语文教学中学生多向思维能力的培养

思维与语言是密不可分的。语文教学在培养学生的多向思维能力方面具有得天独厚的优势。它的培养可从多个方面进行,例如:加强字词教学,丰富学生的语言词汇,培养学生思维的准确性和规范性;创设教学情境,启发学生生疑,培养学生的思维兴趣和习惯;欣赏性地广泛涉猎语言材料,引导学生与文本对话,培养学生思维的广泛性与深刻性;倡导个性阅读和理性思考,强调对文本思想内容的自主判断,培养学生思维的独立性和批判性。     

Using verbal protocols to identify the reading strategies of students who are deaf

The purpose of this study was to identify the reading strategies used by students who are deaf by investigating their self-reported thinking during reading. The participants were 10 elementary students attending a residential state school for the deaf. After each page of reading a short story, the participants were asked to think aloud (or think visibly, in the case of sign language). Analysis of these verbal reports indicated that the participants constructed meaning, monitored comprehension and activated strategies to improve comprehension, and evaluated, but did not demonstrate, each reading strategy within these three classifications. They engaged in a considerably greater variety of reading strategies for constructing meaning than for the other two classifications.     

What verbal protocols reveal about the reading strategies of deaf students: a replication study

Deaf students' reading strategies were identified by investigating these students' self-reported thinking during reading. In an earlier study (Schirmer, 2003), 10 elementary-level students attending a state school for the deaf had constructed meaning, monitored comprehension and activated strategies to improve comprehension, and evaluated comprehension, but had not demonstrated each of the reading strategies within these three overarching activities, all observed in previous studies of hearing skilled readers. Also, the students used a considerably greater variety of reading strategies for constructing meaning than for the other two activities. The replication study used the same procedure. Six elementary-level students attending a site-based public school classroom for deaf students thought aloud after reading each page of a short story. Analysis of these verbal reports indicated the participants performed similarly to those in the first study, thus supporting the reliability of results regarding reading strategies of readers who are deaf.     

群文阅读中的思维策略

群文阅读是通向“会读书”的重要路径之一,其价值在于思考。运用思维策略可以极大地改善学生的阅读实践,发展思考能力,提升思维品质。群文阅读常用的思维策略有信息辨识提取、比较分类、推理分析、整合诠释、评价反思等。     

浅谈语文阅读教学中的“读”与“思”

在中学语文阅读教学中,“读”与“思”有很重要的作用。让学生多读、精思,以“读”促“思”、“读“思”结合,能有效地提高学生的阅读能力。     

What Cognitive Benefits Does an Activity-Based Reading Strategy Afford Young Native American Readers?

The authors conducted 2 experiments with children from a reservation community. In Experiment 1, 45 third-grade children were randomly assigned to the following reading strategies: (a) “reread,” in which participants read each sentence of a story and then reread it; (b) “observe,” in which participants read sentences and then observed an experimenter move manipulatives as directed by the story; and (c) “activity,” in which participants read sentences and then moved manipulatives as directed by the story. In Experiment 2, 40 second-grade children were randomly assigned to either the reread or activity strategy. In both experiments, activity participants remembered more story content than did reread participants. In Experiment 1, the authors identified no memory differences between observe and activity strategies. When imagery instructions replaced the original strategies, Experiment 1 third-grade activity (and observe) participants recalled more story content than did reread participants, but Experiment 2 second-grade activity participants did not. The authors discuss the instructional benefits of activity-based reading strategies, along with developmental implications.     

英语阅读教学中学生的发散性思维培养探微

英语阅读是一项考验学生思维能力的学习活动,尤其需要学生具备发散性思维,不断扩大思维的深度和广度,才能使阅读学习更具活力和趣味性。文章分析发散性思维的内涵,探讨发散性思维在英语阅读教学中的作用,指出英语阅读教学中学生发散性思维的培养策略。     

Content Area Literacy in the Mathematics Classroom

Content area literacy has an important role in helping students understand content in specific disciplines, such as mathematics. Although the strategies are not unique to each individual content area, they are often adapted for use in a specific discipline. For example, mathematicians use mathematical language to make sense of new ideas and information and to organize that information in a specialized way. Content literacy strategies can help mathematics students accomplish these goals. In this article, we will discuss six practical strategies to help build students' content skills in the mathematics classroom and they are: the Frayer model, question generation, visual supports, think-alouds, writing to learn, and text reading.     

大学英语阅读课堂中教师提问和学生批判性思维的培养

批判性思维是帮助学生提高学习能力,发展认识观的很重要的一种思维能力.本文将语言教学和批判性思维培养结合在一起,以大学英语阅读课为背景,浅谈教师提问和学生批判性思维的培养.     

在英语阅读课中培养学生批判性思维能力

在我国的传统教学过程中,对批判性思维能力在教学中的运用和培养不够重视,在英语阅读教学中更是如此。由于英语阅读中对学生的语言结构和信息处理的要求比较高,需要学生对阅读文本进行深层次的理解,因此,就需要学生充分发挥出主体性批判性的阅读技能。大多数学生批判性思维能力不够强,所以,教师需要注意在英语阅读教学中培养学生的批判性思维能力。本文就批判性思维的含义和重要性进行研究,并探讨在英语阅读中培养学生批判性思维能力的对策,以便有效的提高学生的批判性思维能力,提高英语阅读效率。     

Cultivating divergent thinking in mathematics through an open-ended approach

The purpose of this study was to develop a program to help cultivate divergent thinking in mathematics based on open-ended problems and to investigate its effect. The participants were 398 seventh grade students attending middle schools in Seoul. A method of pre- and post-testing was used to measure mainly divergent thinking skills through open-ended problems. The results indicated that the treatment group students performed better than the comparison students overall on each component of divergent thinking skills, which includes fluency, flexibility, and originality. The developed program can be a useful resource for teachers to use in enhancing their students’ creative thinking skills. An open-ended approach in teaching mathematics suggested in this paper may provide a possible arena for exploring the prospects and possibilities of improving mathematical creativity.     

群文阅读——有效的阅读策略

随着新课改的深入,群文阅读的重要性越来越突出,其作为课内外阅读的桥梁,在提高学生阅读思维能力方面有着重要的意义。基于此,本文着眼小学语文中的群文阅读教学,提出了一些有效的阅读策略,希望能够有效提高小学生的阅读能力。     

Heuristic Reasoning in Chemistry: Making decisions about acid strength

The characterization of students’ reasoning strategies is of central importance in the development of instructional strategies that foster meaningful learning. In particular, the identification of shortcut reasoning procedures (heuristics) used by students to reduce cognitive load can help us devise strategies to facilitate the development of more analytical ways of thinking. The central goal of this qualitative study was thus to investigate heuristic reasoning as used by organic chemistry college students, focusing our attention on their ability to predict the relative acid strength of chemical compounds represented using explicit composition and structural features (i.e., structural formulas). Our results indicated that many study participants relied heavily on one or more of the following heuristics to make most of their decisions: reduction, representativeness, and lexicographic. Despite having visual access to reach structural information about the substances included in each ranking task, many students relied on isolated composition features to make their decisions. However, the specific characteristics of the tasks seemed to trigger heuristic reasoning in different ways. Although the use of heuristics allowed students to simplify some components of the ranking tasks and generate correct responses, it often led them astray. Very few study participants predicted the correct trends based on scientifically acceptable arguments. Our results suggest the need for instructional interventions that explicitly develop college chemistry students’ abilities to monitor their thinking and evaluate the effectiveness of analytical versus heuristic reasoning strategies in different contexts.     

Internationalism: A Need in American Education

The author's middle school has created a mediated set of electronic learning resources designed to more effectively meet students' research needs. These research strategies help students with a variety of reading skills and allow students, and their teachers, to focus on higher-level thinking activities because the resource collections provide time-saving shortcuts through open-ended Google searches.     

过程写作法对大学生英语阅读思维发展的正效用探析

基于PASS模型理论的对比实验,探讨过程写作法对大学生英语阅读思维发展的作用效度。研究表明,过程写作法训练有以下作用：（1）可以明显提高学生的选择性注意能力。（2）帮助学生在英语阅读时合理分配其注意资源。（3）引导学生高效有序地对阅读材料进行同时性加工和继时性加工。（4）监督和调控学生阅读活动中计划的实施情况。因此,过程写作法的训练对于改善大学生英语阅读思维能力至关重要。     

The relationship between critical thinking skills and in‐class questioning behaviours of English language teaching students

It is important that trainee teachers in the faculties of education should develop their critical thinking skills so that they can meet the expectations and needs of their profession. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between critical thinking skills and in‐class questioning behaviours of English Language Teaching (ELT) students at the Faculty of Education at Mugla University. The authors attempted to find out answers to the following questions: ‘What kinds of questions do students in lower and higher critical thinking groups ask?’ and ‘Is there a difference between the questions of students with higher and lower critical thinking scores?’ Three data collection instruments were used: Ennis‐Weir Critical Thinking Essay Test; a reading passage; and a structured interview. The findings obtained suggest that the questions asked by the students of the higher critical thinking score group are not questions that clarify unclear points, but questions asked out of curiosity, to remove the uncertainties, and to lead people to think profoundly. Moreover, these students ask questions to find alternatives, to think the reverse and to head for new ideas. The students in the higher score group experienced thinking processes more intensively than the lower score group.     

群文阅读中培养学生的综合能力

初中语文教学当中,加强群文阅读,培养学生的综合能力,是语文教学的根本任务之一。通过群文阅读,学生可提高自身的思想认识,有利于世界观、人生观、价值观的形成。加强语文阅读,可以扩大学生的基础知识,开阔学生的眼界,有利于提高他们的阅读能力,更有利于提高学生的写作能力。日常教学当中,教师应有计划、有目的地安排学生进行群文阅读,让学生在群文阅读时做好读书笔记,培养学生良好的读书习惯、学习习惯、日常行为习惯,从而提高他们的综合能力。     

高中生数学思维能力的培养研究

思维是认知的核心成分,思维的发展水平决定着整个知识系统的结构和功能。数学教学尤其要注重思维品质的培养。教师要采用恰当的教学方式和手段,培养和提高学生的数学思维能力。教师可以鼓励学生自主探究、理解书本知识本质,通过一题多变、一题多解提高学生的发散思维能力,并帮助学生突破思维障碍形成正确解题思路。     

QQ群在大学英语网络辅导答疑中的应用研究

现今大学英语教学中传统的面授辅导答疑局限性明显,进行网络辅导答疑是网络时代的要求,是师生共同的选择。笔者在从理论上构想了将QQ群应用到大学英语网络辅导答疑的各个环节中的操作流程之后,进而通过教学实验证明QQ群在大学英语网络辅导答疑中的正能量效应,旨在让师生克服大学教学环境中的种种不便,更有效地开展课外的辅导答疑。     

从批判性思维培养的视角看中美语文教材的差异——PISA测试结果的启示

批判性思维是语文素养的重要能力,而阅读是语文教学的核心。国际能力测试PISA显示,我国学生阅读总体水平世界第一,但与批判性思维相关的部分成绩较低。这种现象引起了学界的广泛重视。我国教材在自然描写、情感道德、历史文化传统、爱国主义、生活知识与技能等方面的比例与美国的教材显著不同;在连续性文本和非连续性文本比例上也与美国差异巨大。阅读内容及其文本形式关乎我国学生阅读能力中批判性思维的培养。建议教材中增加与学生生活、社会现实问题联系密切的以非连续性文本形式呈现的内容。