高速铁道车辆风致安全性研究(英文)

研究目的:随着世界高速铁路网的不断扩张,高速列车的风致安全性成为高速铁路系统中的关键科学问题之一。本文利用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论分析方法,确定强横风作用下高速铁道车辆的安全运行区域,为强风地带高速列车的安全控制提供依据。创新要点:首次提出了考虑多种影响因素和脱轨评价指标的高速列车脱轨安全域分析方法,并运用到了高速铁道车辆风致安全性研究中。研究方法:基于车辆-轨道耦合动态响应及多种安全性评价指标得到横风作用下高速铁道车辆的安全运行区域和脱轨区域。重要结论:铁道车辆安全性评价指标中,轮重减载率对横风激励最为敏感,其确定了强风作用下高速车辆安全运行区域的边界。     

一种高速列车-轨道三维空间耦合动力学模型

研究目的：基于车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论分析方法,建立一种高速列车-轨道三维耦合动力学模型,并明确列车-轨道耦合模型与单节车辆-轨道耦合模型在高速列车-车九道耦合动力学性能分析中的差异。创新要点：建立一种高速列车-轨道三维耦合动力学模型,模型中考虑列车的纵向动力学行为以及车间连接装置对列车中不同车辆动态响应的影响,并基本明确完善的列车-轨道耦合模型在高速列车-轨道耦合动力学性能分析中的重要性。重要结论：单节车辆-轨道耦合模型会过高地估计高速列车在运营过程中的振动响应和动力学性能指标,而完善的列车-轨道耦合动力学模型的计算结果则更加接近实际情况。     

基于轮轨接触关系的列车运行安全预测仿真研究

针对判断列车脱轨问题,本文评述了近些年来国内外的研究进展情况。分析了传统判断脱轨的方法,发现传统利用脱轨系数与轮重减载率的车辆脱轨评价方式都是从轮轨间受力情况方面加以分析,在进行脱轨判定时存在严重的误差与不足。在此基础上提出了一种基于轮轨相对位移的脱轨预测方法。通过在ADAMS/Rail中建立单车模型,对轮轨作用关系和列车安全性分析研究,经过仿真实验提取轮轨接触点、接触角、接触横移量、车轮抬升量、脱轨系数等参数,以脱轨系数为指导,采用了一种改进的BP神经网络,通过轮轨间几何数据,对列车的运行状态进行了预测实验。结果表明,通过轮轨间位置关系所得到的预测结果与车辆动力学安全性指标数据基本一致,确定了轮轨几何关系与列车运行安全之间存在非线性关系。对轮轨间几何位置同车辆运行安全性关系的研究内容进行了补充,并对列车运行安全性评价提供了参考。     

基于列车明线运行与横风下的列车气动特性分析

采用Hypermesh软件对一CRH3型车车体进行有限元网格划分,采用SC/Tetra软件分别对列车明线运行和横风下运行进行数值模拟。对于列车明线运行,主要研究不同网格划分对计算结果的影响以及与风洞试验数据的比较。对于列车横风作用下运行,主要研究不同车速和风速下列车的气动性能变化规律。     

高速列车头部外形多目标气动优化设计（英文）

目的:为改善高速列车明线运行时的气动性能,提出一种基于近似模型的高速列车头部外形多目标气动优化设计方法。创新点:1.建立包含转向架区域的高速列车参数化模型;2.基于近似模型并结合遗传算法,对高速列车头部外形及转向架区域进行多目标气动优化设计。方法:1.建立包含转向架区域的原始头型高速列车模型(图2和3),并基于CATIA脚本文件和MATLAB自编程序对列车头部外形进行参数化处理;2.通过最优拉丁超立方设计方法在设计空间内对优化设计变量进行采样,并采用计算流体动力学方法对样本点中新头型列车气动性能进行计算;3.基于样本点的列车头型优化设计变量及优化目标(表4),建立优化目标与设计变量之间的近似模型;4.基于近似模型和多目标遗传算法,对高速列车头部外形进行多目标优化设计,选取其中的一个优化头型与原始头型进行比较,并验证横风下优化头型的可行性。结论:1.相较于原始头型列车,无横风时,优化头型列车的整车气动阻力减小2.61%,尾车气动升力减小9.90%;2.横风下,优化头型列车的整车气动阻力减小2.98%,头车气动侧力减小0.24%;3.横风下,优化头型列车的头车气动载荷波动幅值有所减小。     

横风作用对CRH2型动车组通过式称重影响研究

分析动车组通过式称重车辆受力关系,建立车辆平衡数学模型,采用流场分析软件计算横风作用下车辆所受气动力,将气动力代入车辆平衡数学模型,研究横风作用对动车组通过式称重的影响情况.     

世界高速铁路概况

根据UIC(国际铁道联盟)的定义,高速铁路是指营运速率达每小时200公里的铁路系统(也有250公里的说法).狭义的高速铁路除了列车在营运时达到速度标准外,车辆、路轨、操作都需要配合提升;广义的高速铁路包含使用磁悬浮技术的高速轨道运输系统.     

轨道局部缺陷引起的城市轨道交通地面振动——应用动力吸振器作为减振措施（英文）

目的:基于动力吸振器理论提山一种控制城市轨道交通地面振动的有效措施。创新点:1.确定动力吸振器安装在车辆或轨道上的最优位置和动力学参数;2.采用提出的两步分析法真实模拟布鲁塞尔有轨电车在通过轨道局部缺陷时引起的地面振动;3.探明动力吸振器安装在车辆或轨道上对控制地面振动的有效性。方法:1.通过对列车-轨道耦合动力学系统进行模态分解,得山在不同位置安装动力吸振器的最优动力学参数;2.采用所提出的两步法预测不同工况下城市轨道交通的地面振动:首先建立多体车辆与轨道耦合动力学模型,计算作用在土体上的动力作用,然后建立三维土体有限元模型,模拟动力作用引起的地面波传播及周边的地面振动。结论:将动力吸振器安装在车辆上是降低城市轨道交通地面振动的有效措施。     

把握班级管理的每一分钟

班主任工作事无巨细,时间不分早晚,每天忙得不可开交。班级管理工作是理论问题,更是一项实践问题,需要长期不懈地研究、探讨、努力实践。班级管理是一门艺术,更是一门学问,管理得好便如一列高速行驶的列车,始终高效地行驶在轨道上,要使之不脱轨并且有效地运行,就要用科学的大脑驾驭它。     

高速铁路运营过程中的关键问题：轮轨磨耗等

随着高速铁路运营里程和列车运营速度的不断增长,出现了一些和列车轨道耦合大系统密切相关的关键科学和技术问题。这些问题不仅影响到列车的运行品质,甚至威胁到安全运行,是当前高速铁路运用和发展中急需解决的问题。本文系统描述了高速铁路在运营过程中所出现的一些关键科学和技术问题,并述评了全世界有关这些问题的研究进展、现状和不足之处,提出了今后有利于认识和解决这些问题的发展方向。在长期高速运营的铁路大系统环境中,这些问题的形成的机理、发生、发展过程和预防措施的研究,需要从列车／轨道耦合大系统运营环境（速度、路况、气候和运用维修）、系统的自身参数匹配、材料选用和运营成本等全面系统考虑,并从理论、技术、工艺、监控和维修等方面解决。     

A numerical approach to the interaction between airflow and a high-speed train subjected to crosswind

Aerodynamic forces and dynamic performances of railway vehicles are coupled and affected by each other. On the one hand, aerodynamic forces change the displacements of a train. On the other hand, displacements affect aerodynamic forces. Based on vehicle-track coupling dynamics and aerodynamics, a numerical approach to the interaction between airflow and a high-speed train is presented in this paper. Aerodynamic forces and dynamic performances of a high-speed train subjected to crosswind were numerically simulated. Results showed that the interaction between airflow and a high-speed train has a significant influence on displacements and aerodynamic forces of the head coach. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the interaction between airflow and a high-speed train subjected to crosswind.     

Dynamic analysis of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners

A high-speed train-track coupling dynamic model is used to investigate the dynamic behavior of a high-speed train operating on a curved track with failed fasteners. The model considers a high-speed train consisting of eight vehicles coupled with a ballasted track. The vehicle is modeled as a multi-body system, and the rail is modeled with a Timoshenko beam resting on the discrete sleepers. The vehicle model considers the effect of the end connections of the neighboring vehicles on the dynamic behavior. The track model takes into account the lateral, vertical, and torsional deformations of the rails and the effect of the discrete sleeper support on the coupling dynamics of the vehicles and the track. The sleepers are assumed to move backward at a constant speed to simulate the vehicle running along the track at the same speed. The train model couples with the track model by using a Hertzian contact model for the wheel/rail normal force calculation, and the nonlinear creep theory by Shen et al. (1984) is used for wheel/rail tangent force calculation. In the analysis, a curved track of 7000-m radius with failed fasteners is selected, and the effects of train operational speed and the number of failed fasteners on the dynamic behaviors of the train and the track are investigated in detail. Furthermore, the wheel/rail forces and derailment coefficient and the wheelset loading reduction are analyzed when the high-speed train passes over the curved track with the different number of continuously failed fasteners at different operational speeds. Through the detailed numerical analysis, it is found that the high-speed train can operate normally on the curved track of 7000-m radius at the speeds of 200 km/h to 350 km/h.     

轮对前2阶弯曲模态对动力学行为的影响

研究目的：扩展动力学模型的分析频域,建立能考虑轮对柔性的车辆轨道耦合动力学系统模型,为研究轮轨磨耗的形成和发展以及轮轨噪声的来源提供基础。创新要点：利用欧拉梁横向弯曲模型,建立轮轴在垂直于轨道平面和平行于轨道平面内的弯曲振动模型;建立考虑轮轴弯曲的轮对模型与轮轨接触模块之间的耦合关系,进而研究轮轨接触行为受轮轴弯曲变形的影响。研究方法：1．把轮轴模拟为欧拉梁,左右车轮模拟为固结于轮轴上的质量块;2．假设左右车轮始终垂直于轮轴,引入虚拟的两个半边刚性轮对模型,建立轮轨接触模型和柔性轮对耦合的关系;3．基于多刚体车辆．轨道耦合动力学模型,利用以上柔性轮对模型和此耦合关系,建立考虑轮轴柔性的车辆一轨道耦合动力学模型。重要结论：1．建立的刚柔耦合的车辆．轨道耦合动力学模型能够有效地描述轮轴弯曲对轮轨接触行为的影响;2．在0-150Hz的随机不平顺激励下,多刚体模型和考虑轮对柔性的模型受到的轮轨力和轮轨接触点轨迹不同;这主要是由第1阶弯曲模态被激发导致。     

Aerodynamic modeling and stability analysis of a high-speed train under strong rain and crosswind conditions

With the development of high-speed train, it is considerably concerned about the aerodynamic characteristics and operation safety issues of the high-speed train under extreme weather conditions. The aerodynamic performance of a high-speed train under heavy rain and strong crosswind conditions are modeled using the Eulerian two-phase model in this paper. The impact of heavy rainfall on train aerodynamics is investigated, coupling heavy rain and a strong crosswind. Results show that the lift force, side force, and rolling moment of the train increase significantly with wind speed up to 40 m/s under a rainfall rate of 60 mm/h. when considering the rain and wind conditions. The increases of the lift force, side force, and rolling moment may deteriorate the train operating safety and cause the train to overturn. A quasi-static stability analysis based on the moment balance is used to determine the limit safety speed of a train under different rain and wind levels. The results can provide a frame of reference for the train safe operation under strong rain and crosswind conditions.     

Multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head

With the continuous improvement of the train speed, the dynamic environment of trains turns out to be aerodynamic domination. Solving the aerodynamic problems has become one of the key factors of the high-speed train head design. Given that the aerodynamic drag is a significant factor that restrains train speed and energy conservation, reducing the aerodynamic drag is thus an important consideration of the high-speed train head design. However, the reduction of the aerodynamic drag may increase other aerodynamic forces （moments）, possibly deteriorating the operational safety of the train. The multi-objective optimization design method of the high-speed train head was proposed in this paper, and the aerodynamic drag and load reduction factor were set to be optimization objectives. The automatic multi-objective optimization design of the high-speed train head can be achieved by integrating a series of procedures into the multi-objective optimization algorithm, such as the establishment of 3D parametric model, the aerodynamic mesh generation, the calculation of the flow field around the train, and the vehicle system dynamics. The correlation between the optimization objectives and optimization variables was analyzed to obtain the most important optimization variables, and a further analysis of the nonlinear relationship between the key optimization variables and the optimization objec- tives was obtained. After optimization, the aerodynamic drag of optimized train was reduced by up to 4.15%, and the load re- duction factor was reduced by up to 1.72%.     

Development and validation of a model for predicting wheel wear in high-speed trains

In this paper, we present a comprehensive model for the prediction of the evolution of high-speed train wheel profiles due to wear. The model consists of four modules: a multi-body model implemented with the commercial multi-body software SIMPACK to evaluate the dynamic response of the vehicle and track; a local contact model based on Hertzian theory and a novel method, named FaStrip (Sichani et al., 2016), to calculate the normal and tangential forces, respectively; a wear model proposed by the University of Sheffield (known as the USFD wear function) to estimate the amount of material removed and its distribution along the wheel profile; and a smoothing and updating strategy. A simulation of the wheel wear of the high-speed train CRH3 in service on the Wuhan-Guangzhou railway line was performed. A virtual railway line based on the statistics of the line was used to represent the entire real track. The model was validated using the wheel wear data of the CRH3 operating on the Wuhan- Guangzhou line, monitored by the authors’ research group. The results of the predictions and measurements were in good agreement.     

车辆与路面相互作用下的5轴重型卡车非线性动态分析

基于车辆悬挂系统和轮胎的几何非线性特性分析,建立了一重型卡车三维非线性动态模型,采用动态车轮载荷的影响因子即动载荷应力因子、最大和最小垂直动载系数,对路面随机不平度与重型车辆之间的动态相互作用进行了评价.采用Matlab/Simulink软件对建立的非线性动态系统模型及影响因子进行仿真计算.分析了不同路面条件对车辆行驶...     

Multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design of high-speed train head shape

To improve the aerodynamic performance of high-speed trains (HSTs) running in the open air, a multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design method for the head shape of a HST is proposed in this paper. A parametric model of the HST was established and seven design variables of the head shape were extracted. Sample points and their exact values of optimization objectives were obtained by an optimal Latin hypercube sampling (opt. LHS) plan and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations, respectively. A Kriging surrogate model was constructed based on the sample points and their optimization objectives. Taking the total aerodynamic drag force and the aerodynamic lift force of the tail coach as the optimization objectives, the multi-objective aerodynamic optimization design was performed based on a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the Kriging model. After optimization, a series of Pareto-optimal head shapes were obtained. An optimal head shape was selected from the Pareto-optimal head shapes, and the aerodynamic performance of the HST with the optimal head shape was compared with that of the original train in conditions with and without crosswinds. Compared with the original train, the total aerodynamic drag force is reduced by 2.61% and the lift force of the tail coach is reduced by 9.90% in conditions without crosswind. Moreover, the optimal train benefits from lower fluctuations in aerodynamic loads in crosswind conditions.     

铁道车辆专业的校企合作长效运行机制研究

高职铁道车辆专业目标是培养能从事铁道车辆检修、运用、维护和管理工作,具有铁道车辆结构、原理等专业技术理论知识和铁道车辆检测、故障诊断与处理等实践技能,具有良好职业道德和职业生涯发展基础,德、智、体、美全面发展的高端技能型人才。基于此,从创新"双主体、全过程"订单式人才培养模式、项目课程体系、课程标准、专业教学团队、校内外实训基地、共同组织管理、评价人才培养质量这几个方面探讨了如何建立铁道车辆专业的校企合作长效运行机制。