Perpetuating academic capitalism and maintaining gender orders through career practices in STEM in universities

Academic capitalism is an outcome of the interplay between neoliberalism, globalisation, markets and universities. Universities have embraced the commercialisation of knowledge, technology transfer and research funding as well as introducing performance and audit practices. Academic capitalism has become internalised as a regulatory mechanism by academics who attempt to accumulate academic capital. Universities are traditionally gendered organisations, reflecting the societal gender order. Despite fears regarding the feminisation of the academy, the embrace of academic capitalism is contributing to its re-masculinisation and exercises an incidental gender effect. Practicing is the means by which the gender order is constituted at work. Three practices in which academics engage are examined as exemplars of the way academics increase their academic capital stock in Science, Technology, Engineering and Maths (STEM) faculties in four European universities, in Bulgaria, Denmark, Ireland and Turkey. These practices tend to be more achievable and likely to be engaged in by men, thus, career practices are the mechanism through which the gender effect of academic capitalism is achieved, academic capitalism perpetuated and the gender order maintained in STEM in academia.     

Reshaping academic capitalism to meet development priorities: the case of public universities in Kenya

As colleges and universities have adopted a corporate model in recent decades, debate over the public versus private good associated with higher education has surged. The deliberations have typically been entrenched in Western notions about academia’s contributions to development and scholars have framed academic capitalism dichotomously; a force for good or evil. Far less is known about the market model of higher education in developing nations. We sought to explore this gap by examining how faculty and staff at two public universities in Africa view the intersection of marketization and development.     

Towards a theory of transnational academic capitalism

This article draws attention to the relative lack of theoretically and methodologically elaborated approaches to understand and explain the complex relations between transnationalization of higher education and globalization seen especially from the point of view of global capitalism. The main aim of this article is to contribute to the construction of a theory of transnational academic capitalism (TAC). A theory of TAC argues that those networks, practices and activities that are blurring the boundaries between higher education, markets and states are increasingly becoming transnational without supposing that this transformation implies that local and national levels are insignificant in studying TAC. In this respect, focus is especially on methodological starting points of a theory of TAC. It is argued that a theory of TAC should be based on sociological relationalism and qualified methodological transnationalism.     

论学术资本主义的生成逻辑与价值冲突

学术资本主义是一种市场导向的知识生产与转化方式,是一种基于专业化理念的大学组织与管理模式,是一个影响大学及其成员身份定位的文化系统。政治上的新自由主义浪潮,经济上的资源依附压力,社会文化中的绩效至上、自由竞争理念,大学自身在全球化时代的组织转型等因素共同促成了学术资本主义的生成。学术资本主义隐含有一系列价值冲突,表现在大学自身的属性定位、学术科研导向及大学治理变革上。     

学术资本主义与研究生创新能力

作为学术活动市场化产物的学术资本主义,已渗透到高等教育的新型理念中。在掌握“能知”知识、培养洞察力、树立切合实际的利益观、获得跨学科知识和社会规训等方面,学术资本主义对研究生创新教育起到了重要的促进作用。保持两者之间适当的张力,可以使学术资本主义活动更好地服务于研究生教育。     

China's universities and Western academic models

China's Cultural Revolution began in the universities where Mao was able to gain strong support for his vision of radical societal transformation by a focus on two issues: the need to uproot persisting traditional values and patterns, summed up under the four olds, and a call to shatter the shackles of all foreign dogmas which was clearly directed at prominent Soviet influences in Chinese higher education. This essay briefly summarizes the main characteristics of China's traditional scholarly institutions, then considers the western academic models introduced by foreign missionaries, those selected and implemented by Chinese modernizers and finally the Soviet academic model adopted by Chinese Communist leaders in the fifties. The historical lessons drawn from this overview provide a context for some critical reflection on the ways in which western academic models are once again affecting reforms underway in Chinese higher education since 1978.     

高校创业实验室的建设与探索

高校创业实验室的建立与运行是传统创业工作模式的升级,具有重大的现实意义。阐述了高校创业实验室的定位,结构及建设条件;通过创业过程仿真模拟、创业实训孵化、创业教研和师资培养等一体化建设方式,全面提升高校创业工作的实效性。     

走向创业型大学:中国的应对与挑战

创业型大学有四个不同于以往大学的典型特征:学术立业的组织结构、不断创新的创业文化、学术资本的师生共识、协同创新的契约关系。作为仍处于发展中的全球高等教育变革的当代现象,创业型大学已成为知识社会的心脏,围绕学术创业,它的知识逻辑、使命和功能皆发生了深刻变化。中国从变革高等教育结构、建设专业学位、创建自主创新的高科技园区等方面积极回应了这一高等教育的伟大变革,但是囿于旧的大学观念、体制和文化的局限,向创业型大学的转型仍然存在诸多困难,面临着巨大的挑战。     

论地方新建普通本科院校学生创业教育

高等教育的大众化和国际化呼唤创业教育,当前地方新建普通本科院校加强创业教育是时代的选择、是理性的必然选择,也是学校自身发展的战略选择,存在的主要问题表现在办学理念、师资队伍、课程体系、创业文化、政策保障等环节还比较薄弱,其模式的构建应充分彰显中国特色、地域特点和校本特征。     

Executive power and scaled-up gender subtexts in Australian entrepreneurial universities

Deputy Vice Chancellor and Pro Vice Chancellor positions have proliferated in response to the global, corporatised university landscape [Scott, G., S. Bell, H. Coates, and L. Grebennikov. 2010. “Australian Higher Education Leaders in Times of Change: The Role of Pro Vice Chancellor and Deputy Vice Chancellor.” Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 32 (4): 401–418]. Senior leadership is the sphere where academic and management identities are negotiated and values around the role of the university are decided. This paper examines the changing and gendered nature of the senior leadership setting and its implications for diversity in and of university leadership. The analysis draws from a three-year empirical study funded by the Australian Research Council on leadership in Australian universities. It focuses on executive leaders in three universities – one which is research-intensive, the second, in a regional site, and the third, university of technology. The article argues that the university landscape and its management systems are being restructured in gendered ways. It utilises the notion of organisational gender subtexts to make explicit how gender works through structural and cultural reform.     

Allocation of academic staff in universities

This article is concerned with allocation of academic staff between departments in a university. The article considers general principles of staff allocation and then goes on to consider specific techniques for university staff allocation. Practical problems likely to be associated with implementing the results of a given method of staff allocation are also discussed. Finally the question of decentralised decision-making and possibility of allowing some freedom of choice between appointment of academic staff and other resources is considered.     

基于学术属性的现代大学组织结构

在对现代大学组织结构分析的基础上,比较了中外大学组织结构的差异.借鉴国外现代大学治理的经验,根据"学术为本"的原则,提出了适合我国国情的现代大学组织设计思路与模式,为现代大学制度建设提供必要的理论支持.     

高校创业型人才培养探索

开展创业教育,培养学生的创业素质,是当前各级教育机构亟待加强的一项重要工作。创业素质教育包括创业意识教育、创业能力培养、创业心理素质锻炼。实施创业素质教育需要转变传统的教育观和就业观,整合校内资源,优化校外环境,将创业教育渗透到教育活动的各个环节中。     

Worlds of higher education transformed: toward varieties of academic capitalism

This article explores the changing character and consequences of state authorities’ evolving relationships with universities in the United States, Germany, and Norway—typical cases for different national worlds of higher education. It argues that across the three OECD countries, welfare states have strengthened market principles in university governance, yet shaped competition in different ways. This conceptualization of institutional changes makes two seemingly conflicting perspectives compatible: one diagnosing national convergence on academic capitalism and one arguing for lasting divergence across national political economic regimes. Upon proposing ideal-typical trajectories of market-making institutional liberalization, the article explores path-dependent movement toward varieties of academic capitalism in the three countries. The findings on the socio-economic effects of this transformation suggest the need to moderate expectations on the ability of reformed higher education systems to contain contemporary societies’ centrifugal forces.     

高校创业素质培养的新思路探析

面对日益增大的就业压力,很多高校毕业生另辟蹊径,探索自主创业之路。通过对当今高校学生创业素质的分析研究,以高校创业教育活动为依托,力求探讨出高校在培养和提升大学生创业素质方面的新思路。     

大学学术组织结构的创新

大学学术组织的外在表现是院、系、所等 ,而其内在结构传统上包括专业科层结构、事业部结构和矩阵结构。此类结构往往过分强调分工 ,忽视整合 ;静止僵化 ;管理层次过多 ,阻碍信息交流 ;扼杀个性 ,不利于学术人员创造性的发挥。网络组织结构、虚拟组织结构、学术团队作为创新的大学学术组织结构 ,则克服了上述弊端。