantitative supervisory climate/effectiveness linkages identified in the study's original conceptual model. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

试论残疾儿童随班就读教育支持的组织系统

本文在分析我国残疾儿童随班就读发展状况的基础上,提出需要建立稳定的教育支持系统.该系统应包括领导组织、指导、实施三个结构层次,并应做好规划、筛查、培训等工作.同时,还应从经费投入、办好特教学校、加强宣传和注重科研四个方面积极推动该系统的运行.     

学习障碍儿童社会技能研究的新进展

学习障碍儿童社会技能研究主要围绕社会技能缺失、社会技能训练有效性和社会技能研究方法方面进行。社会技能缺失研究主要探讨学习障碍儿童社会技能缺失成因、分类以及社会技能缺失是否是一种学习障碍等问题。影响学习障碍儿童社会技能训练有效性的因素主要包括干预的频率和强度、干预方法、治疗完整度和训练效果的迁移与保持等。社会技能研究方法的研究主要包括对现有社会技能评定量表和测量方法的分析与评价以及对新的社会技能研究方法———最小可觉差法和功能分析法的特征分析和有效性评价。     

俄语专业初学者俄语学习焦虑状况研究

焦虑是影响外语学习最大的情感障碍之一。基于此,采用问卷调查与访谈相结合的研究形式,对俄语专业零起点初学者俄语课堂学习焦虑状况进行调查与分析。结合学习者的学习成绩与学习动机情况,探讨俄语学习焦虑程度的个体差异。在研究结果的基础上,提出有针对性的教学策略。