Cost analysis of televised instruction for continuing professional education

As knowledge expands in many professional fields the provision of continuing education for full-time employed professionals becomes increasingly important. The Stanford Instructional Television System, which entails open air broadcast of programs received by students at their places of employment, represents a feasible alternative for accomplishing the taks of continuing education. The emphasis in this study is on the costs of the system. Costs and utilization for the years 1968 through 1974 are presented along with annual projections to 1987. Two types of cost models are used to analyze this data. The first model provides information of the change in annual total cost with increased student utilization and course hours. The second model provides information on the average costs per student per year, over any assumed project length from any initial year. The two models are consistent. The initial equipment investment was US $ 1,187,300. In 1974 recurrent costs were US $ 206,800 (exclusive of teacher costs) to service 3,762 students and produce 6,290 hours of programs.San Jose State University     

Age and directed-participation variables influencing the effectiveness of televised instruction in concrete operational behaviors

Head Start preschoolers on an isolated Papago reservation in southern Arizona were subjects of two studies of the effects of televised instruction and directed participation on teaching enumeration and conservation skills. Television instruction was most effective when used with active, directed participation and corrective feedback, but this, as well as amount and skills learned, varied with age. The televised segments used linear sequencing rather than the fragmented approach of Sesame Street. This research was supported in part by grant OCD-CB-479 from the Children’s Bureau, Office of Child Development, U.S. Office of Education. The authors appreciate the cooperation and participation of the Papago Tribe and the staffs of Head Start centers at San Xavier, Sells, and Pisinimo, Arizona. Special thanks are extended to Thora Schultz, who facilitated liaison on the Papago Reservation, and Margie Francisco, Elizabeth Siqueros, Edith Manuel, Pat Mendez, Elaine Williams, and Irma Dean Edmund, who contributed to instructional development and data collection.     

试论创造性教学

培养和发展学生的创造性,是当前国内外教学改革的主题.创造性教学应遵循主体性、民主性和差异性原则.树立新的创造性教学观,改革课堂教学方法,大力培养创造性教师.     

数字媒体实验室开放性项目教学研究

立足"数字媒体实验室",从内容改革、环境建设、组织研究、师资力量、评价体系和制度建设等方面,开展开放性项目教学研究,并通过3年的实践检验,取得了良好的效果.     

课程与教学实验室的建设与探索

华南师范大学在国内首次创建了课程与教学实验室.该实验室基于“模块化”理念,将实验室基本架构分为四大平台,并以此为基础,构建了以基础知识实验、基本技能实验、学科专业实验、教育信息技术实验、教育管理与科研实验等5个模块组成的系统化、层次化的实验教学体系结构.建立了实验教学综合信息平台,按照以学生为中心、整体优化和资源共享的原则,实现了实验教学和实验室管理的信息化.     

A comparison of student performance following instruction by interactive videodisc versus conventional laboratory

This experimental study compared an interactive computer/videodisc learning approach to the conventional laboratory approach for learning biology concepts and science process skills. Students at a large midwestern university were randomly assigned to instruction on respiration and biogeography by interactive videodisc or a traditional laboratory investigation teaching the same concepts. The videodisc delivery system consisted of a TRS-80 Model III microcomputer interfaced to a Pioneer laser disc player and a color TV monitor. Results show no statistically significant differences between the two approaches for student grades on laboratory quizzes, laboratory reports, and the laboratory final exam. However, the interactive videodisc group required approximately one-half the classroom time used by the conventional laboratory group. The two approaches appear equivalent when evaluated by traditional learning outcomes, but the interactive videodisc strategy was significantly more time efficient than a traditional laboratory approach.     

A comparison of student reactions to biology instruction by interactive videodisc or conventional laboratory

This study was designed to learn if students perceived an interactive computer/videodisc learning system to represent a viable alternative to (or extension of) the conventional laboratory for learning biology skills and concepts normally taught under classroom laboratory conditions. Data were collected by questionnaire for introductory biology classes at a large midwestern university where students were randomly assigned to two interactive videodisc/computer lessons titled Respiration and Climate and Life or traditional laboratory investigation with the same titles and concepts. The interactive videodisc system consisted of a TRS-80 Model III microcomputer interfaced to a Pioneer laser-disc player and a color TV monitor. Students indicated an overall level satisfaction with this strategy very similar to that of conventional laboratory instruction. Students frequently remarked that videodisc instruction gave them more experimental and procedural options and more efficient use of instructional time than did the conventional laboratory mode. These two results are consistent with past CAI research. Students also had a strong perception that the images on the videodisc “were not real” and this factor was perceived as having both advantages and disadvantages. Students found the two approaches to be equivalent to conventional laboratory instruction in the areas of general interest, understanding of basic principles, help on examinations, and attitude toward science. The student-opinion data in this study do not suggest that interactive videodisc technology serve as a substitute to the “wet” laboratory experience, but that this medium may enrich the spectrum of educational experiences usually not possible in typical classroom settings.     

大学英语听力策略培训实践研究

本章在听力策略培训相关研究的基础上,对听力策略培训的模式、教学方法、效果尤其是培训的内容等方面进行了探讨,并对融合式听力策略培训实验进行反思,得出关于听力策略培训、大学英语课程设置方面的启示.     

教师自主发展初探

教师自主发展属于内源性发展,是教师专业发展中重要的组成部分。专业反思、自主自控和自我更新是教师自主发展的三大基本特征。塑造自己的专业人格,丰富关于学生的知识,更新专业知识结构,对直接相关的国家课程或地方课程进行再开发,参与校本课程开发,研习新课程理论和学习运用现代教育技术手段等是教师自主发展的主要内容。确定专业发展目标、开发利用学习资源、设计专业发展策略和评价专业发展结果是教师自主发展的具体步骤。     

Transition planning and writing instruction: the effects of a brief intervention

This study used a multiple probe design across behaviours to determine if four high school students with learning disabilities could plan post‐school transition goals using a modified GO 4 IT … NOW! intervention while learning essential paragraph and essay writing skills. The results of this study indicate a functional relationship between the intervention and increased writing skills needed for high‐stakes testing and increases in students' knowledge of transition planning. During baseline, students produced extremely short essays and did not include essential paragraph elements. After instruction, students wrote longer compositions and included more details, and paragraphs contained more paragraph elements. All participants increased essay quality during the intervention as measured by the rubric used to evaluate end‐of‐instruction writing prompts.     

英语自主学习能力的培养

本文通过分析英语学习活动的层次、英语自主学习的指导思想原则，说明培养学生英语自主学习能力的重要性和必要性，并对英语自主学习能力的培养策略作了粗浅的探索。     

研究生参与本科实验教学发挥重要作用

实验教学是培养学生实践能力、创新精神和科学素质的重要手段，在读研究生在实验教学环节中可发挥重要作用，可以从事实验教学和实验室管理工作。该文着重探讨在高校实验教学中，研究生参与助教助管工作的必要性和迫切性，以及研究生如何做好助教助管工作。     

多模态教学理论在大学英语词汇教学中的应用

随着教育改革和科学进步的逐渐结合,众多高校的英语词汇教学充分的有效地利用多媒体网络工具结合多摸态教学理论,把多模态教学理论用于大学英语词汇教学中去,多模态词汇教学法能够充分调动大学生的直观主动性参与词汇教学活动,提高学生自主学习词汇的主观兴趣同时也了对词汇的记忆,提高了学生对词汇运用的准确性。     

A case study of reading instruction in a Philippine classroom

In this article, we describe the reading practices in a public and high-achieving 6th grade English classroom in the Philippines. By utilizing a four resources model, we discuss the different roles that students assume in this classroom. Students in this class are mainly code breakers and text users and have limited opportunities to assume the other two roles of the four resources model. This case study provides a different view of reading, specifically a view of a culture of reading wherein higher status is given to oral reading performance rather than comprehension. We describe the way a high-achieving 6th grade Philippine classroom perceives reading. Through this article, we would like to contribute to the research literature on Philippine education and increase our knowledge of reading practices as they are conceived and practised in this particular classroom.