论《公共文化服务保障法》立法精神——国家和政府的公共文化服务责任解析北大核心CSSCI

文章采用文献计量方法和文本分析方法对《公共文化服务保障法》中有关国家和政府公共文化服务责任的条款逐一分析,认为该法是一部规定国家和政府公共文化服务责任的法律,制定公共文化服务规划、预算和标准是国家和政府公共文化服务的关键责任。     

要正确引导农民的消费活动

据国家统计局有关部门的调查,1985年和1986年,我国农民人均纯收入分别比上年增长11.9％和6.7％;而生活消费支出增长分别为15.9％和12.5％。去年,全国有22个省的农民人均生活消费支出的增长速度都快于人均纯收入的增长速度。与此同时,农民的生产性投入却相对下降。这是一个值得注意的问题。农民消费中的这种倾向说明了什么呢?一方面,随着我国农村生产的发展,农村经济的繁荣,农民对物质和文化生活的需求日益增长,希望住的、吃的、     

比利时：地方文化共同体提供文化服务保障的联邦制国家

比利时是君主立宪制下的联邦制国家,按照语言分为荷语区、法语区、德语区和布鲁塞尔双语区四个语言区,法兰西、荷兰和德意志三个文化共同体。比利时的文化政策发展主要是在二战后,文化政策的框架形成于1960年代。比利时文化政策的目标基于政治和文化民主的原则上,三个文化体有各自坚持的原则。比利时的公共文化政策内容丰富,涉及跨文化交流、文化参与、文化多样性和包容性、文化创新、文化支持、数字文化、生态文化、艺术教育和跨文化教育、业余文化等方面。《宪法》和《文化协定法案》是比利时公共文化遵循的一般立法,除此之外还有公共文化立法和部门具体立法。按各级政府和部门对公共文化支出进行了分解,并对公共文化消费情况和雇佣情况进行了研究。     

提高综合档案馆服务质量的策略探析

2002年《政府工作报告》中提出：＂要加强图书馆、博物馆、文化馆、科技馆、档案馆等公共文化和体育设施建设＂。可见,在我国已把档案馆正式列为＂公共文化＂的范畴,这说明随着我国民主化程度的提高及经济社会的全面发展,综合档案馆已不仅仅是政府档案管理机构,而多了一层社会文化事业机构的身份。由此,综合档案馆的发展进入了一个新的历史阶段。     

美国税收政策如何助力艺术博物馆的发展

美国大部分私立艺术博物馆的收入来源主要依靠经营收入、私有捐赠以及基金投资收入,而来自政府的公共直接资助则较少,但是政府的税收政策却赋予艺术博物馆极大的税收优惠:艺术博物馆在美国国内税收法的501c3地位令其享有所得税减免、财产税减免等,更重要的是可以接受免税捐赠(现金、艺术品),同时捐赠者也享有慈善捐赠减税,美国的税法给私有捐赠以极大的激励和自由,吸引他们把艺术品捐赠给博物馆。美国政府免掉的税收实际上成为隐性支持艺术博物馆发展的"税式支出",而"税式支出"已经远远超过了政府的直接资助。美国税收激励政策促进了美国艺术博物馆的蓬勃发展,这为我国艺术博物馆的发展提供了借鉴。     

论公共文化服务体系中的图书馆建设

公共图书馆作为我国重要的公共文化服务机构．是公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分。在构建社会公共文化服务体系中发挥着重要的作用。随着文化共享工程的实施以及公共文化服务体系建设步伐的加快．各级政府对公共图书馆的投入也在逐年增加．公共图书馆的生存状况和发展得到持续关注。如何提高公共图书馆的办馆效益,做好公共图书馆的公益性服务．已成为公共图书馆必须认真思考并努力解决的时代命题。     

浅论公共图书馆展览服务

大型公共图书馆一 般都具有展览场所,经 常举办各种文化、艺术。 科技、教育展览,宣传精 神文明,传播文化艺术 信息,营造高雅的文化 氛围,这不仅拓展了公 共图书馆的服务范围, 同时也使其文化层次达 到了一定的高度。 公共图书馆的展览 服务,它不同于美术馆 的展览,内容不是单一 的,参观群体也是朝多 方面发展的,但它又与 美术馆有相似的地方, 以举办艺术展为多数, 以１９９７年上海图书馆 展览厅展出的展览情况 统计看,艺术展览占 ５９．６％、科技展览占 １２．７％、图书展览占 １０．６％、教育展览占 ８．５％、其它类展…     

我国"政府网站"建设的问题与建议

截止到２００１年４月３０日，政府机构网站已达到全国２３８２４９个网站的８．６％，而以gov．cn结尾的网站则达到１．４１％。在线数据库总数为４５５９８个，已经拥有在线数据库的网站占国内全部网站的１４％，约为３３３５４个，其中政府网站占２１．１％。一、政府网站发展中的问题从宏观上看，当前我国政府网站的发展还存在着时间阶段和地区差异的问题，具体而言：１．建站最初，某些政府机构目标不够明确目前，政府网站运营不善，很大的一个内部原因在于有些政府机构建设网站的目标不明，政府负责人中有些对电子政务的真正意义不甚…     

公共文化社会化发展中政府主导实现方式分析——以上海、宁波、株洲为例

公共文化社会化发展快速推进过程中,如何更好地坚持和实现政府主导,是当前各地公共文化服务体系建设实践中面临的普遍性问题。上海市政府采取出台政策法规、发布采购目录、优选专业社会主体、实施签约服务、履行事后评估等举措,建立公共文化社会化全面主导方式。宁波市政府围绕全市文化强市建设,设置了"全民艺术普及"重大文化惠民工程,以市文化馆为核心全面带动城市社会专业艺术培训机构参与,形成以社会化为主要推进方式的专项突破主导方式。株洲市政府顺应数字化网络化尤其是移动互联网时代云计算、大数据、广互联、融媒体、众主体的公共文化服务特征,采取打通文旅体资源及事业与产业传统瓶颈,创设开放性、兼容性、互动性公共文化社会化平台支撑主导方式。三地各出奇招、各有奇效,对全行业下一步发展深有启发。     

公共文化服务保障法律制度的完善与细化

推动公共文化服务保障法全面落地并逐步完善,是“十四五”时期公共文化服务体系建设的重要任务。公共文化服务保障法形成了上下衔接的基本公共文化服务标准制度,向社会公布服务项目、支付类别、服务对象、质量标准、支出责任、牵头负责单位等具体内容,是深化此项制度的主要要求。完善公共文化设施免费开放制度,应进一步扩大免费开放范围、加大资金补助力度、建立激励机制。落实非基本公共文化服务优惠提供制度,亟需有针对性地破解政策障碍。强化公共文化设施建设和保护制度,首先要细化法律的原则规定,其次要加强执法主体和相关部门、社会监督主体之间的有效协作。完善政府购买公共文化服务制度,需要解决公共文化机构作为购买主体和承接主体的合法性,以及政府购买方式、流程的适配性问题。创新和完善基层公共文化设施社会化运营管理制度,需要建立合格承接主体的培育和资质评价制度,建立支撑社会化运营管理可持续发展的购买经费测算机制,构筑适应社会化运营管理需求的专业人才养成体制。全面落实政府监管制度,需要进一步健全实施细则。年报制度是带有创新性的公共文化机构责任制度,尽快出台年报编制指南、完善年报公开规范、探索年报多样化的呈现方式,是需要逐步完善和细化的主要内容。参考文献23。     

OUT-ing AIDS

Little is known about the relationship between the Irish gay press and the AIDS crisis during the 1980s. This article aims to fill this gap by presenting the findings of a study dealing with the AIDS epidemic in Ireland and how it was confronted through the alternative media platform of OUT magazine. Using issues of OUT, it argues that alternative media in Ireland were pivotal in generating vital public health information for the gay community, particularly when the mainstream press and Irish government were not providing the necessary resources. This article also highlights the activist potential of alternative media such as OUT, as it engaged with public bodies in an attempt to hold them accountable for their response, or lack thereof, to the epidemic. The Irish gay press is thus an important example of how alternative media are critical when mainstream society ignores a particular group’s public health needs.     

Freedom of information and its impact in the United Kingdom

The UK Parliament passed the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in November 2000 after 3 years of government White Papers, consultation papers, and various Bills. The author served as special adviser to the House of Commons Select Committee on Public Administration which oversaw the Government proposals for legislation and the progress of the Bill into the House of Commons. The FOIA introduced pro-active publication of information via Publication Schemes, which were introduced on a staggered basis across the public sector and on January 1, 2005, rights of individual access were granted to individuals. The Act covers well over 100,000 public authorities in the UK and includes both Houses of Parliament. There is a power to add private bodies to the Act's coverage. The Act covers UK, English, Welsh, and Northern Irish public authorities. Scotland has its own FOIA which was enacted by the Scottish Parliament in 2002. The paper will examine the operation of the UK legislation and the role of the Information Commissioner and the Information Tribunal which deal with complaints of refusal and appeals respectively. The jurisprudence has been voluminous and now the English courts are beginning to hear appeals from the tribunal. The article will examine the major trends of the legislation and the problems presented by the legislation. The Government has already issued vetoes under the Act overriding the Commissioner's decision to grant access to the Cabinet papers relating to the Cabinet discussion on entering into war with Iraq and then on devolution of power to Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales. The decisions to open up the files on MPs expenses have caused one of the major constitutional crises in the UK in the last 75 years. As well as examining the way the Act has been interpreted, the author will essay some preliminary analyses of the impact of the Act on the realization of government objectives in passing the Act. The FOIA does sit alongside other legislation allowing access to personal files and access to environmental information and the whole information debate is set in the context of heightened sensitivity and secrecy in time of the war on terror and the state's increasing capacity to demand, store, and share information. The UK experience of the information debate will be examined.     

Information governance,records management,and freedom of information: A study of local government authorities in England

In many democratic states political rhetoric gives weight to increasing public participation in and understanding of the political process; (re)-establishing public trust in government decision making; increasing transparency, openness, and accountability of public authorities; and, ultimately, improving government decision-making on behalf of citizens. Access to the public record and freedom of information (FOI) are mechanisms which help to facilitate the accountability of public authorities. Many jurisdictions have introduced legislation related to these mechanisms, and the UK government is no exception with its enactment of the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) in 2000. University College London (UCL) ran a research project over 12 months in 2008–2009, funded by the UK Arts and Humanities Research Council. The research project examined what the impact of the UK FOIA had been on records management services in public authorities, especially local government. This article reports on some of the findings of the study. It considers how FOI compliance and records management functions are organized in local government and the role of information governance which is emerging as an umbrella for such functions. It draws some conclusions about the contributions that records management services make to the ability of local authorities to comply with the FOIA and identifies some ways in which user experience may be affected by the management of records.     

Understanding risks,benefits, and strategic alternatives of social media applications in the public sector

Social media such as blogs, microblogs or electronic social networks can transform the ways in which we relate to other people and organizations. Government organizations are experimenting with social media to communicate with their constituents, and many analysts see in these media a powerful set of tools to reinvent government–citizen relationships. In this paper, we present the perceptions of risks, benefits and strategic guidelines about social media applications gathered from 250 public servants from Central Mexico, most of them working in information technology, as web masters or responding to Freedom of Information Act requests. The conclusions of the analysis are 1) that governments' participation in social media may result in improved communication and citizen participation, more transparency, and transfer of best practices among government agencies; 2) that a good implementation strategy is necessary to realize these benefits and to avoid risks; and 3) that the implementation of social media highlights the importance of updating laws and regulations, and of promoting changes in government culture and organizational practices.     

Post-Industrial Cultural Criticism

Integrating perspectives from research into cultural and post-industrial journalism, this article presents a pilot study of websites with reviews of arts and culture conducted by amateurs. Such websites constitute a popular space for cultural criticism, and one that challenges traditional hierarchies within journalism. The article maps which Danish websites conduct arts and culture reviews, asks what features these websites have that facilitate public discourse, and measures the actual discussion on the websites. While academic diagnoses of the state of the online public sphere have generally been discouraging, this article argues that this is partly due to a strong focus on politics rather than on culture and illustrates how the cultural public sphere of online reviews constitutes a heterogeneous space for a public discussion about arts and culture. Furthermore, it shows that some amateur reviewers have highly specialized knowledge of culture and, on that basis, argues that the emergence of this type of critic might represent a qualitative strengthening of cultural criticism.     

Engaging Researchers With the World's First Scholarly Arts Repositories: Ten Years After the UK's Kultur Project

ABSTRACT

Open access institutional repositories can be ill-equipped to manage the complexity of research outputs from departments of fine arts, media, drama, music, cultural heritage, and the creative arts in general. The U.K.-based Kultur project was funded to create a flexible multimedia repository model using EPrints software. The project launched the first arts based institutional repositories at the University of the Arts London and University for the Creative Arts. Ten years later, these pioneering repositories are still evolving in response to the needs of arts researchers, and in the context of rapid changes in the scholarly communications landscape. This article discusses the evolution of scholarly repositories in the creative arts, with the aim of reducing the under-representation of arts research in open access repositories.     

构建公共图书馆平台的政府信息资源管理体系

公共图书馆作为政府为公众提供的公共产品,在实现公民文化权利平等获取、促进社会和谐发展方面发挥着重要作用,是公共文化服务体系的重要组成部分。本文从公共图书馆的本质出发,在借鉴国际上公共图书馆管理政府信息资源的基础上,探讨了我国公共图书馆参与政府信息资源管理的可行性与必要性,最后从网络体系、共建共享体系和服务体系等方面阐述构建公共图书馆平台的政府信息资源管理体系。     

The Adoption of Library Automation by Liberal Arts Colleges

ABSTRACT

Which United States liberal arts colleges were the first to automate? Was geography, type of college (Liberal Arts I or II), or control (private or public) a factorquest; This study indicates that initially Liberal Arts I colleges in the Northeast and Midwest were quicker to adopt new information technologies. Over time and with the adoption of newer technologies, however, factors such as location, type, or control are less significant.