亚洲大陆三叉蕨科的分类

The object of this paper is to deal with the  taxonomical  problems  of  the  family Aspidiaceae from the mainland of Asia.  In recent years I have had the opportunity to study copious materials of the family from this region, and recognized the following nine genera, namely, Lastreopsis Ching, Ctenitis C. Chr., Ctenitopsis Ching, Pleocnemia Presl, Arcypteris Underw., Tectaria Cavanilles, Quercifilix Cop.,  Hemigramma  Christ  and Pteridrys C. Chr. et Ching.      The members of this family are middle-sized, terrestrial ferns; rhizome erect or sub- erect, dictyostelic, scaly; leaves tufted, generally uniform, simple pinnate to tripinnatifid; veins free or anastomosing, forming areoles with or without free included veinlets; rachis and costa raised on the upper surface, and, as a rule, covered with  pale  brown multi- cellular articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs); sori round or in a few cases acrostichoid; indusia reniform, or in some genera absent; spores bilateral with perispore.      Dryopteridaceae and Lomariopsidaceae are closely related to Aspidiaceae, and both were placed in the latter family by the fern students in the past.  The main differences of Dryopteridaceae from Aspidiaceae are: leaves pale green when dried; costa and costule grooved and free from articulate hairs (ctenitis-hairs) on the upper side; veins free or very rarely anastomosing (venatio cyrtomii).  In general appearance the genus Ctenitis of Aspidiaceae is very similar to the bipinnate  species  of  Dryopteridaceae,  such  as Dryopteris filix-mas (Linn.) Schott, but its costa and costule are raised and covered by ctenitis-hairs on the upper side, and the leaves turning dull brown when dried, so that it has no difficulty in distinguishing the genus from the true Dryopteris.  The recognition of the free-veined Ctenitis and its allies as the primitive tectarioid ferns is very important in delimiting both Aspidiaceae and Dryopteridaceae, which were all mixed up in the past. Moreover, from the standpoint of plant geography, these two families are also distinct, for the Dryopteridaceae are mainly ferns of the temperate regions and the mountains in subtropics in the Northern Hemisphere, but the Aspidiaceae are pantropical  by origin. The chief differences of Lomariopsidaceae from the Aspidiaceae are: rhizome creeping or high-climbing; leaves strongly dimorphous, free from the ctenitis-hairs; sori acrostichoid.       That Holttum has made Aspidiaceae a  subfamily  Tectarioideae  of  the  family Dennstaedtiaceae proves to be very unnatural, because there is hardly any affinity be- tween the two families; while Aspidiaceae of Copeland is a terrible mixture of Thely- pteridaceae, Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae and Aspidiaceae (sen. strict.) and a few other families, for even he himself admitted that no one can use the definition to identify any unknown members of his family.       Finally, I feel grateful to my teacher, Professor R. C. Ching, for his constant encou- ragement and warm guidance received both in the course of my study and in the prepara-tion of the present paper.     

薄鳞蕨属的分类研究

在野外考察和室内标本研究的基础上，对薄鳞蕨属（中国蕨科）的分类进行了研究。 将2种 (华西薄鳞蕨和察隅薄鳞蕨) 和2变种（大叶薄鳞蕨和宽叶薄鳞蕨）进行了归并处理， 承认该属有4种1变种。     

云南鳞毛蕨属泡鳞亚属的分类研究

本文修订了鳞毛蕨属泡鳞亚属的特征范围，对该亚属的2个组12个种进行了分类研 究，发现其中有新种1个，云南新分布的种5个。本文还对长期混淆不清的Dryopteris labo-rdei与D．gymnosora 的分类特征还进行了清理，恢复前者为独立存在的种。     

中国实蕨属的分类修订

对实蕨属Bolbitis的17种植物的孢子进行了扫描电镜观察。根据孢子周壁特征,中国产实蕨属的孢子明显可分为3种类型：A型孢子具网状周壁,B型孢子具鸡冠状-波状周壁,C型孢子具平滑的波状周壁。孢子周壁特征、叶脉式样和叶片顶部的形态是实蕨属中最有价值的分类学性状。根据标本检查,结合野外调查和孢子形态观察,对中国产实蕨属的分类进行了修订,确定中国有实蕨属植物20种和3杂交种,其中包括2个新组合B. fengiana (Ching) S. Y. Dong和B. medogensis (Ching & S. K. Wu) S. Y. Dong,以及2个中国新分布B. costata Ching ex C. Chr.和B. hookeriana K. Iwats.。将B. latipinna Ching、B. media Ching & Chu H. Wang、B. yunnanensis Ching、Egenolfia crassifolia Ching、E. crenata Ching & P. S. Chiu、E. fengiana Ching、E. medogensis Ching & S. K. Wu和E. ×yunnanensis Ching & P. S. Chiu等8个名称处理为新异名。文中给出了分种检索表、每个种的生境和分布资料、大多数种的特征集要和孢子扫描电镜照片。     

中国珠蕨属的分类修订

对国产珠蕨属Cryptogramma R.Br.的分类进行了修订，承认2种1变种，即稀叶珠蕨C.stelleri（Gm l.）Prantl，高山珠蕨C.brunoniana Wall.ex Hook.&Grev.和珠蕨C.bru noniana var.sinensis（Christ）G.M.Zhang。将峨眉珠蕨C.emeiensis Ching&K.H.Shing并入高山珠蕨。同时对该属的系统位置进行了讨论。     

云南鳞毛蕨属植物分类概要

本文研究云南产鳞毛蕨属植物的属下分类并列出所有的种类。该属植物在云南现知至少有88种，属下可划分为3个亚属和12个组。为了使这些类群之间的特征轮廓清晰，本文提供了分亚属及分组的检索表。     

云南产耳蕨属半开羽耳蕨组的分类研究

 本文对云南产的耳蕨属半开羽耳蕨组的12种植物进行了分类学研究，并在组下建立了两个新系，报道了4个新种和一个新组合，修订了该组植物的特征范围。     

苍山蕨属的研究

eterachopsis was proposed by the senior author as an independent genus of the family Aspleniaceae in 1940 with 2 species.  Since then much study on its morpho- logy,  anatomy,  gametophyte and palynology has been carried out by Nayar,  Bir,  Chan- dra & Nayar and Chang et al.,  and they are of the opinion that the genus like Ceterach, is a comparatively primitive element in the family Aspleniaceae.  The queer zigzag pa- tern of cutting of lanceolate fronds appears extraordinary in the family Aspleniaceae, and also suggests its antiquity in evolution. So far only 3 species  (C.  dalhousiae,  C. paucivenosa and C. magnifica) are recognized,  the former from W. Himalayas,  also known from Africa,  while the latter two from W. S. China (Yunnan).  However,  in the past forty years the Chinese botanists have discovered 2 more species as new in N. W. Yunnan,  thus bringing the total known species of the genus up to 5.  The present paper is a brief summary on the genus Ceterachopsis,  which will be published in detail in the Flora Sinica vol. 4.       Pteridologists are also divided in their views regarding the generic status of Cete- rachopsis with 5 well-defined species in Yunnan and the East Himalayas.  We prefer to mintain it as a genus separate from Asplenium on account of its distinct morpholo- gical features.  It is to be hoped that more species may come to light in the mountainsin N. W. Yunnan through further exploration now under way.     

肠蕨属(Diplaziopsis C．Chr.)的研究

 The fern genus Diplaziopsis C. Chr. of Index Filicum has long been considered as a monotypic one, with the sole species, D. javanica (B1.) C. Chr. from tropical Asia.  In 1906, H. Christ described a second species, Allantodia cavaleriana Christ (=D. cavale- riana C. Chr.) from Kweichow, West China, but this was since not fully recognized by fern students in general, being often considered as a variety of the first species.  This is certainly a mistake, as is shown by ample herbarium specimens today.  In the recent work on the genus, the writer has found among the herbarium material two additional new species from China, thus bringing the genus up to four species in Asia, mainly from China, where, as it is, the genus has its center of development from the long past.      Phylogenetically, Diplaziopsis C. Chr. represents one of the offshoots from the great stock of diplazioid ferns, of which the genus Diplazium Sw. constitutes the main body of the group and from which our genus differs chiefly in its leaves of a thin texture with reticulated venation, but not so much in its type of indusium as it has generally been emphasized by most botanists in the past, for, as it is, the type of indusium in Di- plaziopsis also prevails in many species of Diplazium, for which C. B. Clarke (Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. I:495, 1880) created, but really superfluously, a subgenus Pseudal- lantodia, about which the writer will dwell in another paper in the near future.  Suffice it to say here that the indusium in Diplaziopsis as revealed by the species treated here is, indeed, typical of diplazioid ferns, only often, as it happens, with  its  adaxial  edge pressed so tight under the expanding sorus that it is unable to open freely along its upper free edge and, as a result, its thin vaulted back bursts open from the pressure of the ex- panding sorus underneath.      As a result of the present study, following four species of the genus have been re- cognized.      Diplaziopsis javanica (B1.) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. (1905) 227.      Wide spread in tropical Asia, northwardly to Bakbo and the southern part of Yun- nan, China.      D. cavaleriana (Christ) C. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl. I (1913) 25.      Ranges from West China through northern part of Fukien of East China to Japan.      D. intermedia Ching, sp. nov.      Endemic in West China:  Mt. Omei, Szechuan, and Kweichow.      D. hainanensis Ching, sp. nov.      In conclusion, it may be pointed out that with the modern plant taxonomy pursued in a more efficient manner than in the past, and especially by the introduction of the cytotaxonomic methods, the so-called “monotypic genera”, as conceived by the orthodox systematists, will continue to prove, to a great extent, to be lack of  enough  scientific ground.  The fact that the “monotypic genus” of Diplaziopsis C. Chr. is now found to be a genus of four well-defined species is once again an instance to illustrate the pointat issue.     

海桑属的新分类群

Sonneratia, a small genus of Sonneratiaceae, is widely distributed throughout SE. Asia, E. Africa and N. Australia, extending from 18˚S. to 20˚N. and from 45˚ to 150˚E. In China it occurs only in the Hainan Island. In this paper,  two new sections areproposed and six species are recognized, of which one is described as new.     

菊科福王草属的分类界限及中国菊科植物一新属——紫菊属

After having examined all specimens of the genus Prenanthes L. of Compositae in the Herbarium of Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, I find that the classic concept on the genus Prenanthes established by G. Bentham in 1873 has not been held exactly by some of Euro- pean, American, Japanese and Chinese botanists. For example, W. B. Hemsley, S. T. Dunn, A. Franchet, S. Kitamura and C. C. Chang placed plants from China which belong to other groups into the genus; I also find that the classic concept of the genus is not clear.  The present paper makes a revision not only on the classic concept of the genus, but also on its concept assumed by the above-mentionded botanists.      With the combination of numerous (25-35), white or yellow ligular florets, numerous ribs of achenes, Prenanthes alba L. (Nabalus albus (L.) Shih, comb. nov.) is distinctly different from Prenanthes purpurea L., which has the combination of purple, few (5-15) ligular flo- rests and few ribs of achenes.  Nabalus Cass., as a genus established early (1825) by H. Cassini, should be restored.  It is not reasonable to treat Nabalus as a subgenus (E. B. Babcock et al. 1947) or a section (S. Kitamura, 1956) or as a synonym (G. Bentham, 1983) of the genus Preanathes L.       The present author recognizes seven species in the new revised genus  Prenanthes L.  in China, 4 of which are described as new.  In the genus Nabalus Cass.  only one species, N. ochroleuca Maxim., is distributed in Northeast China.       As Lactuca melanantha Franch. (1895), Prenanthes henryi Dunn (1903), P. glandulosa Dunn (1903), Lactuca triflora Hemsl. (1888) (it was transferred to Prenanthes L. by C. C. Chang in 1934), Prenanthes formosana Kitam. (1934) and P. wilsoni Chang (1934) all have campanulate involucres, purple phyllaries, purple dorsi-ventrally compressed achenes, longitu- dinal rids 6-9 on each side of achene truncate and beakless at its apex and pilose tubes of co- rollae, they should be placed neither into the genus Prenanthes with obtusely tri-or pentagonous, subterete achenes and glabrous tubes of corollae, nor into the genus Lactuca with beak achenes. Besides the above-mentioned species misnamed by some of foreign and Chinese botanists, 6 other species also have the same structure in achenes and corollae.  Evidently, they fall into a new genus with the name Notoseris Shih.       The new genus Notoseris Shih of the tribe Lactuceae of Compositae seems to be more re- miniscent of Lactuca L. than of Prenanthes L. emend.       All the 12 species of the genus Notoseris Shih are endemic to China and distributed in the area of south of Yantze River. Of them 6 are new combinations and 6 are described as new.     

关于川木香属的界限问题

Almost no differences are seen in habit and infrescence between the gene- ra Vladimiria and Dolomiaea; the former that was founded on the basis of Jurinea sal- winensis Hand.-Mazz. by Iljin should be transferred to the later that was earlier found- ed on the basis of D. macrocephala DC. by De Candolle.  But considering the style which has fine, spreading and apex-acute branches in the group Vladimiria, it is reasonable to treat the group Vladimiria as a section in the genus Dolomiaea, i.e. Dolomiaea sect. Vladimiria (Iljin) Shih. Therefore, the genus Dolomiaea is expanded in the circums- cription in the present paper, not only including the primary group with short, com- pact and apex-rounded style branches, i.e. Dolomiaea sect. Dolomiaea, but also sect. Vla- dimiria (Iljin) shih with different characters of style-arms.       Nine species and 1 variety as new combinations are listed in the sect.  Vladimiria (Iljin) Shih as following: D. denticulata (Ling) Shih, D. forrestii (Diels) Shih, D. scabrida (Shih et S. Y. Jin) Shih, D. souliei(Franch.) Shih, D. souliei (Franch) Shih var. mirabilis (Anth.) Shih, D. berardioidea (Franch.) Shih, D. georgii (Anth.) Shih, D. edulis (Franch.) Shih, D. salwinensis (Hand.-Mazz.) Shih and D. platylepis (Hand. -Mazz.) Shih.     

中国杜英属的一些分类问题

本文根据最新研究结果，对国产杜英属植物进行了清理。这里报道的是对《中国植物志》 49(1)杜英属的修订和补充。它包括：(1)纠正3个错误鉴定：Elaeocarpus rugosus Poxb．=E． apiculatus sensu Merr.；E.sikkimensis Mast.=E.fleuryi sensu H.T.Chang；E.decandrus Merr.=E.chinensis sensu H.T.Chang pro parte。 (2)  发表1个新种和1个新变种：E． limitaneioides Y.Tang；E.glabripetalus Merr．var．grandifructusy．Tang．  (3)归并了4种2 变种：E．boreali-yunnanensis H．T．Chang归并为E．lacunosus Wall. ex Kurz，E.floribundioides H．T．Chang归并到E．austro-yunnanensis Hu，E.fengjieensis P.C.Tuan归并至E．duclouxii Gagnep．，E．kwangsiensis H．T．Chang归并为E.glabripetalus Merr. var．alatus(Knuth) H. T. Chang，E. glabripetalus Merr. var．teres H.T.H.T.Chang归并为E.glabripetalus var．glabripetalus，E.prunifolioides Hu var．rectinervis H.T.Chang归并至E.prunifolioidesHu。  (4)报道了一些省级分布新记录；并简单讨论了属下系统。     

中国菊科鸦葱属植物分类研究

 About 22 species of the genus Scorzonera L. are so far known to occur in China. Among them, S. pamirica Shih is described as new and 3 species, S. tau-sahyz Lipsch. et Bosse, S. pubescens DC. and S. transiliensis M. Pop., are new records to China.  Four names in the literature are reduced to synonyms,and some wrong identications in Chinese botanical literature are pointed out in this work.  Some species with considerable variation in morphology, such as, S. pseudodivaricata Lipsch. and S. sinensis Lipsch. ex Krasch., are also discussed here.