高等学校法律事务管理工作刍议

在高等教育领域落实依法治国方略,就要求高等学校积极推进依法治校工作,进一步提高学校管理法律事务的水平和能力.目前高等学校法律事务管理中存在一些问题亟待解决.加强高等学校法律事务管理是依法治国和适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要,是推进依法治校的需要,是维护学校权益的需要,也是建立现代大学制度的需要.国内很多高等学校目前都在进行法律事务管理实践,笔者也在实践中提出了建立完善的高等学校法律事务管理模式的思路和建议.     

The Labor Market and Strategies in Seeking Work

Unemployment among young people in Russia remains a serious problem, and educational qualifications continue to be a deciding factor in the labor market. Creative strategies for escaping from unemployment are frequently used, but outside of self-employment education remains the path to successful employment.     

Young lives,diverse choices and imagined futures in an education and training market

In the UK, policy developments in vocational and further education have created a market in post-16 education and training. This paper reports on an Economic and Social Research Council study and one small cohort of young people entering and moving through one such urban market. They enter with very different learning identities, aspirations and motivations, and their ‘educational inheritances’ prepare them differently for participation. Some young people simply want ajob and awage and ‘nomore learning’, others come with alongterm commitment to gaining higher qualifications. The authors both describe and explore a number of ways of conceptualizing these differences. Both despite and because of the changes in the local labour market ‘deep sub-structures of inequality’ re-emerge. The differentiation of routes and ‘spaces’ of opportunity confronting these young people are reproductive of social class divisions.     

Brand personality in higher education: anthropomorphized university marketing communications

While the university prospectus is recognized as an important marketing communication tool for higher education recruitment strategies, it has become overlooked as many researchers have focused on other communication channels, such as social media and websites. Although focus has been placed upon Higher Education Institution (HEI) brand differentiation, little is known about the similarities and differences between institutional marketing communications utilized to build their brands. This research seeks to explore and analyze the prospectuses of the top 10 HEIs in the UK and to draw comparison between their relative positions using a brand personality lens. While the brand personality trait of sincerity was common for all of the HEIs, there was clear differentiation on the basis of other traits, demonstrating that brand personality deepens our understanding of HEI positioning. Two main brand personality groupings were evident among the top 10 institutions: excitement and competence.     

Sociology of Education: Outlines Towards a Diagnosis and Thoughts on Some Major Challenges

Sociology of education in Norway has traditionally been preoccupied with the classic problems related to education and the reproduction of social inequality. As the general social scientific and political focus on inequality decreased, the sociology of education also became less visible. At the same time, the sociology of youth evolved, and brought with it a shift from theories of reproduction towards theories of individualization and cultural detachment. New challenges for sociology of education are also discussed. These are related to the educational system's position as the main socialization arena for young people, as well as new developments within educational policy, and thus within school. What kind of identities are “produced” within the educational system?     

劳动力市场二元分割制度下的高等教育投资决策及模型分析

经典人力资本投资决策模型假定劳动者面临的是同质的、自由流动的、完全竞争的劳动力市场,但现实生活中劳动力市场存在严重的二元分割制度,这就使高等教育投资决策模型与经典模型有很大的差异。模型差异的背后是"利益的差异",其来源于一级劳动力市场在收益、工作条件、社会保障、稳定性等方面的巨大优势,这种优势是人们争相进入一级劳动力市场的诱因。但如何才能进入一级劳动力市场?除了人脉关系之外,对普通家庭来说,教育作为"能力信号",教育水平的提高是突破二元结构门槛的重要途径。这也是我国家庭对子女的高等教育投资热情极高的原因。而进入一级劳动力市场所要求的教育水平的不断提升,又会使家庭和个人对教育进行持续投资,这一行为结果有利于国民文化素质的提升,但也有可能导致教育投资的过度。所以,要使我国家庭或个人对教育投资回归理性与适度,消除劳动力市场上存在的二元分割制度是前提条件。     

In the red? Debt levels at higher education institutions in China

Borrowing from banks has become a common practice among Chinese higher education institutions (HEIs), and operating with a heavy debt load has become a characteristic of Chinese higher educational development. Substantial financial commitments acquired by HEIs during their rapid expansion since 1998 are now having serious consequences: numerous universities and colleges have found themselves with major debt problems. Some are even facing insolvency. This paper describes the background of Chinese HEIs’ debt problems, assesses the present debt and repayment situation, and suggests a possible solution for the university debt crisis, using empirical evidence from one HEI in China.     

Higher Education as a Means of Upward Social Mobility

Research data show that higher education in Russia is less of a vehicle of upward mobility than it was in earlier times, not least because it is becoming less of an advantage as the percentage of people with degrees increases. This raises questions about what the goals of higher education should be, and of how to prepare young people for the job market.     

Education for sustainability in higher education; Early Childhood Studies as a site for provocation,collaboration and inquiry

Fifteen years after they were created, the UN’s Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have reached their expiration date. The United Nations asserts that surveys conducted in September 2015 suggested that only 4% of the UK public had heard of the MDG’s. The renewed focus on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) offer opportunities for higher education institutions (HEIs) to work alongside students to create a shared and contextualised awareness of sustainable development within Early Childhood Education. This aim is pertinent for those students studying Early Childhood Studies (ECS) degrees with the potential goal of working with babies, young children and their families. The research was situated within a paradigm of critical educational research to establish a shared understanding of sustainable development within a newly validated BA (Hons) ECS programme at a HEI in the Northwest of England. Visual provocations were used as a pedagogical intervention to present a disorientating dilemma, critical reflection on personal perspective and an examination of world views. Findings suggested that visual methodologies supported students to appreciate the ambiguity and contested limits of knowledge, and to draw upon wider sources related to moral and ethical principles and to established rights and responsibilities.     

Differentiation and work: inequality in degree attainment in U.S. higher education

While much stratification research has focused on understanding the patterns and consequences of differentiation, previous studies have not considered similarly important variation in students’ trajectories through higher education, and particularly their participation in the labor market. Results from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth of 1997 (NLSY97) indicate that degree completion in a differentiated system of higher education is related to students’ employment patterns. Students who begin their educational journeys in community colleges as well as students from less advantaged family backgrounds are more likely to dedicate longer hours to paid employment, which has negative consequences for degree attainment. Employment patterns contribute to gaps in degree completion among students from different family backgrounds and to a lesser extent to inequality in degree completion between students beginning postsecondary education in community colleges vs. 4-year institutions. A more complex set of patterns is revealed when examining the relationship between employment, family background, and degree attainment across different institutional types and educational credentials. These findings highlight the importance of developing a more comprehensive understanding of inequality in educational attainment by considering the relationship between differentiation and work.     

改革开放三十年高等教育管理关系大调整

改革开放以来,中国社会发生了深刻变革,高等教育亦不例外,其突出表现是高等教育管理中的关系大调整。经过调整,中央与地方政府的关系、教育主管部门与行业主管部门的关系、政府与高校的关系、高校与市场的关系、高校与受教育者个体及其家长的关系、高等教育结构关系等六大关系逐步理顺,为高等教育的发展创造了较有利的条件。     

Ivory-tower or market-oriented enterprise: the role of higher education institutions in shaping graduate employability in the domain of science

This article researches higher education (HE) managers’ perception of graduate professional success and higher education institutions’ (HEI) activity aimed at enhancing graduate employability. The issue is worth examining not only because of growing relative unemployment rates among HE graduates but also because it is a part of a heated discussion on the contemporary evolution of HEIs. We analysed 36 semi-structured interviews with representatives of HEIs offering studies in the field of science in six countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Poland, Slovenia and Turkey). Our analysis showed that there are three approaches observed, depending to a large extent on the balance between different HE stakeholders within subdomains (triple-helix theory). Our results support the hypothesis of diversification of HEIs’ models varying from the traditional ivory-tower-type university (with a dominating role of academic oligarchy) to the market-oriented educational enterprise (where the business sector is a key driver of change).     

Motivating Individuals: Growing research from a “fragile base”

Faculty around the world are experiencing changes in their academic work. While “traditional” universities are responding to demands for greater accountability and increased and timely outputs from research, faculty within new higher education institutions (HEIs) are undergoing a paradigm shift within three concentric circles of change. Not only do they have to alter their own academic practice, but their HEI is also undergoing a revolution at a time when higher education is itself being transformed. The article documents these changes, challenging the assumption that there is a homogeneous or “single academic profession” with a common experience of academic change, and suggests a more complex picture for faculty in new HEIs. There are three sections: (1) overview of the literature on academic work, (2) how faculty in new HEIs are learning to play the research game, and (3) strategies and policies being introduced to encourage and facilitate research.     

Education and the problem of social inequality in Russia

The socioeconomic changes that took place in Russia in the 1990s defined both the ideology and practice of educational reform. The answer to the question: ‘Was the educational system democratized?’, is of key importance in evaluating the social outcomes of the educational reforms. In this paper, I discuss three aspects of the problem of inequality in school education in Russia: (a) social stratification and institutional changes in the school system; (b) regional features and inequality in education; and (c) the school as the site of social differentiation. The first and second aspects are concerned with macro tendencies, and I use official statistical data in discussing these. The third aspect has a socio-psychological orientation, and here I draw on material from research undertaken by the Centre of Sociology of Education in the Russian Academy of Education.     

领先服务——西安欧亚学院案例研究

民办高校如何在强手如林的公立大学之间求得生存,如何在众多的民办高等学校之间求得发展,是社会各界关注的热点话题.西安欧亚学院是民办高等学校“西安模式“的代表之一,是民办高等学校自主创新的一个典型.其成功之处在于,它有效地运用了营销理论,提供了一种优于一般公立高等学校的“领先服务“.为此,他们实施了一系列战术,克服了不利的制度和政策环境,并及时地实现了战略转移.民办高等学校的发展决定于政府、高校领导和高校自身.     

高等教育国际化中的区域院校联盟发展

全球化进程中,各国正致力发展有兼容性、可比较性及竞争力的高等教育,以期让自己的高等院校在世界上更具吸引力,进而提高国家的竞争力.为此各国院校出现了注重竞争中强化合作的区域性联盟趋势.越来越多的院校机构,正努力通过各式跨国计划及合作组织,积极发展区域性院校联盟关系.本文主要分析了在教育国际化进程中区域性院校联盟的发展概况,探究了各国开展区域性院校联盟的基本动因,进而初步分析了区域院校联盟发展的趋向.     

Gender and Management in HEIs: Changing organisational and management structures

This paper reports on the second phase of a multi-country study examining cross cultural perspectives of gender and management in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It examines the broader labour market context and legislative frameworks for higher education in each country and then analyses the literature on women in university management. The paper presents the findings of research with male and female senior managers about their perceptions of women as HEI managers within changing organisational and management structures. It concludes that although HEI’s are now largely aware of barriers to women getting into and on in senior management, they have not addressed the organisational structures and cultures that perpetuate this inequity.

     

Gender and Management in HEIs: Changing organisational and management structures

This paper reports on the second phase of a multi‐country study examining cross cultural perspectives of gender and management in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs). It examines the broader labour market context and legislative frameworks for higher education in each country and then analyses the literature on women in university management. The paper presents the findings of research with male and female senior managers about their perceptions of women as HEI managers within changing organisational and management structures. It concludes that although HEI’s are now largely aware of barriers to women getting into and on in senior management, they have not addressed the organisational structures and cultures that perpetuate this inequity.     

简论以可雇佣性为导向的比利时职业教育

比利时重视职业技术教育,始终强调以可雇佣性为导向,以能力培养为核心。其职业教育结构及形式不断改革,以满足经济和劳动力市场发展的需要。比利时较高的可雇佣率,与其职业教育的体制、全民职业教育意识息息相关。