关于马克思自由时间范畴的再思考

在马克思的理论视域中,自由时间是非劳动时间,是扣除了必要生理需要时间之后的非劳动时间,因为生理需要时间的非劳动性而将之归入自由时间领域是对马克思相关界定的误读与误解。自由时间是休闲时间,尽管马克思没有明确使用休闲字眼,但他关于人们在自由时间中所从事的自由活动的相关论述是对休闲的最好诠释。当然,自由时间从根本上说是一种发展时间。马克思的理论旨趣在于探求一切人自由发展的现实条件和实现途径,休闲的自由并不等于无的放矢,自由的休闲活动必须渗透主体精神,彰显人的自我发展目的。     

人工智能时代劳动自由面临的新型挑战及路径回应——从概念与历史的视角看

基于以扬弃异化的物质生产劳动为基础，以实现人的本质力量为目的，以自由时间中的科学艺术活动为典范的马克思劳动自由内涵，人工智能或可挑战异化劳动的扬弃、人的主体性与自由时间。文章试图从唯物史观维度，将人工智能问题置于历代工业革命发展的视域中，着重阐述人工智能挑战劳动自由的新特征，即替代劳动的广泛性、机器资本化加剧与自我剥削严重，从这些特征中可发现，人工智能挑战劳动自由的根源是资本逻辑的局限性。因此，基于公有制的社会主义成为消除人工智能挑战的制度性路径；共产主义成为消除智能时代人的自我异化和私有制问题的整体性路径；国家、社会和个人等多元主体基于以人为本形成的理念成为协同消除人工智能挑战的现实性路径。     

人的全面发展视阈中休闲的伦理本性

马克思理论体系的核心终极价值是个人的自由全面发展,它有两个内在逻辑基点,一是劳动,二是休闲,真正实现自身解放和自由全面发展的人是能够同时主宰自己劳动和休闲的人。后一个基点正是马克思思想的潜在内在逻辑,只是长期被人们忽视了。作为一种生活实践,休闲可以满足人们的自我实现的需要,塑造人的自由个性,促进人的全面发展。在当今消费社会中,我们应该确立科学休闲价值观,促进人的全面发展。     

数字异化视域下青年的时间焦虑及其破解路径

数字异化是资本逻辑操纵数字技术对劳动异化的延伸，是劳动异化的当代表现形式。资本与数字技术的深度融合榨取了青年的自由时间，增进了资本对时间与劳动的隐蔽性统治，同时抽离和驯化了青年的主体性，使其丧失对时间的自主控制。由此催生了青年不同样态的时间焦虑，突出表现为“边缘化”焦虑、“倒计时”焦虑、“失控感”焦虑。摆脱数字异化对青年的宰制，既是青年实现个人发展的内在诉求，也是数字化社会需要直面的问题。合理管控数字平台与社会多方力量的支持是青年可持续发展的重要基础，正向价值观引导是青年回归理性的必要保障，加强自我建构和促进全面发展是青年主体性复归的重要途径。     

新时代劳动教育与休闲教育融合发展：基点、内核与实践

劳动教育与休闲教育是一对对立统一范畴,二者处于同一连续系统中,以人为对象,自觉统合于人的自由全面发展。劳动教育与休闲教育融合发展具有理论基点、历史基点和现实基点;教育目标指向的一致性、教育内容供给的互补性和教育策略实施的互通性是劳动教育与休闲教育融合发展的理念内核;理念先行、行动跟进和机制保障是新时代劳动教育与休闲教育融合发展的重要实践取向。从逻辑基点、理念内核、实践向度三个层面把握新时代劳动教育与休闲教育融合发展,既有助于培养自由全面发展的时代新人,又有利于构建新时代人民美好生活。     

雇佣劳动向自由劳动的转变——主客体双重线索的共同作用

马克思雇佣劳动概念与历史唯物主义的深层建构主要表现在他从主体向度与客体向度辩证统一的角度对社会生活过程的本质内涵进行的深层解剖,其主体批判线索深深内置于历史性生产关系的发展线索之中.同时,伴随着雇佣劳动的发展必然会带来拜物教问题,没有生产力与生产关系这一内在矛盾在现实生活中的内在凸现,工人阶级是无法真正冲破资本主义意识形态和资本拜物教的观念牢笼.因此,对雇佣劳动所带来的拜物教的主体向度的批判是建立在客体向度成熟的根基之上的,经过主客体双重线索的共同作用,资本主义社会中的“雇佣劳动”必然向“真正自由的劳动”发展,由此,人类社会也就实现了由“必然王国”向“自由王国”的历史飞跃.     

论运动休闲中的精神愉悦

人的完整性要求在体育文化实践中关爱主体的精神需求,运动休闲中的不确定性和确定性也要求关注主体的精神愉悦。主体对自由时间与主观合目的性的掌握使把运动休闲视为审美游戏具有了可能。在主体实现运动休闲的审美游戏化后,对运动休闲中美与自由的观照,促使了运动休闲中主体层面的精神愉悦。     

马克思大众休闲思想的现实意义

马克思主义的诞生是休闲理想大众化进程的里程碑。马克思把人类的生活时间分为劳动时间和自由时间,发现了大众休闲生活的前提条件。他把自由时间看作人的积极存在和积极发展的空间,而对自由时间的积极利用,这就使大众休闲具有了实际内容。在马克思看来,休闲生活的终极价值不仅在于个人获得自由时间,个人得到充分发展,而且在于所有人都获得自由时间,所有人都得到充分发展,从而提出了大众休闲生活的终极理想。     

马克思论资本的文明作用——《1857—1858年经济学手稿》研究

马克思在《1857—1858年经济学手稿》中论述了资本的明作用，它表现为由提高劳动生产力而产生的剩余劳动，由交换的扩大而形成的世界市场，以及由缩短劳动时间而出现的自由时间，这些因素为人的自由而全面发展提供了不可缺少的条件。深入研究马克思关于资本明作用的理论，对于正确认识资本与资本主义的关系，特别是对于加快我国社会的发展，显然具有十分重要的意义。     

网络主体:主体性的张扬与迷失

在网络生存中,主体以虚拟的形式,在无限空间中自由翱翔,自由创造,主体的自由、创造、独立性得到了极大的展示,主体性得到真正的回归和激烈的张扬。但是,由于网络主体的虚拟性、非现实性、超越性,使主体在无穷的空间迷失了方向,迷失了自我,找不回真正的存在,导致了主体性的迷惘。主体性在资本逻辑中受到商品拜物教冲击而迷失转换为因网络虚拟形态而再次迷失,是对现实主体生存的又一次挑战。破解和回应这一挑战,构成当今发展哲学思考的又一主题。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.