QPLSA: Utilizing quad-tuples for aspect identification and rating

Aspect level sentiment analysis is important for numerous opinion mining and market analysis applications. In this paper, we study the problem of identifying and rating review aspects, which is the fundamental task in aspect level sentiment analysis. Previous review aspect analysis methods seldom consider entity or rating but only 2-tuples, i.e., head and modifier pair, e.g., in the phrase “nice room”, “room” is the head and “nice” is the modifier. To solve this problem, we novelly present a Quad-tuple Probability Latent Semantic Analysis (QPLSA), which incorporates entity and its rating together with the 2-tuples into the PLSA model. Specifically, QPLSA not only generates fine-granularity aspects, but also captures the correlations between words and ratings. We also develop two novel prediction approaches, the Quad-tuple Prediction (from the global perspective) and the Expectation Prediction (from the local perspective). For evaluation, systematic experiments show that: Quad-tuple PLSA outperforms 2-tuple PLSA significantly on both aspect identification and aspect rating prediction for publication datasets. Moreover, for aspect rating prediction, QPLSA shows significant superiority over state-of-the-art baseline methods. Besides, the Quad-tuple Prediction and the Expectation Prediction also show their strong ability in aspect rating on different datasets.     

Polarity shift detection,elimination and ensemble: A three-stage model for document-level sentiment analysis

The polarity shift problem is a major factor that affects classification performance of machine-learning-based sentiment analysis systems. In this paper, we propose a three-stage cascade model to address the polarity shift problem in the context of document-level sentiment classification. We first split each document into a set of subsentences and build a hybrid model that employs rules and statistical methods to detect explicit and implicit polarity shifts, respectively. Secondly, we propose a polarity shift elimination method, to remove polarity shift in negations. Finally, we train base classifiers on training subsets divided by different types of polarity shifts, and use a weighted combination of the component classifiers for sentiment classification. The results on a range of experiments illustrate that our approach significantly outperforms several alternative methods for polarity shift detection and elimination.     

Exploiting aspectual features and connecting words for summarization-inspired temporal-relation extraction

This paper presents a model that incorporates contemporary theories of tense and aspect and develops a new framework for extracting temporal relations between two sentence-internal events, given their tense, aspect, and a temporal connecting word relating the two events. A linguistic constraint on event combination has been implemented to detect incorrect parser analyses and potentially apply syntactic reanalysis or semantic reinterpretation—in preparation for subsequent processing for multi-document summarization. An important contribution of this work is the extension of two different existing theoretical frameworks—Hornstein’s 1990 theory of tense analysis and Allen’s 1984 theory on event ordering—and the combination of both into a unified system for representing and constraining combinations of different event types (points, closed intervals, and open-ended intervals). We show that our theoretical results have been verified in a large-scale corpus analysis. The framework is designed to inform a temporally motivated sentence-ordering module in an implemented multi-document summarization system.     

Multimedia augmented m-learning: Issues,trends and open challenges

The advancement in mobile technology and the introduction of cloud computing systems enable the use of educational materials on mobile devices for a location- and time-agnostic learning process. These educational materials are delivered in the form of data and compute-intensive multimedia-enabled learning objects. Given these constraints, the desired objective of mobile learning (m-learning) may not be achieved. Accordingly, a number of m-learning systems are being developed by the industry and academia to transform society into a pervasive educational institute. However, no guideline on the technical issues concerning the m-learning environment is available. In this study, we present a taxonomy of such technical issues that can impede the life cycle of multimedia-enabled m-learning applications. The taxonomy is devised based on the issues related to mobile device heterogeneity, network performance, content heterogeneity, content delivery, and user expectation. These issues are discussed, along with their causes and measures, to achieve solutions. Furthermore, we identify several trending areas through which the adaptability and acceptability of multimedia-enabled m-learning platforms can be increased. Finally, we discuss open challenges, such as low complexity encoding, data dependency, measurement and modeling, interoperability, and security as future research directions.     

PolarityRank: Finding an equilibrium between followers and contraries in a network

In this paper we present the relevance ranking algorithm named PolarityRank. This algorithm is inspired in PageRank, the webpage relevance calculus method used by Google, and generalizes it to deal with graphs having not only positive but also negative weighted arcs. Besides the definition of our algorithm, this paper includes the algebraic justification, the convergence demonstration and an empirical study in which PolarityRank is applied to two unrelated tasks where a graph with positive and negative weights can be built: the calculation of word semantic orientation and instance selection from a learning dataset.     

虚拟团队研究:回顾、分析和展望

本文采用质的研究方法对国内近年来出现的虚拟团队研究进行检索、编码和分析,从研究设计和方法、研究主题和内容的角度对国内的虚拟团队研究进行了回顾,并比较了国内和国外虚拟团队研究上的差异,最后指出了未来国内虚拟团队研究的努力方向。     

Unmasking text plagiarism using syntactic-semantic based natural language processing techniques: Comparisons,analysis and challenges

The proposed work aims to explore and compare the potency of syntactic-semantic based linguistic structures in plagiarism detection using natural language processing techniques. The current work explores linguistic features, viz., part of speech tags, chunks and semantic roles in detecting plagiarized fragments and utilizes a combined syntactic-semantic similarity metric, which extracts the semantic concepts from WordNet lexical database. The linguistic information is utilized for effective pre-processing and for availing semantically relevant comparisons. Another major contribution is the analysis of the proposed approach on plagiarism cases of various complexity levels. The impact of plagiarism types and complexity levels, upon the features extracted is analyzed and discussed. Further, unlike the existing systems, which were evaluated on some limited data sets, the proposed approach is evaluated on a larger scale using the plagiarism corpus provided by PAN¹ competition from 2009 to 2014. The approach presented considerable improvement in comparison with the top-ranked systems of the respective years. The evaluation and analysis with various cases of plagiarism also reflected the supremacy of deeper linguistic features for identifying manually plagiarized data.     

学术网络空间的主题发现与信息组织研究的力作 ——评《学术Web主题结构挖掘研究》

[目的/意义]对社会科学视角下Web主题结构挖掘研究的最新著作进行述评.[方法/过程]从数据采集技术、主题信息抽取和专题Web信息资源组织等方面,介绍了《学术Web主题结构挖掘研究》一书的核心内容,并点评了其主要研究贡献.[结果/结论]该书为宏观Web主题结构分析研究提供了系统化的解决方案,是近年来这一研究方向为数不多...     

《科学学研究》2001-2003年载文、作者和引文的统计分析

应用文献计量学的方法,对2001-2003年共16期《科学学研究》作了定量分析,并与相关文献进行比较。结果表明:该刊载文量适中,基金项目论文占37.50%;平均出版时滞165天,共有31篇载文的出版时滞仅为3个月;论文合著率60.51%,合作度1.85,该刊稿源丰广,又拥有一批核心作者和核心作者群;第一作者中具有高级职称的占58.97%,博士和博士研究生占42.17%,年龄31～40岁的占43.80%;篇均引文9.07条,引文种类多样,质量上乘。     

Connection and stratification in research collaboration: An analysis of the COLLNET network

Co-authorship among scientists represents a prototype of a social network. By mapping the graph containing all relevant publications of members in an international collaboration network: COLLNET, we infer the structural mechanisms that govern the topology of this social system. The structure of the network affects the information available to individuals, and their opportunities to collaborate. The structure of the network also affects the overall flow of information, and the nature of the scientific community. We present a number of measures of both the macro- (whole-network) and micro- (actor-centered) structure of collaboration, and apply these to COLLNET. We find that this scientific community displays many aspects of a “small-world,” and is somewhat vulnerable to disruption should major figures become inactive. We also find inequality in the roles played by individuals in the network. The inequalities, however, do not create a closed and isolated “core” or elite.     

转型中的中国科学:科研不端行为及其诱因分析

20世纪80年代我国开始科技体制改革，与此同时，科技界开始了一场围绕科研学术道德问题的旷日持久的大讨论。本文从这一现象出发，提出为什么经过20年来的道德反思，科研学术道德问题非但没有被消解，反而愈演愈烈，并且已经成为一种影响我国科学技术健康发展之重要因素而倍受科技界同仁所广泛关注的追问。基于这个问题，本文从体制环境和现存制度的层面，对我国科研不端行为的发生与蔓延现象做出诱因分析，并进一步深入探讨了诱因形成深层原因。     

Big TAM in Oman: Exploring the promise of on-line banking,its adoption by customers and the challenges of banking in Oman

Information and communication technology (ICT) developments and trends in recent years have had great impact on the banking sector worldwide. In many developed and developing countries, the use of disruptive innovation technologies has accelerated change in the way banking business is conducted, consumers being swept along with such change. However, in many countries, such as Oman, there are deep routed cultural and religious factors that cause consumers to question the acceptance of such changes. Through the use of a theoretical framework built on technology acceptance frameworks and models, and empirical evidence from key market segments of the Omani banking market, the research explores the factors that influence Omani consumer acceptance of on-line banking. The findings are significant in that trust, usability and perceived quality are deemed key drivers. This is probably not unexpected, however, what is interesting is that the market profile is skewed to middle aged users, with social standing and “herd” mentality does not affect the adoption of the technology. This, combined with the emerging mobile savvy younger generation poses an interesting challenge for the future of the banking sector in Oman and implies a need for the sector to rethink the strategic use of, and approach to, implementation of on-line banking in a way that is complementary to the cultural and ethological dimension of the market. In effect, the banking sector will need to manage the covert tension between technology driving “fast time”, and the Omani culture, religion and tradition demanding face to face “slow time”.     

Ethical codes in the digital world: comparisons of the proprietary,the open/free and the cracker system

The digital world provides various ethical frames for individuals to become ethical subjects. In this paper I examine – in a Foucauldian and Luhmannian way – the differences between three systems of communication: the proprietary, the open/free and the cracker system. It is argued that all three systems provide a different set of ethical codes which one can be subjected to. The language of each system is restricted and they cannot understand each other, they merely consider each other as the environment. The systems generate a diversity of ethical codes as they give different shapes to digital objects. To proprietary software companies digital objects are an instrument of financial profit. The free software/open source movement emphasises transparency; the end user must be able to view and alter the source code. The cracker scene sees digital objects in a different way. For this particular system, only copy-protected digital objects are appealing. Copy protection binds its target to the world of matter. Breaking the protection is the ultimate challenge and a way to gain honour and status inside the cracker scene. A copy-protected digital object is simultaneously an utmost example of the hidden source code (the open/free system), a perfect artefact that can be owned and sold (the proprietary system) and a challenge to be cracked (the cracker system).     

四川省牦牛坪稀土矿床成矿流体与碳酸岩-正长岩杂岩体成因联系评述

四川省牦牛坪稀土矿床是中国第二大原生轻稀土矿床 ,萤石是矿区主要脉石矿物之一 ,碳酸岩和正长岩在空间和时间上与稀土成矿存在密切联系 .在过去萤石和碳酸岩 -正长岩杂岩体地球化学研究的基础上 ,评述了稀土成矿流体与碳酸岩 正长岩杂岩体的成因联系 .矿区碳酸岩和正长岩具有相似的REE配分模式、( 87Sr 86Sr)0 ,( 14 3 Nd 14 4 Nd)0 ,2 0 6Pb 2 0 4Pb ,2 0 8Pb 2 0 4Pb同位素比值 ,位于地幔端元EM1和EM2之间 ,它们是造山环境的产物 .与稀土矿化共生的萤石显示不同的稀土配分模式 ,但是它们具有一致的Sr、Nd、Pb同位素比值 ,与碳酸岩和正长岩相似 .这些表明不同稀土特征的萤石来自相同的源区 ,稀土成矿流体与碳酸岩和正长岩岩浆存在密切联系 .     

企业联盟知识共享动因、障碍及克服

针对企业间的知识共享问题,从企业联盟的角度首先分析了企业联盟知识共享动因和影响企业联盟知识共享的主要障碍,并提出了克服障碍的相应对策,包括着重促进企业联盟隐性知识的共享、培养联盟伙伴间良好的信任度、完善企业联盟的共享服务平台、加强企业联盟自身的管理和建立企业联盟知识共享与保护的平衡机制等。     

Review of “Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice” by Croft,Metzler and Strohman

Despite the common public use of Web search engines, their internal design details mostly remain as a black art. The speculation is that there is a significant knowledge gap between what is published by academia and what is guarded behind the doors of large-scale search companies. “Search Engines: Information Retrieval in Practice” is one of the few books that make an attempt to cover issues involved in search engine design and is probably the most comprehensive book published so far on this topic. Unfortunately, the book fails to be a complete search engine guide as its content is dominated by the topics from information retrieval, text processing, and statistics. More precisely, the focus of the book is biased towards the “search” rather than the “engines” as, in most places, discussions on effectiveness dominate those on efficiency by a great margin. However, the book stands as a very solid IR book.     

Social learning by doing in sustainable transport innovations: Ex-post analysis of common factors behind successes and failures

This article presents the results of a study into the factors governing success and failure in innovative projects in the area of sustainable transport. This can be regarded as an important example of ‘social learning by doing’. Data obtained through interviews with key players in eight ambitious innovation cases for the Netherlands are analysed. Common factors are identified and a statistical correlation analysis of success and failure factors is performed. We find that it is predominantly the political, process-related, socio-cultural and psychological factors that determine whether a project succeeds or fails. Technical/content-related and economic factors appear to be less important. Administrative/legal factors play an intermediate role.     

The effects of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin

Introductıon:

We evaluated the effect of different syringe volume, needle size and sample volume on blood gas analysis in syringes washed with heparin.

Materials and methods:

In this multi-step experimental study, percent dilution ratios (PDRs) and final heparin concentrations (FHCs) were calculated by gravimetric method for determining the effect of syringe volume (1, 2, 5 and 10 mL), needle size (20, 21, 22, 25 and 26 G) and sample volume (0.5, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mL). The effect of different PDRs and FHCs on blood gas and electrolyte parameters were determined. The erroneous results from nonstandardized sampling were evaluated according to RiliBAK’s TEa.

Results:

The increase of PDRs and FHCs was associated with the decrease of syringe volume, the increase of needle size and the decrease of sample volume: from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in 10 mL-syringe to 7.0% and 351 IU/mL in 1 mL-syringe; from 4.9% and 245 IU/mL in 26G to 7.6% and 380 IU/mL in 20 G with combined 1 mL syringe; from 2.0% and 100 IU/mL in full-filled sample to 34% and 1675 IU/mL in 0.5 mL suctioned sample into 10 mL-syringe. There was no statistical difference in pH; but the percent decreasing in pCO₂, K⁺, iCa²⁺, iMg²⁺; the percent increasing in pO₂ and Na⁺ were statistical significance compared to samples full-filled in syringes. The all changes in pH and pO₂ were acceptable; but the changes in pCO₂, Na⁺, K⁺ and iCa²⁺ were unacceptable according to TEa limits except fullfilled-syringes.

Conclusions:

The changes in PDRs and FHCs due nonstandardized sampling in syringe washed with liquid heparin give rise to erroneous test results for pCO₂ and electrolytes.